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Beyond Conventional: Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Photocatalytic Properties of Nanofibers Featuring Metal-Oxide-Modified Boron Nitride Nanoparticles
(Amer Chemical Soc, 2024) Horzum, Nesrin; Dogan, Deniz; Karaduman, Fatma Rabia; Metin, Aysegul Ulku
CuO-, ZrO2-, and ZnO-immobilized functional boron nitride (fBN) nanoparticles were synthesized by an environmentally friendly approach using a Stevia rebaudiana extract. Metal-oxide-immobilized fBN nanoparticles (fBN/MO)-incorporated (1 wt %) polyvinyl alcohol/poly(acrylic acid) composite nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning, and their antibacterial, antioxidant, and photocatalytic properties were investigated. fBN/CuO and fBN/ZnO nanoparticles were distributed randomly, showcasing nonuniform geometries besides polygonal-shaped fBN/ZrO2 nanoparticles. fBN/MO nanoparticles exhibited a uniform dispersion along the composite nanofibers, with diameters between 115 and 160 nm. The incorporation of fBN/MO nanoparticles into the composite nanofibers (0.074-0.753 W/mK) resulted in an improvement in both thermal stability and conductivity when compared with PVA/PAA nanofibers (0.063 W/mK). fBN/MO-modified composite nanofibers exhibited an antibacterial efficacy exceeding 99% against Streptococcus mutans, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, augmenting their antioxidant properties. The modified composite nanofibers, particularly those incorporating fBN/ZrO2 nanoparticles, exhibited effective photocatalytic remediation against methylene blue (MB) with the highest activity, attributed to their favorable morphological and optoelectronic properties, resulting in a remarkably more than 20-fold improvement. Enhanced stability for repeated treatment of MB for a minimum of three cycles was achieved. The multifunctional nature of nanofibers unveils synergistic antibacterial, antioxidant, and photodegradation effects, positioning them as promising for biomaterials and water disinfection.
Boron nitride decorated poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) composite nanofibers: A promising material for biomedical applications
(Elsevier, 2023) Dogan, Deniz; Karaduman, F. Rabia; Horzum, Nesrin; Metin, Ayseguel Uelkue
In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) nanofibers loaded with boron nitride nano-particles (mBN) were fabricated by using electrospinning and crosslinked by heat treatment. The physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, hydrophilic behavior, and degradability of composite nanofibers were evaluated. The mechanical properties such as elastic modulus, elongation percentage at the break, and mechanical strength of PVA/PAA nanofibers improved with mBN loading. The thermal conductivity of composite nanofibers reached 0.12 W/m center dot K at mBN content of 1.0 wt% due to the continuous heat conduction pathways of mBN. In the meantime, while there was no cytotoxicity recorded for both L929 and HUVEC cell lines for all composite nanofibers, the antimicrobial efficiency improved with the incorporation of mBN compared with PVA/PAA and recorded as 68.8% and 75.1% for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. On this basis, the present work proposes a promising biomaterial for biomedical applications such as dual drug delivery, particularly including both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs or wound dressing.
Design of dual-conductive polyacrylonitrile-based composite nanofiber: Synergistic effect of copper nanoparticles decorated-boron nitride and polyaniline
(Wiley, 2024) Orhun, Zumer; Dogan, Deniz; Erdem, Uemit; Yildirim, Gurcan; Pehlivanli, Zuhtu Onur; Metin, Aysegul Uelkue
Conductive composite nanofibers are promising materials, especially wearable strain sensors, due to their lightweight, breathability, flexibility, and skin affinity. Here, we propose a dual-conductive network by the sequential decoration of amin-modified boron nitride nanosheets (BN), copper nanoparticles (Cu), and polyaniline (PANI) into the elastic thermoplastic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber. The Cu nanoparticles/BN-enwrapped PANI nanocomposite was synthesized using successive environmentally friendly reduction and chemical oxidation polymerization. First, Cu (II) ions were immobilized on modified BN and reduced with L-ascorbic acid (BN@Cu), followed by a chemical oxidation polymerization of aniline using ammonium persulfate as an initiator (BN@Cu/PANI). The XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), and TEM/EDXS (Transmission Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) analysis confirmed the coexistence of the BN@Cu/PANI phase and composition. The DC electrical conductivity of BN@Cu/PANI nanocomposite (0.567 S/cm) was quietly higher than PANI (0.167 S/cm) and BN@Cu (0.077 S/cm). The thermal conductivity of BN@Cu and BN@Cu/PANI was 0.626 and 0.444 W/mK, respectively. The BN@Cu/PANI loaded-PAN composite nanofibers were successfully produced by electrospinning. SEM studies confirmed that the composite nanofibers have uniform fiber structure and suitable BN@Cu/PANI dispersion/distribution within the PAN. BN@Cu/PANI-reinforced PAN nanofibers showed a 2-fold decrease in the specific heat capacity and a 50-fold increase in electrical conductivity of the nanofibers at 10 wt%BN@Cu/PANI loading. This work offers dual-conductive polymer-based composites, which can be used in thermal management applications in microelectronics devices.HighlightsThe dual-conductive nanocomposite, BN@Cu/PANI, was prepared a simple, low-cost method.BN@Cu/PANI, core/shell nanocomposite, was easily produced this way for the first time.BN@Cu nanoparticles increased the polymerization rate of PANI.The thermal and electrical conductivity of BN@Cu/PANI was 0.444 W/mK and 0.567 S/cm.Electrical conductivity of BN@Cu/PANI-PAN increased 50-fold increase at 10 wt%BN@Cu/PANI. The dual conductive nanocomposite (BN@Cu/PANI) was prepared using environmentally friendly reduction and chemical oxidation polymerization methods, respectively (a). The BN@Cu/PANI is used as filler in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers prepared by electrospinning for potential applications such as soft electronics, hydrogen production, photocatalytic, and biosensors due to the lightweight and dual conductivity of composite nanofibers (b).image
Environmentally friendly pathway applying sustainable resources to remove anionic dye from aqueous solutions: encapsulation in carboxymethyl cellulose nanoneedles
(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2023) Alver, Erol; Dogan, Deniz; Mert, Humeyra; Metin, Aysegul Ulku
Encapsulation technique was used for the rapid and efficient removal of RB-250 from aqueous solutions. This technique involves the simultaneous formation of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) particles and the entrapment of the anionic dye RB-250 within the particles. TEM and zeta analyses of dye-encapsulated CMC particles showed needle type agglomeration of nanoparticles. Various parameters were investigated to optimize the RB-250 removal efficiency of CMC by encapsulation. Remarkably, while pH and time significantly affect the dye removal efficiency in adsorption, which is a widely used dye removal technique, the effect of these parameters is negligible in the proposed technique. In addition, it was determined that the temperature and stirring rate does not have a significant effect on the entrapment of the dye molecules in nanoparticles. More importantly, unlike conventional dye removal techniques such as adsorption, this technique allowed the rapid and efficient removal of an anionic dye with unmodified CMC. RB-250 encapsulation capacity of CMC nanoparticles was determined as 2809 mg RB-250/g CMC. These results revealed that the encapsulation is a promising candidate in dye removal applications where time and ease are important.
Evolution of dynamics of physico-chemical and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite with fluorine addition and degradation stability of new matrices
(Elsevier, 2022) Erdem, Umit; Dogan, Deniz; Bozer, Buesra Moran; Karaboga, Seda; Turkoz, Mustafa Burak; Metin, Aysegul Ulku; Yildirim, Gurcan
This multidisciplinary study examined sensitively the change in the dynamics of main mechanical performance, stability of crystal structure, crystallinity quality, strength, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, resistance to structural degradation/separations and mechanical durability features of hydroxyapatite (HAp) biomedical materials based on the fluorine addition and degradation process to guide future medical and dental treatment studies. In the study, the fluorine ions were used to be the dental coating, filling and supporting material for biologically or synthetically produced bone minerals. The general characteristic properties were investigated by means of standard spectroscopic, structural and mechanical analysis methods including RAMAN, SEM-EDS, TEM, Vickers micro-indentation hardness and density measurements. A time dependent release test was performed to evaluate possible fluorine ion release after the degradation process. It was found that the fundamental charac-teristic properties of HAp biomedical materials are noted to improve with the increase in the fluoride level up to 2% due much more stabilization of HAp crystal system. The combination of RAMAN spectra and powder XRD analyzes indicates that 2% addition level affects positively the formation velocity of characteristic HAP phase. Besides, fluorine doped HAp materials all exhibited the main characteristic peaks after degradation process. This is attributed to the fact that the fluorine ions enabled the hydroxyapatite to enhance the structural quality and stability towards the corrosion environment. However, in case of excess dopant level of 3% the degradation rates were obtained to increase due to higher contribution rate and especially electrostatic interactions. As for the surface morphology examinations, 2% fluorine added HAp with the highest density of 3.0879 g/cm3 was determined to present the superior crystallinity quality (smallest grain size, best smooth surface, honeycomb pattern, regular shaped particles and densest particle distributions through the specimen surface). Conversely, the excess fluorine triggered to increase seriously degree of micro/macro porosity in the surface morphology and microscopic structural problems in the crystal system. Thus, the HAp doped with 3% was the most affected material from the degradation process. Additionally, the fluorine ion values read after the release process were quite far from the value that could cause toxic effects. Lastly, the optimum fluorine addition provides the positive effects on the highest durability, stiffness and mechanical fracture strength properties as a consequence of dif-ferentiation in the surface residual compressive stress regions (lattice strain fields), amplification sites and active operable slip systems in the matrix. Hence, the crack propagations prefer to proceed in the transcrystalline re-gions rather than the intergranular parts. Similarly, it was found that Vickers micro-indentation hardness tests showed that the microhardness parameters increased after the degradation process. All in all, the fluorine addition level of 2% was noted to be good choice to improve the fundamental characteristic properties of hy-droxyapatite biomedical materials for heavy-duty musculoskeletal, orthopedic implant, biological and thera-peutic applications in medicine and dentistry application fields.
Fabrication of mechanically advanced polydopamine decorated hydroxyapatite/polyvinyl alcohol bio-composite for biomedical applications: In-vitro physicochemical and biological evaluation
(Elsevier, 2022) Erdem, Umit; Dogan, Deniz; Bozer, Busra M.; Turkoz, Mustafa B.; Yildirim, Gurcan; Metin, Aysegul U.
In this study, polydopamine (PDA) coated hydroxyapatite (HA) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films were produced to be used in biomedical applications such as bone tissue regeneration. pDA is coated not only to prevent the agglomeration of HA when encountering interstitial fluids but also to strongly bind the PVA for the interaction between materials so that the mechanical performance becomes more stabilized. pDA was coated on the hydroxyapatite surface using a radical polymerization technique, and the reinforced PVA were produced with pDA-coated HA (pDA-HA/PVA) nanoparticles. Fundamental characteristic properties of pDA-HA/PVA nanocomposite films were examined by morphological/chemical (SEM-EDS), microstructural (XRD, Ft-IR, and Raman), thermodynamic (TGA and TM), mechanical performance (Vickers microhardness) and biological activity analysis (MTT, genotoxicity and antimicrobial efficacy investigations). Physicochemical analysis showed that all the samples studied exhibited homogeneous mineral distributions through the main structures. According to TGA, TMA and hardness tests, the new composite structure possessed higher mechanical properties than neat PVA. Further, pDA-HA/PVA nanocomposites exhibited high antibacterial capacities against Acinetobacter Baumannii (A.Baumannii), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans). Moreover, the new nanocomposites were noted to present good biocompatibility for fibroblast (L929) cells and to support remarkably MCS cells. All in all, this comprehensive work shows that the thermo-mechanically improved pDA-HA/PVA films will increase the application fields of PVA in biomedical fields especially tooth-bone treatments for coating, filling, or occlusion purposes.
Increasing Photocatalytic Stability and Photocatalytic Property of Polyaniline Conductive Polymer
(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2020) Dogan, Deniz; Tas, Recep; Can, Muzaffer
This study aims to enhance the photocatalytic properties and stability of polyaniline (PANI) by preparing polyaniline-metal oxide composites. Polyaniline and polyaniline-metal oxide composites were synthesized via chemical polymerization method and characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The morphological characteristics of the polymers synthesized in media with and without metal oxide are quite different from each other. These differences are due to the presence of metal oxides in the polymer structure, and the interactions between PANI-metal oxides, as mentioned in the XRD interpretations. The photocatalytic properties of polyaniline and each polyaniline-metal oxide composite were investigated using methylene blue (MB) under UV light and in the dark. (MB is one of the pollutant dyes found in wastewater.) The findings showed that photocatalytic property and stability of polyaniline can be enhanced by preparing the polyaniline-metal oxide composites. TheE(g)values of the selected metal oxides are around 3 eV values. The metal oxides, having the 3 eV energy bandgap range, exhibit better photocatalytic properties. [GRAPHICS] .
Increasing Photocatalytic Stability and Photocatalytic Property of Polyaniline Conductive Polymer
(SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, 2020) Dogan, Deniz; Tas, Recep; Can, Muzaffer
This study aims to enhance the photocatalytic properties and stability of polyaniline (PANI) by preparing polyaniline-metal oxide composites. Polyaniline and polyaniline-metal oxide composites were synthesized via chemical polymerization method and characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The morphological characteristics of the polymers synthesized in media with and without metal oxide are quite different from each other. These differences are due to the presence of metal oxides in the polymer structure, and the interactions between PANI-metal oxides, as mentioned in the XRD interpretations. The photocatalytic properties of polyaniline and each polyaniline-metal oxide composite were investigated using methylene blue (MB) under UV light and in the dark. (MB is one of the pollutant dyes found in wastewater.) The findings showed that photocatalytic property and stability of polyaniline can be enhanced by preparing the polyaniline-metal oxide composites. TheE(g)values of the selected metal oxides are around 3 eV values. The metal oxides, having the 3 eV energy bandgap range, exhibit better photocatalytic properties. Graphic It was aimed to investigate the photocatalytic properties and to increase the photocatalytic properties of polyaniline with the metal oxide. Polyaniline-metal oxide composites were synthesized and characterized. And their photocatalytic properties of each oxide composite were investigated by degradation of methylene blue under UV light and in dark media.
Magnetic cellulose-based composite as a new effectively reusable biosorbent for cationic dye removal: Batch and lab-scale column studies
(Springer, 2023) Dogan, Deniz; Ariff, Azmah Hanim Mohamed; Leman, Zulkiflle; Metin, Ayseguel Ulku
This study presents a functional magnetic cellulose-based nanocomposite (mCNF(AP)/PMAA) to develop a highly efficient and sustainable adsorbent to remove organic dyes from an aqueous solution. Cellulose was extracted from Arenga Pinnata (AP) and was modified with 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) to convert carboxyl end groups on cellulose chains that contribute to magnetization reaction. Methacrylic acid, an environmentally friendly monomer carrying carboxylic acid functional groups, was grafted on magnetic cellulose for effective cationic dye removal. The mCNF(AP)/PMAA nanocomposite structure was characterized by XRD, SEM/EDS, TGA, VSM, and FTIR. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated the successful extraction of cellulose from AP and the incorporation of the magnetic core. The SEM/EDS examinations referred to the existence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and the grafting of PMAA on the surface of magnetic cellulose. At the same time, VSM results demonstrated that the saturation magnetization value of mCNF(AP)/PMAA was 15.5 emu/g, enabling the nanocomposite can be rapidly and easily separated from the aqueous solution under an external magnetic field. The adsorption and desorption behavior of mCNF(AP)/PMAA in batch and continuous lab-scale systems were evaluated using isotherm and kinetic models. The adsorption study revealed that the pH did not significantly affect on adsorption behavior of MB and the maximum adsorption capacity of mCNF(AP)/PMAA was 201 mg/g. The adsorption kinetic and isotherm models were well-fitted to the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm. Notably, the regeneration performance of the mCNF(AP)/PMAA was excellent and protected its 75% capacity after the fifteenth adsorption/desorption cycle. The fixed column was used to determine the real-time behavior of the adsorbent in lab-scale continuous mode and the data were analyzed in models such as Thomas, Adams, and Yoon Nelson. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 264.65 mg/g. In conclusion, mCNF(AP)/PMAA composite is an effective and cheap material from sustainable sources. Due to its high regeneration and reusability capability, it could be employed as an effective adsorbent in removing pollutants from wastewater.
Magnetically responsive chitosan-based nanoparticles for remediation of anionic dyes: Adsorption and magnetically triggered desorption
(Elsevier Science Sa, 2022) Babacan, Taner; Dogan, Deniz; Erdem, Umit; Metin, Aysegul Ulku
Chitosan-based nanoparticles (PGMA/mCHT) were prepared for the adsorption of anionic Reactive Red 120 (RR120) and Indigo Carmine (IC). The morphology and characteristics were clarified by using SEM-EDX, XRD, VSM, and FTIR. The adsorption of RR120 and IC on PGMA/mCHT was carried out in a batch process to determine the influence of initial dye concentration (5-600 mg/L), initial pH (3-9), temperature (5, 25, 35, and 45 degrees C) and contact time. Under acidic conditions, higher adsorption efficiencies of the PGMA/mCHT nanoparticles due to intermolecular interactions of dye molecules between the protonated amine groups and the sulfonyl groups. Bi-solute adsorption was also investigated revealing between dye molecules has no competitive effect at the same initial concentration. The kinetic results of RR120 and IC adsorption onto PGMA/mCHT nanoparticles fit well to the pseudo-second-order model. The desorption of dye molecules from PGMA/mCHT nanoparticles was also studied using an alternating magnetic field which is caused the superior desorption behavior demonstrating the magnetic nanoparticles can be acted as a nanoheater.
Mechanical and thermal properties of recycled polyethylene/surface treated hemp fiber bio-composites
(Wiley, 2023) Guney, Olcay; Bilici, Ibrahim; Dogan, Deniz; Metin, Ayseguel Ulku
Hemp is a good option for polyethylene additives because of its high cellulose and fibrous content. This study aims to modify natural hemp fibers with the maleic anhydride/ionic liquid method, manufacture the composites, and compare the thermal and mechanical properties of natural hemp fiber and hemp cellulose. In this study recycled polyethylene as a binder, and filling ratios between 0 and 50 (wt/wt)% are investigated as a parameter. Differential scanning calorimeter and thermomechanical analysis were performed, and it was determined that the coefficient of thermal expansion from 973 to 147 ppm/K. It was determined that the strength of composite materials obtained from cellulose fibers with maleic anhydride/liquid ionic modification improved by around 20% from 19.5 to 24.4 MPa. In addition, as a result of scanning electron microscope analyses performed on the fractured surfaces, it was determined that the pressure, temperature, and time were suitable for producing composite materials. This work shows the potential of recycled polyethylene/ hemp composites as a sustainable green material with simple fabrication procedure and useful mechanical and thermal properties.
One-pot green approach for rapid and effective anionic dye remediation: encapsulation within alginate nanocapsules
(Wiley, 2024) Alver, Erol; Dogan, Deniz; Mert, Humeyra; Metin, Aysegul Ulku
BACKGROUNDThe encapsulation technique was applied to efficiently eliminate Congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. During the ionotropic gelation between calcium (Ca2+) ions and alginate (AL), CR was effectively entrapped within the AL nanocapsules in a one-step process. Suitable conditions for efficient CR removal via encapsulation were revealed by the systematic optimization of parameters including pH, time and stirring speed, etc.RESULTSAccording to the experimental observations, the stirring rate and temperature were found to have an insignificant effect on the encapsulation of CR molecules. When the pH value of the medium was 3, the highest level of encapsulation efficiency was achieved in a period of 15 min. At a preliminary CR concentration of 2000 mg L-1 and pH 3, the encapsulation efficiency was calculated at approximate to 98.9%, with an encapsulation capacity of 2800 mg dye g-1 AL. The zeta potential values of AL and CR/AL nanocapsules were determined to be +7.05 eV and -14.9 eV, respectively, and the results showed that the particles tended to agglomerate. TEM micrographs also showed that the nanocapsules were nanosized and agglomerated. Soil and UV degradation studies showed that the dye-entrapped nanocapsules degraded remarkably. These results highlighted the great potential of encapsulation for dye removal in economical and practical applications.CONCLUSIONEncapsulation was confirmed to be an economical and practical technique for effectively eliminating CR from aqueous solutions. Under UV light irradiation, the dye molecules entrapped within alginate nanocapsules displayed photodegradation. (c) 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Physicochemical and biological assessment of boron nitride nanosheets-reinforced poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) composite for biomedical applications
(Elsevier, 2022) Dogan, Deniz; Metin, Aysegul Ulku
Research on mechanically advanced materials for biological applications involving load-bearing is in progress. Within this scope, this study is the first to propose the fabrication of bionanocomposites combining the different amounts of functionalized boron nitride nanosheets (f-BNNSs, 0-2.0 mg/mL) and poly(hydroxyethyl methac-rylate) (pHEMA). The pristine BN was exfoliated by microwave irradiation to access BNNSs at different powers and times. The as-exfoliated BNNSs were characterized by zeta-sizer, FTIR, XRD, and TEM, which showed that the BNNSs exhibited facile and processable features in tiny sizes. Bionanocomposites were fabricated by pho-topolymerization. The physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, hydrophilic behavior, and degradability of bionanocomposites were evaluated. The mechanical parameters such as Young's modulus and elongation per-centage at break showed that adding f-BNNSs up to 2.0 mg/mL significantly increased the mechanical strength of pHEMA without affecting the hydrophilicity, hemocompatibility, and cytotoxicity. Moreover, the hardness of pHEMA/f-BNNSs composites (38.56 MPa) was remarkably higher than that of pHEMA. There was no cytotoxicity recorded for fabricated bionanocomposites from the MTT assay. All nanocomposites exhibited superior anti-bacterial activities against E.coli and S.aureus compared with pHEMA. However, pHEMA/f-BNNSs composites were more effective against E.coli than S.aureus. While E.coli colonies was reduced 100% at all composites in an hour, S.aureus colonies was completely destroyed with pHEMA/1f-BNNSs and pHEMA/2f-BNNSs after 24 h in-cubation. The study's findings demonstrated that the mechanically improved pHEMA/f-BNNSs films could in-crease the application of pHEMA in biomedical fields.
Resorbable membrane design: In vitro characterization of silver doped-hydroxyapatite-reinforced XG/PEI semi-IPN composite
(Elsevier, 2023) Dogan, Deniz; Erdem, Umit; Bozer, Busra M.; Turkoz, Mustafa B.; Yildirim, Gurcan; Metin, Aysegul U.
In this study, the production and characterization of silver-doped hydroxyapatite (AgHA) reinforced Xanthan gum (XG) and Polyethyleneimine (PEI) reinforced semi-interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) biocomposite, known to be used as bone cover material for therapeutic purposes in bone tissue, were performed. XG/PEI IPN films containing 2AgHA nanoparticles were produced by simultaneous condensation and ionic gelation. Characteristics of 2AgHA-XG/PEI nanocomposite film were evaluated by structural, morphological (SEM, XRD, FT-IR, TGA, TM, and Raman) and biological activity analysis (degradation, MTT, genotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity) techniques. In the physicochemical characterization, it was determined that 2AgHA nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed in the XG/PEI-IPN membrane at high concentration and the thermal and mechanical stability of the formed film were high. The nanocomposites showed high antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter Baumannii (A.Baumannii), Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), and Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans). L929 exhibited good biocompatibility for fibroblast cells and was determined to support the formation of MCC cells. It was shown that a resorbable 2AgHA-XG/PEI composite material was obtained with a high degradation rate and 64% loss of mass at the end of the 7th day. Physico-chemically developed biocompatible and biodegradable XG-2AgHA/PEI nanocomposite semi-IPN films possessed an important potential for the treatment of defects in bone tissue as an easily applicable bone cover. Besides, it was noted that 2AgHA-XG/PEI biocomposite could increase cell viability, especially in dental-bone treatments for coating, filling, and occlusion.

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