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    Assessment of frontal lobe functions in schizophrenia, depression and alcohol dependence
    (2005) Erberk-Özen, Nurper; Yüksel, Nevzat; Boratav, Cumhur; Karakaş, Sirel
    Objective: Schizophrenia, depression and alcohol dependence are major psychiatric diagnostic disorders that have a tendency for a chronic course. The effects of these disorders on brain structure and associated cognitive functions have been studied. The aim of this study was examine frontal lobe functions with two neuropsychological tests, which have been thought to be sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction. Method: The sample consisted of 160 subjects, 40 in each of the diagnostic groups and a control group. The ages of the subjects varied between 20 and 55. Neurocognitive characteristics were assessed by Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Stroop Test-TBAG Form (ST-TBAG). Subjects with extreme scores were not included in statistical analyses. Since an influence of education and age on the scores was observed, analyses of covariance were used for the statistical analyses, in which the education and age were entered as a covariate variable. Results: The statistical results showed significant differences between the groups for the WCST total number of errors (WCST 2), number of completed categories (WCST 4), number of scores concerned with perseveration (WCST 5, 6, 7, 8), number of scores concerned with conceptual level responses (WCST 10 and 11) and the duration of time evaluations in ST (ST 1a, 3a, 4a and 5a). Conclusion: In general, the findings of cognitive functions in schizophrenia and alcohol dependence were similar, and the scores of both were lower than in the depression and control group.
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    Assessment of psychiatric diagnosis, alexithymia, temperament and character of patients with irritable bowel syndrome
    (2007) Taymur, Ibrahim; Erberk-Özen, Nurper; Boratav, Cumhur; Güliter, Sefa
    Objective: It is well documented that there is a strong relationship with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and stress. Indeed IBS is a psychosomatic disease of gastrointestinal system. In this study it is aimed to determine the anxiety and alexithymia levels and their association with temperament, and personality in both patient and healthy control groups. Method: Thirty-four patients with IBS according to Roma II Diagnostic Criteria and 32 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Patients with IBS and the healthy subjects were evaluated by DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory-II (STAI-II) and Toronto Alexithymia Scale-26 (TAS-26) have been applied. Results: Mean age of patients with IBS was 36.41±8.5 and average period of the illness was 6.65±5.8 years. 76.5% of IBS patients had at least one DSM-IV diagnoses. In IBS patient group, mean STAI-II score were significantly higher than the control group (p=0.001 and p=0.007, respectively). Among TCI subscales harm avoidance (HA) and self-transcendence (ST) mean score were significantly higher in IBS patient group than healthy controls (p=0.023 and p=0.039, respectively). The result of backward condition logistic regression analysis of total HA and total ST points in the sixth step were found to be a significant predictors of IBS's existence (in the sixth step it was found that 2 log likelihood: 80.615 and R 2=0.181). Conclusion: With respect to these psychiatric disorders or temperamental and characteristic properties they can have a role in occurrence and exacerbation of IBS.
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    Executive dysfunctions and depression in Behcet's disease without explicit neurological involvement
    (Wiley, 2006) Erberk-Özen, Nurper; Birol, Ahu; Boratav, Cumhur; Koçak, Mukadder
    This study aims to assess the executive functions and depression status in patients with Behcet's disease without explicit neurological involvement and to evaluate cognitive functions in this group of patients independent of accompanying depression. In the present study, 30 patients with Behcet's disease in the non-active phase of their illness and 30 healthy volunteers were included. In the evaluation of depression levels, Beck Depression Inventory was employed. The executive functions of the patients were evaluated by Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Stroop Test (ST). Beck Depression Inventory scores measured in the Behcet's disease group, in which no clinically serious depression was observed, were higher than the control group. Then, it was observed that the scores of neuropsychological tests of the Behcet's disease group were found to be significantly lower, especially in WCST, while significant relations were revealed between Beck Depression Inventory scores and WCST, ST scores. The authors' findings suggest that there may be factors other than depression causing executive impairment in patients with Behcet's disease without explicit neurological symptoms. Executive dysfunctions may occur in association with mild depressive states due to chronic disease stress or silent and/or future neurological involvement of Behcet's disease, especially in the frontal lobes.