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Öğe A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF A DIESEL ENGINE FUELED WITH DIESEL FUEL-LINSEED OIL BIODIESEL-ETHANOL BLENDS IN A THERMODYNAMIC, ECONOMIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT(Ecopetrol Sa, 2023) Ibrahim, Gehad Yasser Aly Maher; Atak, Nisa Nur; Dogan, Battal; Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir; Yaman, HayriThe growing demand for energy, coupled with volatile oil prices and the environmental damage caused by the harmful gases produced when it is used, has prompted countries to explore alternative energy sources. The transportation sector, an important end-user of petroleum, must adapt to the changing energy landscape and opt for new technologies to remain competitive. The study conducted a thorough thermodynamic analysis to assess the economic and environmental impact of using biodiesel (BD) made from cold-pressed linseed crude oil, commercial diesel fuel (DF), and ethanol in a compression-ignition (CI) engine. The study conducted a detailed thermodynamic analysis of performance and emission data recorded from a single-cylinder diesel engine. The analysis included energy, exergy, sustainability, exergoeconomic, exergoenvironmental, and exergoenviroeconomic parameters. The results pointed out that the fuel energy increases with the load, with B20E5 fuel reaching 6.887 kW at 25% load and 18.908 kW at 75% load. BD and blended fuels were found to have a higher fuel energy compared to DF. At 50% load, DF and B20 fuels have fuel energies of 10.765 kW and 10.888 kW, respectively. The analysis clearly demonstrates that commercial DF outperforms both DF-BD binary fuel blends and DF-BD-ethanol blends in terms of thermal and exergy efficiency values. Furthermore, DF exhibits lower entropy generation and exergy destruction than other binary and ternary blends. At maximum load, the exergy efficiencies of DF, B20, and B20E10 fuels were 28.5%, 25.8%, and 24.7%, respectively. The exergy losses were determined to be 10.495 kW, 12.317 kW, and 13.134 kW, respectively, under the same conditions. Binary and ternary fuel blends have a higher cost of power from the engine shaft due to the expensive market prices of ethanol and linseed oil-based BD compared to DF. However, B20 and B20E10 fuels have a lower environmental cost than DF, with B20 and B20E10 fuels estimated to be 2.8% and 5.3% lower than DF, respectively, at full load. These findings demonstrate the clear advantages of using B20 and B20E10 fuels over DF, both in terms of cost and environmental impact. Additionally, the infusion of ethanol into ternary blends reduces the environmental damage. This study provides a unique perspective on sustainable energy research and serves as a valuable reference for future studies.Öğe Analysing the Performance and Working Parameters of A CNG Compressor Prototype Designed As A Household Type(Gazi Univ, 2016) Dogan, BattalNowadays, the natural gas has been used as energy resource to decrease environment pollution and support fuel economy in the vehicles, which are used in commercial load and passenger transport. Using natural gas has become prevalent in private vehicles. In this vehicles, high pressure natural gas compressor are used to fuel up in the station. CNG compressor, which is located in the center of filling up the vehicles, fill up natural gas to the CNG tank at 200-250 bar pressure, which is taken to the inner city lines, and natural gas has been transmitted from tanks to the storage of vehicles. In this study, the four-piston CNG compressor prototype that is designed and manufactured has been compressing the natural gas, which has been taken with a 0.022 bar pressure from the inner-city lines into 200 bar pressure. The pressure and flow tests of compressor that is manufactured have been given at result section. Moreover, energy performance tests and calculations of CNG compressor has been made.Öğe Application of Higher-Order Alcohols (1-Hexanol-C6 and 1-Heptanol-C7) in a Spark-Ignition Engine: Analysis and Assessment(Springer Heidelberg, 2021) Yaman, Hayri; Dogan, Battal; Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir; Erol, DervisStudies on the usage of gasoline-alcohol blends as an alternative fuel in spark-ignition engines have recently gained momentum. In the present research, energy, exergy, environmental, enviroeconomic, exergoenvironmental, and exergoenviroeconomic analyses were conducted with the performance and emission values acquired by utilizing gasoline, gasoline-heptanol, and gasoline-hexanol fuels (G100, HEX5-20, and HP5-20) as a fuel under different powers at a constant speed of 1600 rpm in a single-cylinder four-stroke spark-ignition engine. As the ratio of alcohol in fuel blends increases, fuel consumption also increases. NOX emission is higher, and CO and HC emissions are lower in alcohol-based fuel blends than G100 fuel. The highest thermal efficiency is 41.09% in G100 fuel at a power of 5 kW. As the ratio of alcohol in fuel blends increases, thermal efficiency decreases. The highest exergy destruction and entropy generation were determined to be 6.25 kW and 0.02134 kW/K, respectively, in HP20 fuel at a power of 5 kW. Entropy generation increases with an increase in the ratio of alcohol in alcohol-based fuels. HEX20 and HP20 fuels produce 25% and 30% more entropy, respectively, compared to G100 fuel. The mass and financial costs of the damage caused by the CO2 emission of fuels to the environment were determined by conducting four different analyses using energy and exergy analysis data. According to the exergoenvironmental and exergoenviroeconomic analyses, HP20 fuel reached the highest environmental pollution values of 4538.19 kg CO2/month and 65.804 $/month, respectively. The environmental cost of the CO2 emission released from the exhaust to the atmosphere is higher in alcohol-based fuels than G100 fuel. As a result of all analyses, it was concluded that hexanol and heptanol could be alternative fuels in spark-ignition engines under particular conditions.Öğe Comprehensive analysis of a CI engine fuelled with blends of diesel fuel/ safflower seed oil biodiesel/ TiO2 or SiO2 nanoparticles produced by green synthesis technique(Elsevier, 2024) Dogan, Battal; Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir; Yaman, Hayri; Korkmaz, Nesrin; Arslan, AhmetIt can be confidently stated that there is limited research on the usability of nanoparticles as alternative fuel additives for diesel fuel (DF), particularly those produced from organic substances through the green synthesis method. On this basis, the present research focused on the usability of the fuels formed by adding metal-based titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles produced through green synthesis technique at different ratios to safflower oil biodiesel and commercial DF blends considering the thermodynamic, economic, and environmental analyses. In this sense, performance and emission tests were carried out in a single-cylinder diesel engine at four ranging loads (25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 %) at a fixed speed of 1500 rpm. To conclude, the exergy efficiency enhanced as the load increased. Actually, for B10Si50 blend at 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % loads, the exergy efficiency was calculated to be 16.46 %, 19.48 %, 21.08 %, and 21.95 %, respectively. As the amount of biodiesel infused to DF increased, the cost of losses went up gradually. In this context, the cost of losses for DF was calculated as 2.099 USD/h at the maximum engine load, meanwhile the cost of losses for B10 and B20 was figured out to be 2.326 USD/h and 2.487 USD/h, respectively. At the peak load, the ratio of the power taken from the engine shaft to the cost achieved for DF was 129.76 USD/GJ, while it was found to be 151.55 USD/GJ for B20. In addition, it was determined as 191.21 USD/GJ for B20Si250 fuel and 197.97 USD/GJ for B20Ti250. As stated in the exergoenviroeconomic analysis findings, the cost of monthly CO2 emissions ascended as the amount of nanoparticles augmented regardless of the type of fuel blends. At 75 % engine load, the cost of CO2 emissions for B20Si50 fuel was notified as 43.89 USD/month whereas it was found to be 47.74 USD/month for B20Si250.Öğe Determination of engine performance and harmful pollutants of a spark-ignition engine fueled with higher-order alcohol/gasoline blends by engine simulation(Sage Publications Ltd, 2024) Gholami Ghanati, Soroush; Dogan, Battal; Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir; Yaman, HayriIn this study, the performance and exhaust emissions of a spark-ignition (SI) engine were simulated using AVL program, and the outcomes were compared with the results coming from experiments. The simulated engine was operated at a constant speed (1600 rpm) and various engine powers with gasoline (G100), and it blends with different higher-order alcohols such as 1-hexanol (HEX) and 1-heptanol (HP) as new fuel combinations. The proportions of tests fuel combinations were G100, G100 + HEX (5, 10, 15, and 20%) and G100 + HP (5, 10, 15, and 20%). The experimental study showed that the highest brake-specific fuel consumption was calculated to be 0.625 kg/kWh using HP20 fuel at 1 kW of engine power, while it was found to be 0.598 kg/kWh in the numerical study. The experimental research indicated that the lowest CO emission was emitted to be 0.28% in HEX20 fuel at 5 kW of engine power. Under the same condition, it was found 0.26% in the simulation study. The highest NOx emission was measured to be 1349.8 ppm in HEX20 fuel at 5 kW of the engine power. Meanwhile, 1318.3 ppm was found in the simulation. When the simulation outcomes were compared with the experimental study results, the simulation results were in valid. The difference in brake-specific fuel consumption results between experimental and numerical research ascended as the engine power jumped up. Furthermore, reductions were observed in the amount of difference in the results related to emissions between experimental and simulation studies at higher engine powers.Öğe The effect of ethanol-gasoline blends on performance and exhaust emissions of a spark ignition engine through exergy analysis(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2017) Dogan, Battal; Erol, Dervis; Yaman, Hayri; Kodanli, EvrenEthanol which is considered as an environmentally cleaner alternative to fossil fuels is used on its own or blended with other fuels in different ratios. In this study, ethanol which has high octane rating, low exhaust emission, and which is easily obtained from agricultural products has been used in fuels prepared by blending it with gasoline in various ratios (E0, E10, E20, and E30). Ethanol-gasoline blends have been used in a four-cylinder four-stroke spark ignition engine for performance and emission analysis under full load. In the experimental studies, engine torque, fuel and cooling water flow rates, and exhaust and engine surface temperature have been measured. Engine energy distribution, irreversible processes in the cooling system and the exhaust, and the exergy distribution have been calculated using the experimental data and the formulas for the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Experiments and theoretical calculations showed that ethanol added fuels show reduction in carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions without significant loss of power compared to gasoline. But it was measured that the reduction of the temperature inside the cylinder increases the hydrocarbon (HC) emission. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of compression ratio on the performance and emission levels of a CI engine fueled with safflower oil methyl ester through an engine simulation approach(Edp Sciences S A, 2024) Dogan, Battal; Ghanati, Soroush Gholami; Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir; Yaman, HayriIn recent years, the research community has shown significant interest in the potential of biodiesel as a renewable alternative to conventional fossil-based fuels. Nevertheless, the experimental investigation of the effects of diverse biodiesel formulations on internal combustion engines demands a significant investment of time and financial resources. Consequently, the numerical alternative methodologies are advocated as a viable substitute for practical experiments. Numerical simulations offer the opportunity for a meticulous examination of the characteristics of internal combustion engines under diverse operational conditions and various biodiesel blends, thereby optimizing efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This study focused on the simulation of performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine running on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) oil methyl ester (SOME) and traditional diesel fuel using AVL simulation software. Furthermore, the simulation results were compared with a laboratory study carried out under identical conditions. The simulated engine underwent testing across various compression ratios (CRs) (ranging from 12:1 to 18:1) and engine loads (from 25% to full load) while sustaining a consistent speed of 1500 rpm. The simulation findings revealed that the engine exhibited its highest BSFC as 0.495 kg/kWh with SOME fuel, at a CR of 12:1, modestly lower than the corresponding experimental observation of 0.520 kg/kWh. Concurrently, the lowest value of BSFC, recorded as 0.267 kg/kWh with diesel fuel and a CR of 18:1, demonstrated a marginal deviation from the experimental result of 0.281 kg/kWh. Additionally, SOME fuel usage was correlated with diminished CO and HC emissions. The experimental findings indicated the lowest value of CO and HC emissions, as 0.14% and 21.7 ppm, respectively, with SOME fuel at a CR of 18:1, marginally below the simulation-derived values of 0.13% and 20.8 ppm. Conversely, diesel fuel at a CR of 12:1 exhibited maximal CO and HC emissions, registering 0.38% and 199.5 ppm, respectively, in the experimental study. In comparison, the simulation values were slightly lower at 0.36% and 194.1 ppm. Moreover, the experimental investigation identified SOME fuel as yielding the highest CO2 emission, reaching a peak of 11.9% under a CR of 18:1, while the simulation showed a slightly lower value of 11.2%. In contrast, diesel fuel at a CR of 12:1 resulted in the lowest CO2 emission at 3.85% in the experiment, with the simulation reporting a slightly reduced value of 3.77%. Regarding NOx emissions, the experiment recorded the peak at 1687 ppm with SOME fuel and a CR of 18:1, slightly surpassing the simulation's value of 1643 ppm. Conversely, the experimental data indicated the lowest NOx emission as 103 ppm with diesel fuel and a CR of 12:1, with the simulation suggesting a slightly lower value of 98.2 ppm under identical conditions. The simulation results demonstrated favorable concordance with experimental findings, notably strengthening with an increase in CR.Öğe Effects of silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticle size on the thermodynamic, economic, sustainability, and environmental parameters of a CI engine(Springer, 2024) Tastan, Fulya Irem; Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir; Dogan, Battal; Yaman, HayriThe goal of this work is to investigate the influence of SiO2 nanoparticles having different particle sizes (15 nm, 22 nm, and 75 nm) added to the traditional diesel fuel in a single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct injection, water-cooled, CI engine in terms of thermodynamic, environmental, sustainability, and economic perspectives. In the test engine, experiments were carried out at a constant speed (1500 rpm) and four ranging loads (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). On this basis, thermal efficiency and heat losses were determined by energy analysis. In the exergy analysis, fuel exergy, exergy transferred to the cooling water, exhaust exergy, exergy destroyed, and exergy efficiency were taken into consideration. The cost of the power taken from the crankshaft and the cost of exergy losses were found by exergoeconomic analysis. Besides that, the usability of the test fuels in the diesel engine was displayed by calculating the sustainability parameters. The addition of SiO2 nanoparticles of different sizes to the fuel blends did not cause a noticeable decrease in thermal efficiency. At 100% engine load, the thermal efficiency of D100, DSi-22, and DSi-75 fuels is 25.724%, 25.640%, and 25.325%, respectively. As the size of SiO2 nanoparticles added to fuel blends increases, the decrease in exergy efficiency becomes more noticeable. At 100% engine load, the exergy efficiency of D100, DSi-22, and DSi-75 fuels was determined as 23.96%, 22.78%, and 22.50%, respectively. Adding SiO2 nanoparticles into fuel blends increased exergy destruction. If the engine load is 10%, the exergy destruction in D100, DSi-15, DSi-22, and DSi-75 fuels is 13.649 kW, 14.678 kW, 14.75 kW, and 15.043 kW, respectively. The addition of SiO2 nanoparticles into diesel fuel is positive in terms of sustainability analysis. The lowest sustainability indices occurred at 25% engine load and are in the range of 1.175-1.19 for D100, DSi-15, DSi-22, and DSi-75 fuels, respectively. These values meet the condition of SI > 1. The addition of SiO2 in fuel blends increases fuel consumption, CO2 emissions, O-2 emissions, fuel energy, fuel exergy, exhaust exergy, the exergy of thermal losses, and exergy destruction and reduces CO emissions, thermal efficiency, and exergetic efficiency. In addition, as the size of SiO2 used in fuel blends increases, fuel consumption, CO2 emissions, fuel energy, and fuel exergy increase. On the other hand, CO emission, thermal efficiency, and exergy efficiency decrease.Öğe Effects of various long-chain alcohols as alternative fuel additives on exergy and cost in a spark-ignition engine(Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, 2022) Dogan, Battal; Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir; Erol, Dervis; Yaman, HayriThis paper deals with exergy and exergoeconomic analyses of gasoline-hexanol and gasoline-heptanol blends as alternative additives were performed in a spark-ignition engine at a constant speed (1,600 rpm). Fuel cost rate, cost per unit of exergy for power, cost rate of total exergy loss, exergonomic factor, and relative cost difference were calculated. The lowest cost of the power acquired from the engine for G100, HEX20 and HP20 at 5 kW was $0.122/MJ, $0.656/MJ and $1.042/MJ, respectively, and the corresponding fuel cost rates were $1.07/h, $5.2/h and $8.26/h, respectively.Öğe Energy and exergy analyses of skipped cycle mode in a single-cylinder engine fuelled with diesel and natural gas(Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, 2022) Tuncer, Erdal; Dogan, Battal; Sandalci, Tarkan; Erol, DervisIn this study, performance and exhaust emissions were examined experimentally at different engine loads (25%, 50%, and 75%) at a constant speed of 1,500 rpm using pure diesel before modifications and pure natural gas (NG100) after modifications. Furthermore, experimental studies were conducted under 2 normal-1 skipped cycle (2N1S) and 3 normal-1 skipped cycle (3N1S) conditions using pure natural gas as a fuel in a converted spark-ignition engine. In the present study, energy and exergy analyses were performed using the performance and exhaust emission values obtained from experiments. As a result of the energy analysis, effective thermal efficiency values of 39.46% and 34.37% were found in diesel and natural gas fuels, respectively, at an engine load of 75% without cycle skipping. It was observed that the effective thermal efficiency value reached the maximum value of 35.99% in case of cycle skipping in natural gas and at an engine load of 50%.Öğe Energy And Exergy Analysis Of Piston Type Cng Compressors With Different Number Of Stages(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Dogan, BattalNowadays, piston type compressors, having many advantages in compressing gases to high pressures, are preferred. In this study, energy and exergy analysis were performed by using the data obtained from the performance tests of three and four stage piston compressors located in the facilities that carried out compressed natural gas (CNG) filling of the buses of the city of Ankara Metropolitan Municipality. In this study, the temperature, pressure and flow values of the compressors during the filling process was measured. The theoretical analysis of the system was made according to the first and second laws of thermodynamics by using obtained value. In the energy analysis, power is calculated by using the pressure and temperature values at each stage. When the exergy analysis is performed, irreversibility caused by the compressor and the cooling system is considered. The actual power value of the three-stage compressor used in the study was 737.77 kJ/kg calculated from the polytropic state change of 600 kJ/kg, and the real and the polytropic state change values for the four-stage compressor were respectively 560 kJ/kg and 690.64 kJ/kg. The second law efficiency was calculated for each stage, and the highest efficiency was 86.84% at the fourth stage of the four stage compressor. The three-stage compressor has a storage cycle time of 700 seconds while the four stage compressor measures 540 seconds. Considering the total energy cost and other parameters, four stage piston compressors were found more efficient in CNG filling.Öğe Evaluation of the use of diesel-biodiesel-hexanol fuel blends in diesel engines with exergy analysis and sustainability index(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Erol, Dervis; Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir; Yaman, Hayri; Dogan, BattalThe present research examined the usability of diesel-biodiesel and diesel-biodiesel-hexanol fuel blends as an alternative to diesel fuel in a compression ignition engine. Energy and exergy analyses were conducted using the data obtained from the engine tests. In addition, the sustainability index was calculated. When selecting the most suitable fuel for diesel fuel, thermal and exergy efficiency and sustainability index values were compared. The obtained results revealed that the most suitable alternative fuel for diesel fuel was the diesel-biodiesel binary fuel blend. In this fuel blend, thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency, and sustainability index values are 3.8, 5.18, and 1.44 % higher, respectively, compared to pure diesel fuel at an engine load of 100 %. As the alcohol ratio in-creases in diesel-biodiesel-hexanol ternary blends, the sustainability index value decreases compared to diesel fuel. As the hexanol ratio increases in fuel blends, the sustainability index decreases. The highest sustainability index for ternary fuel blends is 1.26 at 100 % engine load in B45H10 fuel. The increase in engine load increases the sustainability index and exergy efficiency in all fuel blends.Öğe Examination of a CI engine running on poppy seed oil biodiesel/n-pentanol/diesel fuel blends with respect of thermodynamic and economic perspectives(Edp Sciences S A, 2023) Yaman, Hayri; Saltan, Gamze; Dogan, Battal; Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir; Sarikoc, SelcukThe present study regards thermodynamic and economic analyses of a compression-ignition engine running on various blends of biodiesel, n-pentanol, and diesel at different ratios. Diesel fuel and n-pentanol were obtained from commercial companies while biodiesel was produced from poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) seed oil by transesterification method under laboratory conditions. Five fuel blends (diesel fuel, B30Pt30, B30Pt20, B30Pt10, and B30) prepared in different ratios by volume were used in the experimental process. Engine tests were performed at a stable speed (1500 rpm) and four different loads from 25% to 100%. Engine performance data from the dynamometer and harmful emissions from the exhaust emission device were determined. These data were used in energy, exergy, and economic analysis. The energy analysis determines how much of the fuel's energy was spent on generating power from the crankshaft and thermal losses. In addition, the fuel inlet exergy, exhaust exergy, exergy of thermal losses, and exergy destruction were found throughout the exergy analysis, meanwhile, exergoeconomic analysis was conducted to understand the cost of the energy absorbed and losses at the crankshaft. At maximum engine load, energy efficiency was acquired to be between 25.99% and 34.63% and exergy efficiency between 28.87 and 32.34% as a consequence of the use of test fuels in the diesel engine. The higher cost of the work taken from the crankshaft in binary and ternary fuel blends in the study is on account of the high pump prices of biodiesel and n-pentanol compared to conventional diesel. At 100% load, the cost of the work noted from the crankshaft for diesel fuel, B30, B30Pt10, B30Pt20, and B30Pt30 fuels is 211.86, 2126.77, 3001.27, 3755.02, and 3755.02 $/GJ, respectively.Öğe Exergy analysis of fusel oil as an alternative fuel additive for spark ignition engines(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Ustun, Suleyman; Dogan, Battal; Erol, DervisThe present study conducted performance and exhaust emission tests of fuel blends prepared using gasoline and waste fusel oil at full load and different engine speeds in a spark-ignition engine. Additionally, energy, exergy, and exergoeconomic analyses were carried out using engine performance and exhaust emission values. In engine tests, the highest brake specific fuel consumption obtained was 433.12 g/kWh in F50 fuel at an engine speed of 3500 rpm. The brake specific fuel consumption of G100 fuel was 364.46 g/kWh at the same engine speed. Adding waste fusel oil into fuel blends was observed to reduce carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon , and nitrogen oxide emissions. According to the thermodynamic analysis results, an increase in the ratio of fusel oil in fuel blends reduces thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency. The ratio of fusel oil in fuel blends positively affects exergy destruction. The lowest exergy destruction was calculated as 16.47 kW in F50 fuel at an engine speed of 1500 rpm. As the fusel oil ratio in fuel blends increases, the unit cost of exergy of useful work of the fuel blends decreases. The lowest cost is 6.195 $/GJ at 1500 rpm in F50 fuel. The low pump price of waste fusel oil indicates its advantages over gasoline in exergoeconomic analysis results.Öğe Exergy, exergoeconomic, and exergoenviroeconomic evaluations of the use of diesel/fusel oil blends in compression ignition engines(Elsevier, 2022) Dogan, Battal; Ozer, Salih; Erol, DervisIn this study, experimentally investigated effects of fuel blends obtained using fusel oil and diesel fuel in different proportions on exhaust emissions and engine performance in a four-stroke, CI engine. The engine experiments contucted of two stages. Firstly, it was attempted to determine the maximum amount of fusel oil that could be added to diesel fuel. The blends obtained to this end were tested in a diesel engine, and it was observed that there was a maximum rate of 37% that would work without any problems. After blending 63% diesel and 37% fusel oil, the test engine does not run if the fusel oil ratio in fuel blends is increased. Afterward, experiments were performed at different engine speeds (1250-3000 rpm) in the full load conditions with the fuel blends created (D100, F5, F10, F20, F30, and F37). Additionally, exergy, energy, and exorgoeconomic analyses were carried out using engine performance and exhaust emission values acquired in experimental studies. It was stated that addition of fusel oil to fuel blends increased fuel consumption. If the engine ran at a speed of 2250 rpm, there was 17% more fuel consumption in F37 fuel than D100 fuel. In fuel blends using fusel oil, NOx, CO2, and soot emissions are lower in comparison with D100 fuel. In this research, it was observed that the addition of fusel oil to diesel exhibited a significant decrease in NO x and CO2 emissions but created a significant increase in particulate matter, CO and HC emissions. A parallel increase occurred in exergy losses in engine due to increase in fusel oil in blends. The highest exergy destruction was calculated as 22 kW in F37 fuel at 3250 rpm. As the ratio of fusel oil in fuel blends increases, the useful power cost and the cost of CO2 released into the atmosphere decrease.Öğe Exergy, exergoeconomic, and sustainability analyses of a diesel engine using biodiesel fuel blends containing nanoparticles(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Dogan, Battal; Celik, Mehmet; Bayindirli, Cihan; Erol, DervisThe current paper investigated in detail the influence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver oxide (Ag2O) nanoparticles additives into biodiesel fuel obtained from cottonseed oil in terms of performance and emissions. The fuel blends formed by nanoparticles with biodiesel fuel were evaluated from a different perspective with energy, exergy, and exergoeconomic analyses by utilizing the data from the experiments. Thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency increase when nanoparticles were mixed to the biodiesel fuel. Total exergy losses in fuel blends decrease with the nanoparticle additives. When the engine torque was 40 Nm, the total exergy losses for C100, CAg-75, and CTi-75 test fuels were 14.49 kW, 13.91 kW, and 12.17 kW, respectively. The total exergy loss in D100 fuel was calculated as 12.04 kW under the same conditions. The sustainability indexes for D100 and CTi-75 fuels at an engine torque of 40 Nm were 1.626 and 1.620, respectively. Due to the high price of nanoparticles, test fuels with nanoparticles have a higher cost per unit exergy for engine work than pure biodiesel fuel. Hence, it is essential to decrease the cost of nanoparticle production to expand the using of nanoparticle additives in biodiesel.Öğe Experimental and finite element study of the thermal conductivity of alpha-SiAlON ceramics(Wiley, 2007) Kushan, Seniz Reyhan; Uzun, İbrahim; Dogan, Battal; Mandal, HasanThe thermal conductivity of monolithic Y-Sm/alpha-SiAlON was evaluated using experimental data and finite element analysis. The thermal diffusivities of Y, Y-Dy, and Y-Ce/alpha-SiAlON ceramics were also investigated experimentally for comparison. The maximum achievable thermal conductivity of Y-Sm/alpha-SiAlON has been calculated by the linear extrapolation of the temperature-based experimental inverse diffusivity data and was used for the numerical calculations. Two-dimensional model microstructures were built on the base of real microstructure images and applied for calculations. Experimental data and numerical calculations were compared for Y-Sm/alpha-SiAlON, and it was revealed that both results are in good agreement.Öğe Green synthesis of SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles using safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) leaves and investigation of their usability as alternative fuel additives for diesel-safflower oil biodiesel blends(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Dogan, Battal; Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir; Yaman, Hayri; Korkmaz, Nesrin; Arslan, AhmetResearch into alternative fuels for diesel engines is currently focusing on the utilization of nanoparticles (NPs) as a promising solid fuel additive. The basis of such studies is to investigate the possibilities of using solid-liquid mixtures in internal combustion engines (ICEs). In general, NPs are commercially sold and readily available. On the other hand, NPs that can be produced from biomass through green synthesis have recently been preferred because of their environmental -friendly, low cost, and low toxicity. In the present study, therefore, the influence of alternative fuels to be prepared by adding metal -based silicon dioxide (SiO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs obtained by green synthesis using safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) leaves to diesel -safflower seed oil biodiesel (SSOB) blends (B10 and B20) at varying levels (50, 100, and 250 ppm) on the engine performance and emissions was extensively examined under laboratory conditions. While the particle size of the synthesized SiO2 NPs was calculated as approximately 41 nm, the particle size of TiO2 NPs was calculated as 47 nm. Additionally, it was observed that the obtained NPs generally had spherical and irregular particle structures. The presence of SiO2 (Si: 21.2 %, O 67.3 %) and TiO2 (Ti: 50.7 %, O: 45.8 %) was confirmed by EDX analysis. On the basis of the engine tests, the highest fuel consumption was calculated to be 2.132 kg/h for the B20Ti250 at the highest load. It was pointed out that the fuel blends including NPs descended CO and HC emissions whereas ascended NOx emissions. At 75 % load, the CO2 emissions for diesel fuel (DF), B20, and B20Ti250 were 0.468, 0.491, and 0.502 kg/kWh, respectively.Öğe Investigation of Thermal Conductivity of Ceramic Cuttin Edge Based Sialon- Si3N4(Gazi Univ, 2018) Dogan, Battal; Tan, HusamettinHigh speed processing of ferrous or non-ferrous metal products used cutting edge can be produced from high-tech ceramics. Used as a cutting tool in the study Sialon(KY 2000) and silicon nitride(KY3500) (Si3N4) based thermal conductivity of the two comers are determined experimentally and numerically. Studies conducted in experimental density by liquid displacement method (rho) measurement, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) using system specific heat (c) measurement and Laser using Flash technology thermal diffusivity coefficient (alpha) measurements were performed. Experimental measurement of the effective thermal conductivity of the material (k=alpha.rho.c) is found from the expression. For numerical solution scanning electron microscope images (SEM) was used. These images using AutoCAD software finite element based software that has been made ready for Ansys. Ansys two -dimensional and effective thermal conductivity calculated at constant surface temperature boundary conditions. A new numerical method based on the thermal conductivity principle of the inserts was used in the study using SEM images and Element Analysis (EDS) results.Öğe Investigation on 1-heptanol as an oxygenated additive with diesel fuel for compression-ignition engine applications: An approach in terms of energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, enviroeconomic, and sustainability analyses(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2020) Dogan, Battal; Cakmak, Abdulvahap; Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir; Erol, DervisStudies on alternative and environmentally friendly fuels for compression-ignition engines continue intensively. In this work, energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, enviroeconomic, and sustainability analyses have been conducted by evaluating performance and emission values obtained by operating with different ratios of 1-heptanol/diesel blends (Hp0, Hp5, Hp10, and Hp20) as novel fuels under a constant speed (1500 rpm) with different engine loads (25%, 50%, 75%, and full load) in a single-cylinder, four-stroke, water-cooled, direct-injection, compression-ignition engine. In the test engine, energy and exergy efficiencies and losses, energetic and exergetic powers, irreversibility, and destruction of the exergy for the aforementioned fuel blends have been calculated and compared with pure diesel fuel. In the tests, the highest fuel consumption was determined as 0.221 kg/kWh in HP20 fuel at 100% load because 1-heptanol has lower calorific value than that of neat diesel fuel. The energy efficiency values in different loads of diesel engine for all fuel blends (Hp0-Hp20) have been calculated to be as between 14.46% and 40.72% along with the corresponding exergy efficiency values have been found to be as between 13.43% and 37.79%. By performing emission measurements, the highest CO2 emission cost has been calculated as 66.94 USD/year at a 100% load in Hp10 fuel according to the enviroeconomic analysis. In this present research, by implementing the exergoeconomic analysis, the highest engine output power cost at a load of 25% has been noted to be at 1.6 USD/MJ for Hp20 blend. Sustainability analysis has been determined according to the SI index, and the highest index was calculated to be 1.6 at a 100% load for Hp0 fuel.
