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    The effects of experimental aflatoxicosis on the exocrine pancreas in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2007) Şimşek, Nejdet; Ergun, Levent; Ergun, Emel; Alabay, Belma; Essiz, Dinc
    The present investigation was undertaken to assess the effects of aflatoxin (AF) on the exocrine pancreas in quails by means of light and electron microscopy. A total of 30 quails were divided into three groups, each composed of ten animals. Total AF was incorporated into the diet of these groups, at doses of 0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg of AF/kg feed, ppm, respectively. The quails were raised in cages with electrical heating and 24-h lighting for a period of 3 weeks. Ad libitum access was provided to feed and drinking water. Pancreas samples were taken for light and electron microscopic examination from animals that were killed by means of cervical dislocation at the end of the study. Light microscopic examination demonstrated mild mononuclear cell infiltration of exocrine tissue and vacuolisation of acinar cells in the group fed on AF at 2.5 ppm. On the other hand, electron microscopic examination demonstrated degranulation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) of acinar cells, decrease in the number of zymogen granules and free ribosomes and polisomes, and dilatation of capillaries in the group fed on AF at a dose of 2.5 ppm. Numerous degenerative acinar cells were determined in the group fed a diet containing 5.0 ppm AF, in addition to the findings common with the other group exposed to the toxin.
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    Histomorphology of the Brunner's Glands in the Angora Rabbit
    (Medwell Online, 2010) Ergun, Emel; Ergun, Levent; Ozen, Asuman; Kurum, Aytul; Bayraktaroglu, Alev Guerol
    The study was aimed to demonstrate the distribution, morphological and histochemical properties of Brunner's glands in the small intestine of the Angora rabbit. The duodenum of 10 healthy animals of both sexes constituted the material of the study. The glands were composed of acini densely packed within the submucosa. The Brunner's glands contained two types of cells, namely, serous and mucous cells. Histochemical examination revealed that the mucous glands and secretory ducts did not react with the Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) stain, while serous glands were weakly PAS-positive. Furthermore, muscous glands reacted positively with alcian blue pH 2.5. When applied the combined aldehyde fuchsin-alcian blue pH 2.5 staining procedure, mucous glands were determined to be aldehyde fuchsin (-) and alcian blue (+). These results showed that while a limited amount of neutral carbohydrates was secreted in serous glands, the secretion of the ducts and mucous cells of the duodenal glands in the Angora rabbit was composed of acidic carbohydates with this staining properties of the duodenal secretion. Electron microscopic examination revealed the cytoplasm of mucous gland cells to be filled with electron light secretion granules. Fewer electron dense granules were determined to be present among these electron light granules. The electron dense granules were found within the apical cytoplasm of serous glands.
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    Light and electron microscopic investigations on the endocrine pancreas in Angora rabbit
    (Ankara Univ Press, 2010) Simsek, Nejdet; Ergun, Emel; Ergun, Levent
    The endocrine pancreas of the Angora rabbits (10 healthy adult) was examined in this study using histochemistry and electron microscopy. Pancreas samples taken rabbits were fixed in Bouin, Carnoy, and gluteraldehyde-paraformaldehyde solutions. Although, two endocrine cell types was determined in sections of pancreas staining as histochemical by aldehyde fuchsine light green orange G (AF), endocrine islets were constituted by A, B and D cells in electron microscopical examination. The centre of the Langerhans islets were occupied predominantly by B cells stained purple-violet and surrounded a few by A cells stained yellowish-green. Secretory granules of A cells generally were spherical and high electron-dense whereas in the cytoplasm of B cells were determined high electron-dense and low electron- dens granules, have a halo between the membrane and their content. D cells were observed contain to round two kinds of secretory granules, have high electron-dense and low electron-dense material, but smaller than those A and B cell types. In conclusion, the endocrine pancreas of the Angora rabbits were constituted by numerously B cells, a few A cells, and infrequently D cells.
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    Morphological studies on ovarian mast cells in the cow
    (Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-Tubitak, 2007) Özen, Asuman; Ergun, Levent; Ergun, Emel; Şimşek, Nejdet
    This study was conducted on cows in the estrual and luteal phases of the cycle to determine the staining properties, light and electron microscopic appearance and numerical distribution of mast cells from various areas of the ovary. The material for the study comprised ovarian specimen taken from 14 cows, 7 in the luteal phase and 7 in the estrual phase of the sexual cycle. Specimens were taken from 3 different areas of the ovaries, including those surrounding the corpus luteum, the graafian follicle and the medulla. From all 3 areas, mast cells were demonstrated as metachromatic staining after treatment of paraffin- embedded sections with toluidine blue and as Ab(+)/ SO(-) by the combined alcian blue/ safranine O (Ab/ SO) stain. In the electron microscopic studies, the mast cells were observed to have 2 types of granules, namely homogeneously dense granules and tiny particulate granules. All 3 regions of the ovary were observed to have higher average mast cell counts per mm 2 during the estrual phase than during the luteal phase (P < 0.001). In the estrual phase, while mast cell counts demonstrated a marked increase in the periphery of the graafian follicle, a low number of mast cells was determined in the periphery of the corpus luteum. In comparison, the medulla was demonstrated to have a much higher concentration of mast cells in the medulla than the other 2 regions of the ovarium.
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    The structural properties of vimentin positive cells in the ileum epithelium of Angora rabbit
    (Ankara Univ Press, 2010) Beyaz, Feyzullah; Ergun, Emel; Ergun, Levent; Bayraktaroglu, Alev Gurol
    The study was projected to determine immunohistochemically vimentin positive cells by using anti-vimentin primary antibody, to eludicate ultrastructurally the morphological properties of these cells and, to examined the presence of villous M cells in villi epithelia. In this study, ten healthy, adult Angora rabbits were used as a material. It was examined the ileum with and without Peyer's patches. Immunohistochemical examination revealed the mature and immature M cells within FAE's and cup cells within epithelium of villi exibitcd the positive vimentin immunoreactivity. Electron microscopical examination revealed the mature M cells surrounded the intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) by a basolateral invagination. Whereas, immature M cells and cup cells were observed to be associated with one or two intraepithelial lymphocytes without such a pocketing. No villous M cells were found within epithelia of ileal villi. In conclusion, the cup cells are similar to immature M cells associated with IEL without a intraepithelial pocketing and showed a vimentin positive immunoreaction within their cytoplasms, but these cells are not villous M cells or enterocytes.
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    Studies on the morphology, histochemistry and ultrastructure of Paneth cells in the small intestine of the Angora rabbit
    (Ankara Univ Press, 2009) Ergun, Emel; Ergun, Levent; Ozen, Asuman; Kurum, Aytul
    The present study was undertaken to determine the morphology, histochemical properties, localization and quantitative distribution of Paneth cells in the small intestine of the Angora rabbit. Tissue samples taken from the duodenum. jejunum and ileum of 10 healthy Angora rabbits, obtained from private breeders, constituted the material of the study. The Paneth cells, which were determined to be located within the crypts of Lieberkuhn, were identified on their basally located nucleus and apically located acidophilic granules. These granules gave positive reactions with Mallory's triple staining, technique as well as with the application of Phloxine-tartrazine, Alcian blue-performic acid and Mallory's phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin method. Staining with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Alcian blue (pH 2.5), and PAS-Alcian blue gave negative reactions. Paneth cells were determined not to display a uniform distribution throughout the small intestine and cell numbers were ascertained to show a gradual increase from the duodenum towards the ileum. The difference between the three regions of the small intestine was determined to he statistically significant (p<0.01). Electron microscopic examination revealed the presence of electron-dense and homogenous granules in the apical cytoplasm of some Paneth cells, whereas homogenous granules of different electron density existed in some other cells.