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    Effect of seasonal water temperature variation on the blood serums thyroid hormone levels of juvenile chub fishes (Squalius cappadocicus)
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2020) Ozeren, Saniye C.; Kankilic, Gokben B.; Erkmen, Belda; Polat, Huseyin; Pehlivan, Erkan
    In this study, the seasonal change (varying with water temperature) of thyroid hormones [Total triiodothyronine (TT3) and Total thyroxine (TT4)] in the blood serums of juvenile chub fish (Squalius cappadocicus) has been investigated. The research has been conducted on the chub fish caught in Melendiz Stream (Aksaray) at different times (2010 - April, June, July, and November; 2011 - February and March). As a result of the hormonal analyses on blood serums, TT3 and TT4 levels have shown meaningful changes (p < 0.05) inversely proportional to the water temperature. It made us think that this change is due to adaptation decreased/increased metabolic (energy) activity provided by the fishes against temperature stress.
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    In vitro and in vivo effects of commercial and environmental microplastics on Unio delicatus
    (Springer, 2024) Yuce, Pinar Arslan; Gunal, Aysel Caglan; Erkmen, Belda; Yurdakok-Dikmen, Begum; Cagan, Ali Serhan; Cirak, Tamer; Kankilic, Gokben Basaran
    Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous pollutants in freshwater environments. In this study, freshwater mussels, Unio delicatus, were exposed to both environmental MPs (e-MP) and commercial MPs (c-MP) that include green fluorescent MP (gf-MP), polyethylene (c-PE) and polystyrene (c-PS) at environmental concentrations (5 mg/L and 50 mg/L) over duration of 7 and 30 days. According to in vivo experiment results, both e-MPs and c-MPs induced significant changes in the total hemocyte counts of mussels (p < 0.05). Exposure to high concentrations of e-MPs and c-MPs for 7 days led to decreased cellular glutathione levels in the mussels, while exposure to low concentrations of e-MPs and c-PS for 7 days resulted in increased advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP). Mussels exposed to high concentrations of e-MPs for 30 days exhibited decreases in both glutathione levels and AOPP values. Although no damage was observed in tissues other than gills and digestive gland, histopathological alterations were observed in these tissues following exposure to 50 mg/L c-MPs. Additionally, MPs were observed in the intestine tissues. In vitro experiments using the MTT assay showed no significant difference in cell viability between the MP-exposed group and the control group at tested concentrations, with no observed dose-response relationship (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, certain cells exhibited signs of cell death, such as disrupted cellular structures, condensed nuclei, and loss of cellular integrity. These observations were consistent with mechanical compression, indicating that physical contact with MPs may result in cell damage or death. These findings demonstrate that environmentally relevant concentrations of MPs have toxic effects on freshwater mussels and multiple parameters provide valuable insight for the evaluation of health risks of organisms.
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    Öğe
    Size-selective microplastic uptake by freshwater organisms: Fish, mussel, and zooplankton
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Kankilic, Gokben Basaran; Koraltan, Idris; Erkmen, Belda; Cagan, Ali Serhan; Cirak, Tamer; Ozen, Mihriban; Seyfe, Melike
    Microplastics, as an emergent pollutant, have garnered substantial attention within aquatic environments, yet a significant knowledge gap persists regarding the interplay of organism size and pollution impacts on microplastic uptake in freshwater ecosystems. The main aim of the current study is to assess the microplastic ingestion by aquatic organisms across diverse trophic levels. To achieve this objective, zooplankton, mussels (Anodonta anatina), and fish (Carassius gibelio) were collected from the highly polluted Susurluk River Basin in Turkiye. The size distribution encompassed 160.8 & PLUSMN; 56.9 & mu;m for the prevailing zooplankton, 6.9 & PLUSMN; 2.2 cm for mussel, and 20.4 & PLUSMN; 3.1 cm for fish, respectively. While no microplastic ingestion was observed among zooplankton, the finding highlights the influence of body-size and pollution on microplastic ingestion. In contrast, A. anatina and C. gibelio contained 617 and 792 microplastic particles, respectively. Predominantly, fibers emerged as the most prevalent microplastic type across trophic levels (except zooplankton) followed by films. Notably, only fish exhibited fragments within their gastrointestinal tract. A substantial correlation emerged between microplastic abundance and mussel size and weight, but no such correlation manifested for fish. The study also revealed a positive link between microplastic count and turbidity (phosphate and high Chl a level), impacting mussel ingestion capacity due to the variability in the food availability and potential shifts in feeding preferences. Conversely, no distinct pattern emerged for fish concerning water quality parameters and ingested microplastics. Consequently, our study underscores diverse microplastic uptake patterns in freshwater ecosystems, with a predominant frequency of microplastics falling with the 0.3 mm-3.0 mm range, emphasizing the significance of size-selective uptake by organisms.