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    Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate for reduction of aflatoxin in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
    (M H Schaper Gmbh Co Kg, 2007) Sehu, A.; Ergün, L.; Cakır, S.; Ergün, E.; Cantekin, Z.; Şahin, T.; Yigit, Y.
    The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the toxic effects of aflatoxin (AF) on growth performance and various processing parameters of quails and to determine the preventive efficacy of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS). One hundred and eighty 1-d-old quails of both sexes were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups with 5 replicates and 45 birds following weighing.The experimental design consisted of four dietary treatments: 1) control with 0 mg AF/kg of diet and 0 % HSCAS; 2) 0.5 % HSCAS; 3) 2.5 mg AF/kg of diet; 4) 2.5 mg AF/kg of diet plus 0.5 % HSCAS.The chicks were housed in electrically heated battery cages and exposed to light for 24 h from hatching to 3 weeks of age. Quails consumed the diets and water od libitum. Body weight (BW) was significantly (p < 0.001) increased by addition of HSCAS to AF diet. The lowest BW gains in groups received AF alone was observed at all periods. The reduction in BW gain caused by 2.5 mg AF/kg of diet was significantly (p < 0.001) diminished by the addition of 0.5 % HSCAS to the diet. The addition of HSCAS to the AF diet significantly (p < 0.001) protected against decrease of feed intake at all periods with exception of the first period. None of the treatments altered significantly the feed conversion ratio (FCR).The relative weights of the liver, kidney and spleen were increased in the chickens consuming the AF alone diet. However, light microscopic examination demonstrated the addition of HSCAS to quail feed to partially decrease fat deposition caused by the toxin, and besides, electron microscopic examination of indicated a reorganization in the encloplasmic reticulum and increase in the number of ribosomes and polisomes. Furthermore, the decrease in the antibody titre induced by Newcastle vaccine, due to aflatoxins, was relatively prevented. No significant differences were observed for serum total protein, total cholesterol and glucose levels. The results of indicate that HSCAS is effective in preventing the deleterious effects of AF
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    Light and electron microscopic morphology of Paneth cells in the sheep small intestine
    (Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2003) Ergün, E.; Ergun, L.; Asti, R.N.; Kürüm, A.
    The aim of the study was to describe the light and electron microscopic morphology of Paneth cells in the sheep small intestine, as well as their histochemical properties, location and numerical distribution. Samples from the small intestine: duodenum, jejunum and ileum, of 7 healthy adult sheep were studied. The Paneth cells are located in the crypts of Lieberkuhn and are more numerous in the base and neck of the crypts than in the higher parts. They are characterised by a basal nucleus, and acidophilic apical granules. Granules are larger in Paneth cells located in the deep portions of crypts. The numerical distribution of Paneth cells is heterogeneous along the small intestine, with higher density in the jejunum, and decreasing densities in the duodenum and ileum. The difference between the three regions of the small intestine is statistically significant (p < 0.01). Although homogeneous by light microscopy, apical granules proved to be of different electron densities by transmission electron microscopy.
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    Ultrastructure of pancreatic alpha and beta cells in young quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) fed aflatoxin
    (M H Schaper Gmbh Co Kg, 2007) Şimşek, Nejdet; Ergün, Levent; Ergün, E.; Alabay, B.; Özen, A.
    The present investigation was undertaken to assess the effects of aflatoxin (AF) containing diets on alpha and beta cells of the endocrine pancreas in young quails by means of light and electron microscopy. A total of thirty quails were divided into 3 groups, each comprising 10 animals. Total AF was incorporated into the diet of these groups, at dosages of 0 (control, group 1), 2.5 (group 2), and 5.0 (group 3) mg AF/kg feed. The chicks were housed in electrically heated battery cages and exposed to light for 24 h from hatching to 3 weeks of age. Quails consumed the diets and water ad libitum. Electron microscopic examinations demonstrated degranulation of alpha cells, decrease in the size and number of secreting granules, and increase in the number of free ribosomes and polisomes in the animals of group 2 and 3. In beta cells, the numbers of free ribosomes and polisomes decreased, whereas the number of mature granules increased in the animals of group 3. Mononuclear cell infiltrates were observed in the periphery of capillaries and around endocrine islets in the experimental groups. Furthermore, capillaries of the animals in group 2 and 3 were dilated at all sides of both alpha and beta islets. According to the results of this study, the addition of aflatoxin to the diets of quails at dosage of 2.5 and 5 mg AF/kg leads to significant changes in pancreatic alpha and beta cells. These changes may exhibit adverse effect on the metabolism of carbohydrates in poultry.