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    Effect of lactation number on some biochemical parameters in postpartum dairy cows
    (2022) Elifoğlu, Taha Burak; Kurt, Serdal
    Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between lactation number, milk yield, and some blood biochemical parameters in dairy cows. Materials and Methods: The material of the study consists of dairy cows (n=60), and three different groups were formed according to the lactation numbers of the cows. Non-lactating heifers were assigned to Group 1 (n=10), 1st and 2nd lactation cows were assigned to Group 2 (n=24), and 3rd and 4th lactation cows were assigned to Group 3 (n=26). The blood total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, glucose, cholesterol, aspartate transaminase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels of the cows in the groups were measured. In addition, the milk yields of the groups were compared, and the relationship between these values and milk yield was investigated. Results: Total protein level was higher in the G3, G2 and G1 groups, respectively (p<0.001). Similarly, albumin levels increased significantly in the G3 group compared to the G1 Group (P<0.01). Glucose and cholesterol levels were higher and lower in G1 group compared to other groups (p<0.001; p<0.05), respectively. AST and GGT levels decreased in the G1 group than in the G2 group (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the number of lactations in dairy cows significantly affected the biochemical parameters within total protein, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, AST and GGT in dairy cows. These differences were found especially in Group 2 and Group 3, which included multiparous cows, compared to Group 1 (heifers).
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    Evaluation of hepatokines, proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and energy related metabolism analytes and hematological parameters in dairy cows with placental retention
    (2021) Bayraktar, Bülent; Kara, Erdal; Elifoğlu, Taha Burak; Kaya, Ufuk
    Aim: To investigate the serum levels of angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1?), IL-6, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and energy-related metabolism analytes and hematological parameters in cows with placental retention (PR). Materials and Methods: In the presented study, blood samples were taken from the coccygeal veins of 10 cows with PR and 10 healthy control cows. All of the samples were analyzed to determine the serum glucose, unesterified fatty acid (NEFA), triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), SOD, and MDA levels. Blood serum hepatokines, ANGPTL4, FGF21 levels, proinflammatory cytokine response parameters, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 levels were evaluated. Results: As a result, the increase in serum AST (p < 0.05) indicated altered liver function. During negative energy balance, the serum NEFA levels (p < 0.05) increased, and serum HDL levels (p < 0.05) decreased as indicators of an increased risk of metabolic pathology. Increases in the serum ANGPTL4, FGF21, CRP, and SOD (p < 0.001) and IL-6, MDA, creatine kinase levels (p < 0.05) were evaluated as indicators of the development of effective metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress. The monocyte count was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the cows with PR. Conclusion: It was concluded that significant increases in the serum ANGPTL4 and FGF2 levels were associated with energy balance, effective cytokine responses, and oxidative stress in dairy cows with PR.
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    The Investigation of Serum Estrogen, Progesterone, AMH and IGF-1 Profiles in Lactating and Non Lactating Mares after Altrenogest Administrations
    (2020) Polat, İbrahim Mert; Korkmaz, Ömer; Elifoğlu, Taha Burak; Pir, İlknur Yağcı; Çolakoğlu, Hatice Esra; Pekcan, Mert
    The objective of this study is to follow up the follicular growth in ovaries until mating by ultrasonography to determine of pregnancy rates, serum estrogen, progesterone, AMH and IGF-1 concentrations in mares which synchronized with altrenogest and to compare the obtained data with non-lactating mares. The study was carried out during breeding season while ovaries were active; lactating mares were included in Group 1 (n = 8) and non-lactating mares in Group 2 (n = 8). In both groups, synchronization was performed by administration of altrenogest (Regumate®) and prostaglandin F 2 alpha (PGF2?). Dominant follicle diameters of non-lactating mares were found to be greater than those of lactating ones. During the study, estrogen, progesterone, AMH and IGF-1 levels were significantly lower in the lactating mares. The non- lactating mares were found to have a first pregnancy conception rate (75%), similar to that of lactating mares (62%) (x2=1.54, P=0.62). It was concluded that in the mares synchronized with altrenogest, the presence of lactation and the foal are significantly influences ovarian activities, ovarian steroid levels, AMH and IGF-1 levels. Therefore, in order to increase pregnancy rates in lactating mare, sexual cycle synchronization with altrenogest are considered to be a suitable method.
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    Investigation of Total Colostral IgG Produced by Holstein Cows in a Lactation
    (2023) Kara, Erdal; Yağcı, İlknur Pir; Yağcı, Buğrahan Bekir; Elifoğlu, Taha Burak
    Since dairy cows have greater milk production than beef cows, because of the dilution of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) colostrum of dairy cows assumed to be of poorer quality compared with beef cows. The objective of the present study was to investigate quality of colostrum and total IgG produced in a lactation by Holstein cows (n=80). The average colostrum volume at the first seven milking were measured as 5.42 L, 6.73 L, 8.55 L, 9.26 L, 8.44 L, 9 L, 10.01 L respectively. The average total colostrum produced by cows in the first 3 days period was calculated as 57.41 L. The average colostrum IgG concentration were calculated as 90.81 mg/mL, 68.67 mg/mL, 58.40 mg/mL, 37.33 mg/mL, 15.22 mg/mL, 10.7 mg/mL, 5.9 mg/mL respectively for each milking. In conclusion, enough colostrum and IgG are produced in the first 3 days in Holstein cows for calf feeding. In addition to this, there is huge opportunity that excessive amount of IgG and colostrum could be processed for other by-products.
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    Relationship between electrical conductivity and colostrum quality in farm level
    (2023) Kara, Erdal; Yağcı, İlknur Pir; Yağcı, Buğrahan Bekir; Kaya, Ufuk; Elifoğlu, Taha Burak
    Good quality colostrum intake is essential component in calf health programs. There are different methods to determine the quality of colostrum. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between Immunoglobulin G (IgG), which is used to determine colostrum quality, and electrical conductivity in farm level. Two groups were performed according to results of IgG analyses. Samples which had <50 mg/mL IgG concentration were assigned into group 1 (G1, n=27) and accepted as insufficient quality colostrum. Samples that had >50 mg/mL IgG concentration were accepted as good quality colostrum and assigned into group 2 (G2, n=68). IgG concentrations were measured by ELISA, then the electrical resistance (ER) and conductivity (EC) measured by Draminski Mastitis Detector (MDQ4, MDQ). MDQ and ER results were statistically higher in G2, and EC results were statistically higher in G1, but difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05) in G1, there was moderate positive correlation between IgG and ER, EC and MDQ (P<0.01). Presented study revealed strong correlation between EC and IgG concentration in low-quality colostrum. There are lots of variables that effect conductivity and resistance of colostrum, so to eliminate uncertainties of use of MDQ further research must be done. Moreover, MDQ readings show considerable potential for being useful tools in colostrum management systems to improve calf health in dairy farms.
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    Serum Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine, and Thyroid Stimulating HormoneConcentrations of Domestic Female Cats at Different Reproductive Stages
    (2020) Kabakçı, Ruhi; Elifoğlu, Taha Burak
    Thyroid hormones have various roles in different physiological systems in the body. Thus, thyroid dysfunction is common in cats, in this study, we aimed to determine the normal values of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood of female cats at different phases of the estrous cycle. Queens were divided into three groups as estrous (n=14), diestrus (n=12), and interestrus (n=10) according to findings of vaginal cytology, ovarian inspection, and serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations. Blood samples were collected before the ovariohysterectomy, and the obtained sera were analyzed for free T3, free T4, TSH, E2, and P4. The results showed that the highest T3 and T4 concentrations were found in cats at interestrus while the lowest T3 and T4 concentrations were found at diestrus and estrus, respectively. The level of TSH in all cats was below the detection limit of the assay. The mean concentrations of thyroid-related hormones in each group showed non-significant variations (P>0.05). The correlation between ovarian and thyroidal hormones was not statistically significant (P>0.05). In conclusion, it is required to further comprehensive/experimental studies to exhibit the interaction between ovarium and thyroid gland because of its importance.
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    Unusual localization of squamous cell carcinoma clinically mimicking mammary carcinoma in an Akkaraman sheep
    (2022) Elifoğlu, Taha Burak; Turkmen, Merve Biskin; Macun, Hasan Ceyhun; Kul, Oguz
    Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant epithelial tumor of skin. All species of animals are vulnerable to SCC and, sheep are very rarely developing this type of skin carcinoma. The purpose of this report was to describe unusual mammary lobe localization of SCC showing a great resemblance to the mammary tumor according to its gross and clinical examinations. The patient was brought to obstetrics and gynaecology department and, tumoral tissue was totally extirpated with a suspicion of mammary tumor. The diagnosis made as differentiated squamous cell carcinoma originated from the skin surface and invading through the dermis and subcutis but mammary gland parenchyma was remained intact. There are only few reports of SCC cases belonging to the skin of the mammary area in sheep. Therefore, it is thought that this case will make a scientific contribution with its originality and rarity.