Yazar "Erol, Dervis" seçeneğine göre listele
Listeleniyor 1 - 18 / 18
Sayfa Başına Sonuç
Sıralama seçenekleri
Öğe The effect of ethanol-gasoline blends on performance and exhaust emissions of a spark ignition engine through exergy analysis(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2017) Dogan, Battal; Erol, Dervis; Yaman, Hayri; Kodanli, EvrenEthanol which is considered as an environmentally cleaner alternative to fossil fuels is used on its own or blended with other fuels in different ratios. In this study, ethanol which has high octane rating, low exhaust emission, and which is easily obtained from agricultural products has been used in fuels prepared by blending it with gasoline in various ratios (E0, E10, E20, and E30). Ethanol-gasoline blends have been used in a four-cylinder four-stroke spark ignition engine for performance and emission analysis under full load. In the experimental studies, engine torque, fuel and cooling water flow rates, and exhaust and engine surface temperature have been measured. Engine energy distribution, irreversible processes in the cooling system and the exhaust, and the exergy distribution have been calculated using the experimental data and the formulas for the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Experiments and theoretical calculations showed that ethanol added fuels show reduction in carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions without significant loss of power compared to gasoline. But it was measured that the reduction of the temperature inside the cylinder increases the hydrocarbon (HC) emission. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of various long-chain alcohols as alternative fuel additives on exergy and cost in a spark-ignition engine(Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, 2022) Dogan, Battal; Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir; Erol, Dervis; Yaman, HayriThis paper deals with exergy and exergoeconomic analyses of gasoline-hexanol and gasoline-heptanol blends as alternative additives were performed in a spark-ignition engine at a constant speed (1,600 rpm). Fuel cost rate, cost per unit of exergy for power, cost rate of total exergy loss, exergonomic factor, and relative cost difference were calculated. The lowest cost of the power acquired from the engine for G100, HEX20 and HP20 at 5 kW was $0.122/MJ, $0.656/MJ and $1.042/MJ, respectively, and the corresponding fuel cost rates were $1.07/h, $5.2/h and $8.26/h, respectively.Öğe Energy and exergy analyses of skipped cycle mode in a single-cylinder engine fuelled with diesel and natural gas(Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, 2022) Tuncer, Erdal; Dogan, Battal; Sandalci, Tarkan; Erol, DervisIn this study, performance and exhaust emissions were examined experimentally at different engine loads (25%, 50%, and 75%) at a constant speed of 1,500 rpm using pure diesel before modifications and pure natural gas (NG100) after modifications. Furthermore, experimental studies were conducted under 2 normal-1 skipped cycle (2N1S) and 3 normal-1 skipped cycle (3N1S) conditions using pure natural gas as a fuel in a converted spark-ignition engine. In the present study, energy and exergy analyses were performed using the performance and exhaust emission values obtained from experiments. As a result of the energy analysis, effective thermal efficiency values of 39.46% and 34.37% were found in diesel and natural gas fuels, respectively, at an engine load of 75% without cycle skipping. It was observed that the effective thermal efficiency value reached the maximum value of 35.99% in case of cycle skipping in natural gas and at an engine load of 50%.Öğe Evaluation of the use of diesel-biodiesel-hexanol fuel blends in diesel engines with exergy analysis and sustainability index(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Erol, Dervis; Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir; Yaman, Hayri; Dogan, BattalThe present research examined the usability of diesel-biodiesel and diesel-biodiesel-hexanol fuel blends as an alternative to diesel fuel in a compression ignition engine. Energy and exergy analyses were conducted using the data obtained from the engine tests. In addition, the sustainability index was calculated. When selecting the most suitable fuel for diesel fuel, thermal and exergy efficiency and sustainability index values were compared. The obtained results revealed that the most suitable alternative fuel for diesel fuel was the diesel-biodiesel binary fuel blend. In this fuel blend, thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency, and sustainability index values are 3.8, 5.18, and 1.44 % higher, respectively, compared to pure diesel fuel at an engine load of 100 %. As the alcohol ratio in-creases in diesel-biodiesel-hexanol ternary blends, the sustainability index value decreases compared to diesel fuel. As the hexanol ratio increases in fuel blends, the sustainability index decreases. The highest sustainability index for ternary fuel blends is 1.26 at 100 % engine load in B45H10 fuel. The increase in engine load increases the sustainability index and exergy efficiency in all fuel blends.Öğe Exergy analysis of fusel oil as an alternative fuel additive for spark ignition engines(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Ustun, Suleyman; Dogan, Battal; Erol, DervisThe present study conducted performance and exhaust emission tests of fuel blends prepared using gasoline and waste fusel oil at full load and different engine speeds in a spark-ignition engine. Additionally, energy, exergy, and exergoeconomic analyses were carried out using engine performance and exhaust emission values. In engine tests, the highest brake specific fuel consumption obtained was 433.12 g/kWh in F50 fuel at an engine speed of 3500 rpm. The brake specific fuel consumption of G100 fuel was 364.46 g/kWh at the same engine speed. Adding waste fusel oil into fuel blends was observed to reduce carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon , and nitrogen oxide emissions. According to the thermodynamic analysis results, an increase in the ratio of fusel oil in fuel blends reduces thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency. The ratio of fusel oil in fuel blends positively affects exergy destruction. The lowest exergy destruction was calculated as 16.47 kW in F50 fuel at an engine speed of 1500 rpm. As the fusel oil ratio in fuel blends increases, the unit cost of exergy of useful work of the fuel blends decreases. The lowest cost is 6.195 $/GJ at 1500 rpm in F50 fuel. The low pump price of waste fusel oil indicates its advantages over gasoline in exergoeconomic analysis results.Öğe Exergy, exergoeconomic, and exergoenviroeconomic evaluations of the use of diesel/fusel oil blends in compression ignition engines(Elsevier, 2022) Dogan, Battal; Ozer, Salih; Erol, DervisIn this study, experimentally investigated effects of fuel blends obtained using fusel oil and diesel fuel in different proportions on exhaust emissions and engine performance in a four-stroke, CI engine. The engine experiments contucted of two stages. Firstly, it was attempted to determine the maximum amount of fusel oil that could be added to diesel fuel. The blends obtained to this end were tested in a diesel engine, and it was observed that there was a maximum rate of 37% that would work without any problems. After blending 63% diesel and 37% fusel oil, the test engine does not run if the fusel oil ratio in fuel blends is increased. Afterward, experiments were performed at different engine speeds (1250-3000 rpm) in the full load conditions with the fuel blends created (D100, F5, F10, F20, F30, and F37). Additionally, exergy, energy, and exorgoeconomic analyses were carried out using engine performance and exhaust emission values acquired in experimental studies. It was stated that addition of fusel oil to fuel blends increased fuel consumption. If the engine ran at a speed of 2250 rpm, there was 17% more fuel consumption in F37 fuel than D100 fuel. In fuel blends using fusel oil, NOx, CO2, and soot emissions are lower in comparison with D100 fuel. In this research, it was observed that the addition of fusel oil to diesel exhibited a significant decrease in NO x and CO2 emissions but created a significant increase in particulate matter, CO and HC emissions. A parallel increase occurred in exergy losses in engine due to increase in fusel oil in blends. The highest exergy destruction was calculated as 22 kW in F37 fuel at 3250 rpm. As the ratio of fusel oil in fuel blends increases, the useful power cost and the cost of CO2 released into the atmosphere decrease.Öğe Exergy, exergoeconomic, and sustainability analyses of a diesel engine using biodiesel fuel blends containing nanoparticles(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Dogan, Battal; Celik, Mehmet; Bayindirli, Cihan; Erol, DervisThe current paper investigated in detail the influence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver oxide (Ag2O) nanoparticles additives into biodiesel fuel obtained from cottonseed oil in terms of performance and emissions. The fuel blends formed by nanoparticles with biodiesel fuel were evaluated from a different perspective with energy, exergy, and exergoeconomic analyses by utilizing the data from the experiments. Thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency increase when nanoparticles were mixed to the biodiesel fuel. Total exergy losses in fuel blends decrease with the nanoparticle additives. When the engine torque was 40 Nm, the total exergy losses for C100, CAg-75, and CTi-75 test fuels were 14.49 kW, 13.91 kW, and 12.17 kW, respectively. The total exergy loss in D100 fuel was calculated as 12.04 kW under the same conditions. The sustainability indexes for D100 and CTi-75 fuels at an engine torque of 40 Nm were 1.626 and 1.620, respectively. Due to the high price of nanoparticles, test fuels with nanoparticles have a higher cost per unit exergy for engine work than pure biodiesel fuel. Hence, it is essential to decrease the cost of nanoparticle production to expand the using of nanoparticle additives in biodiesel.Öğe Investigation on 1-heptanol as an oxygenated additive with diesel fuel for compression-ignition engine applications: An approach in terms of energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, enviroeconomic, and sustainability analyses(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2020) Dogan, Battal; Cakmak, Abdulvahap; Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir; Erol, DervisStudies on alternative and environmentally friendly fuels for compression-ignition engines continue intensively. In this work, energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, enviroeconomic, and sustainability analyses have been conducted by evaluating performance and emission values obtained by operating with different ratios of 1-heptanol/diesel blends (Hp0, Hp5, Hp10, and Hp20) as novel fuels under a constant speed (1500 rpm) with different engine loads (25%, 50%, 75%, and full load) in a single-cylinder, four-stroke, water-cooled, direct-injection, compression-ignition engine. In the test engine, energy and exergy efficiencies and losses, energetic and exergetic powers, irreversibility, and destruction of the exergy for the aforementioned fuel blends have been calculated and compared with pure diesel fuel. In the tests, the highest fuel consumption was determined as 0.221 kg/kWh in HP20 fuel at 100% load because 1-heptanol has lower calorific value than that of neat diesel fuel. The energy efficiency values in different loads of diesel engine for all fuel blends (Hp0-Hp20) have been calculated to be as between 14.46% and 40.72% along with the corresponding exergy efficiency values have been found to be as between 13.43% and 37.79%. By performing emission measurements, the highest CO2 emission cost has been calculated as 66.94 USD/year at a 100% load in Hp10 fuel according to the enviroeconomic analysis. In this present research, by implementing the exergoeconomic analysis, the highest engine output power cost at a load of 25% has been noted to be at 1.6 USD/MJ for Hp20 blend. Sustainability analysis has been determined according to the SI index, and the highest index was calculated to be 1.6 at a 100% load for Hp0 fuel.Öğe A review development of rhombic drive mechanism used in the Stirling engines(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2017) Erol, Dervis; Yaman, Hayri; Dogan, BattalStirling engines, unlike internal combustion engines, are engines that generate power by using any type of heat energy source. In these engines, air, helium, and hydrogen are generally preferred as the working fluid. In terms of environment, Stirling engines have lower NOx, HC, and CO emission. The drive mechanisms vary according to the type of the engine. Suitable drive mechanisms need to be designed to obtain high power output from the engine. This study chronologically examines the efforts of development in Stirling engines. Stirling, Ericsson, and Carnot theoretical cycles are compared and their theoretical efficiency is show to be equal. It is shown that the thermodynamic properties of working fluids used in Stirling engines change according to the temperature. The effect of the working fluids on the engine's performance is discussed. The drive mechanisms used in Stirling engine throughout the historical development is studied in details. Theoretical and experimental studies performed on rhombic drive mechanisms that are distinguished among the drive mechanisms used in such engines by their advantages are examined. The rhombic drive mechanism is firstly used in Stirling engines by the Philips Company in 1953. After this date, the applications of the rhombic drive mechanism in various engines with different characteristics were assessed in terms of performance by companies and researchers. The comparison with other drive mechanisms shows that rhombic drive mechanism is the most suited drive mechanism for beta-type Stirling engines.Öğe The assessment of fusel oil in a compression-ignition engine in the perspective of the waste to energy concept: investigation of the performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Erol, Dervis; Yaman, Hayri; Dogan, Battal; Yesilyurt, Murat KadirFusel oil can be obtained from all agricultural products containing sugar, as well as from starchy products such as corn and potatoes, and from cellulosic products such as sulfite liquor, which is a wood and paper mill residue. Fusel oil is produced as a waste product during the production of bioethyl alcohol or biomethyl alcohol from sugar beet pulp remaining during sugar production in Turkey. In this study, alternative fuel blends prepared by infusing 5, 10, 15, and 20% of fusel oil to diesel (DF) by volume were tested in a single-cylinder, diesel engine at 1500 rpm and different loads, and thus, engine performance, pollutant emissions, and combustion characteristics were determined and compared with reference diesel. As a result, since fusel oil has lower calorific values than diesel, alcohol fuel blends caused a decrease in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and an increase in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). It was observed that carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and smoke emissions decreased significantly with addition of FUSEL oil to diesel while carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O-2) emissions, which are an indicator of complete combustion, increased. This occurred since oxygen molecules in chemical structure of fusel oil improved emissions. Concerning combustion characteristics, it was observed that addition of fusel oil to baseline diesel generally increased in figures of in-cylinder pressure and net heat release rate. Moreover, it was determined that alcohol fuel blends generally increased ignition delay time compared to diesel due to their low cetane numbers. When all experimental results are evaluated, it can be said that fusel oil additive significantly reduces exhaust emissions without considerably affecting combustion and performance characteristics.Öğe The effects of different channel geometries in the displacer cylinder, working fluids, and engine speed on the energy and exergy performance characteristics of a ?-type Stirling engine with a slider-crank drive mechanism(Sage Publications Ltd, 2023) Dogan, Battal; Erol, Dervis; Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir; Yaman, HayriStirling engines are power generation systems working with the external heating principle and converting heat energy into mechanical energy. In this study, thermodynamic analyses were performed using the data of performance tests in which helium, nitrogen, and air were utilized as working fluids in a beta-type Stirling engine with a swept volume of 365 cm(3) and a slider-crank drive mechanism. Moreover, the impact of different channel geometries in the displacer cylinder on engine power was revealed. In the study, three displacer cylinders, smooth, 66-slot channel, and 120-slot channel displacer cylinders, were used. Performance tests were conducted at five charge pressures varying between 1 and 5 bar, with the hot end temperature of 1000 +/- 10K and the cold end temperature of 300 +/- 5K. The heat transferred to the hot zone, thermal losses and efficiency were calculated in the energy analysis. The highest thermal efficiency was 45.50% when a 120-slot channel displacer cylinder was used with helium as the working fluid. Thermal efficiency values were 32.87% and 32.60% for nitrogen and air, respectively, under the same conditions. Entropy generation, exergy destruction, and exergy efficiency were calculated in the exergy analysis. The lowest exergy destruction was obtained using a 120-slot channel displacer cylinder with helium as the working fluid. Furthermore, the impact of engine speed on exergy efficiency was determined.Öğe The examination of performance characteristics of a beta-type Stirling engine with a rhombic mechanism: The influence of various working fluids and displacer piston materials(Wiley, 2021) Erol, Dervis; Caliskan, SinanIn this study, to develop a power generation system that can use renewable energy resources more efficiently, a beta-type Stirling engine with rhombic mechanism was designed and manufactured. Kinematic and thermodynamic analyses of a beta-type Stirling engine were performed numerically in the Fortran program. Volume and pressure changes depending on crankshaft angle of Stirling engine were made using the isothermal analysis. The effects of the basic parameters related to engine performance, such as working fluid mass, charge pressure, heater, and coolant temperatures, on the net work amount were investigated. Five different gases, including helium, air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and argon, were used as a working fluid in experimental studies. The effects of all these gases on engine performance characteristics were examined at charge pressures of 1 to 5 bar for two different displacer pistons made of stainless steel and titanium material. The performance characteristics of Stirling engine manufactured were tested using a specially designed electrical heater, at 727 degrees C hot end and 27 degrees C cold end temperature, depending on engine speed. In all experimental studies, maximum power output was acquired to be 215.48 W, at 4 bar and 550 rpm when a stainless steel displacer piston and helium gas as a working fluid were used, and maximum torque value was acquired to be 7.54 Nm, at 5 bar and 150 rpm. The lowest engine power output among maximum engine powers was acquired to be 34.66 W when argon gas was used as a working fluid at 3 bar and 300 rpm, using a displacer piston made of titanium material. Maximum power output acquired in the experimental studies using a stainless steel displacer piston and helium; it was determined that it is 72.12%, 73.69%, 241.49%, and 288.81% higher than the engine power acquired by nitrogen, air, carbon dioxide, and argon gases, respectively.Öğe The experimental investigation of performance behaviors of a beta-type Stirling engine with bell-crank motion mechanism(Sage Publications Ltd, 2024) Erol, DervisThe current study aims to develop a novel power generation system that is capable of working with a Stirling engine. Within this context, a beta-type Stirling engine design has been created with a bell-crank motion mechanism and a 365 cm3 swept volume. The engine has been manufactured, and then a detailed assessment has been conducted to determine the impact of the motion mechanism on engine performance characteristics. The designed and manufactured engine has been tested using a range of working fluids, such as air, argon, carbon dioxide, helium, and nitrogen gases. The performance tests of this engine have been carried out at 1000 K (+/- 10) heater and 300 K (+/- 5) coolant temperatures. Based on the outcomes of the experimental studies, the highest engine power and torque values have been obtained at a charge pressure of 4 bar using helium gas, with 143.5 W at 267 rpm and 7.75 Nm at 100 rpm, respectively. Moreover, the maximum engine power values obtained from other tests with nitrogen, air, carbon dioxide and argon gases have been compared with helium gas. Helium gas has been found to outperform nitrogen, air, carbon dioxide, and argon gases in tests by 67.3%, 73.9%, 197.1%, and 200.2%, respectively. Finally, the highest thermal efficiency value has been obtained with helium gas as 48.7% at a charge pressure of 4 bar.Öğe The experimental investigation on the impact of n-octanol in the compression-ignition engine operating with biodiesel/diesel fuel blends: exergy, exergoeconomic, environmental analyses(Springer, 2022) Cakmak, Abdulvahap; Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir; Erol, Dervis; Dogan, BattalThe use of alcohol with traditional diesel fuel in diesel engines reduces environmental damage. When the ternary mixtures obtained by adding biodiesel to diesel-alcohol fuel mixtures are used without making any changes in the compression-ignition (CI) engine, there is no significant problem in terms of performance and emissions. This research dealt energetic, exergetic, and environmental evaluation for a CI engine fueled with blends created using diesel/biodiesel/n-octanol at a constant speed of 1500 rpm and different loads (25, 50, 75, and 100%). Performance and emission values were recorded in the tests. Economic and environmental analyses were realized by using the data obtained in these tests in thermodynamic relations. The losses and efficiency of the engine were computed in the energy analysis. The highest thermal efficiency was found to be 40.6% in B20 and B20OCT5 at full load, while the lowest one was observed to be 15.77% when the engine fueled with B100 at 25% load. In the exergy analysis, exhaust exergy, exergy destroyed, and entropy generation were determined. Thermal and exergy efficiencies were parallel in all fuels depending on the load. The highest exergy efficiency was calculated to be 30.4% for B20 and B20OCT5 at full load. Lower exergy destruction was acquired for diesel fuel at full load in comparison with B20OCT20, B20OCT15 and B20OCT10. CO2 emission of fuels was used in exergy-based environmental analysis. The lowest environmental cost was determined as 3.85 $ month(-1) at 25% load in B20OCT10. The highest power cost was achieved to be 10.61 $ MJ(-1) at 25% load when the engine was run on B20OCT20. The cost of exergy losses at 25% load was computed to be 3.67 $ h(-1) for B20OCT20. While the increase in alcohol content in the blends caused a decrease in harmful pollutants, it is not economical due to the expensive pump prices. To conclude, it is to be clearly indicated that due to systematic thermodynamic, economic, and environmental analyses and the usage of n-octanol as a long-chain alcohol in the CI engine with blending diesel and biodiesel, this paper goes beyond previous efforts in the literature.Öğe The investigation of an energetic and exergetic performance characteristics of a beta-type Stirling engine with a rhombic drive mechanism(Springer Heidelberg, 2021) Erol, Dervis; Dogan, Battal; Caliskan, SinanIn this study, effects of using helium, nitrogen, air, carbon dioxide and argon gases as working fluid in a beta-type Stirling engine with rhombic drive mechanism and swept volume of 365 cm(3) on the engine performance characteristics for two different stainless steel and titanium displacer pistons at charge pressures of 1-5 bar were examined. The performance characteristics of manufactured Stirling engine were investigated at 1000 K (+/- 10 K) hot end and 300 K (+/- 5 K) cold end temperatures using a specifically designed electrical heater. Energy and exergy analyses were carried out using temperature, pressure, speed and torque values measured in performance tests. As a result of the exergy analysis, helium gas performed the best in the stainless steel displacer piston at a charge pressure of 4 bar and an engine speed of 550 rpm. Under the said conditions, 0.3726 W/K entropy generation and 195.53 W destroyed exergy were calculated in thermodynamic analysis in the helium working fluid. Furthermore, under the same conditions, helium gas achieved the highest efficiency values of 48.04% for thermal efficiency, 56.54% for exergy efficiency and 69.2% for Carnot efficiency. The lowest exergetic performance was revealed in titanium displacer piston when argon was used as working fluid.Öğe The investigation of effects on the engine performance characteristics of different channel geometries in the displacer cylinder for a beta-type Stirling engine with the slider-crank drive mechanism(Sage Publications Ltd, 2023) Yaman, Hayri; Dogan, Battal; Erol, Dervis; Yesilyurt, Murat KadirThis study was focused to develop a power generation system that could use renewable energy resources more efficiently. In accordance with this purpose, the design, manufacturing, and testing of a Stirling engine with a beta-type slider-crank drive mechanism were carried out. Helium, nitrogen, and air were utilized as working fluids, and experimental studies were performed at various charge pressures. Moreover, the effects of three different channel geometries in the displacer cylinder on the performance were researched. The maximum power was obtained as 160.5 W in a 120-slot channel displacer cylinder in the helium working fluid at a charge pressure of 4 bar and 400 rpm engine speed. The highest torque was found to be 7.92 Nm in a 66-slot channel displacer cylinder in the helium working fluid at the aforementioned charge pressure and 100 rpm engine speed. The lowest engine power output among the maximum engine powers was obtained to be 48.3 W when air was used as a working fluid at a pressure of 4 bar and an engine speed of 200 rpm, using a smooth displacer cylinder. Use of channels in the displacer cylinder and the increased number of channels had positive effects on engine performance. It was determined that the maximum engine power output obtained in the experimental studies was 46.0% and 49.86% higher in the 66-slot channel, and 120-slot channel cylinders, respectively, compared to the smooth displacer cylinder. It has been observed that when the number of channels on the displacer cylinder was increased by approximately 81.8%, an increase of approximately 2.62% was obtained in the engine power output. This situation revealed that optimization of the number of channels is important.Öğe The investigation of energy and exergy analyses in compression ignition engines using diesel/biodiesel fuel blends-a review(Springer, 2023) Dogan, Battal; Erol, DervisBiodiesel is used as an alternative fuel or fuel additive in diesel engines. In the literature, engine performance, exhaust emission, and thermodynamic analyses have been conducted using biodiesel, diesel-biodiesel, diesel-biodiesel-alcohol, and diesel-biodiesel-nanoparticle fuel blends as alternative fuels in diesel engines. The present research examined and discussed only studies related to energy and exergy analyses. Using energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, and destroyed exergy values, a distinct perspective has been given to using biodiesel as an alternative fuel. While a certain decrease occurs in engine power with biodiesel, an improvement is observed in engine emissions. Hence, the exergy efficiency of biodiesel fuel blends is lower than pure diesel fuel. Some studies in the literature have reported exergy destruction due to the use of biodiesel to be 5-15% higher than pure diesel fuel.The exergy efficiency of some biodiesel types is very low compared to diesel fuel. When nanoparticles such as Al2O3 and TiO2 are added to diesel-biodiesel fuel blends, exergy destruction in the engine decreases and, thus, the useful work increases. Whereas nanoparticles ensure a 2-5% power increase in diesel-biodiesel blends, they cause exergy destruction to decrease at the same rate. This study reviewed in detail the effects of using biodiesel fuels in diesel engines on energy and exergy performance and aimed to contribute to researchers working in this field.Öğe The investigation of environmental behaviors by energy and exergy analyses using gasoline/ethanol fuel blends(Springer, 2023) Dogan, Battal; Erol, Dervis; Ustun, SuleymanThis study aims to evaluate the use of ethanol/gasoline fuel blends in a single-cylinder spark-ignition engine with energy, exergy, exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental analysis. Test fuels (G100, E10, E20, E30, E40, E50, and E100) prepared by adding ethanol obtained from agricultural products to gasoline at different ratios were utilized in experimental studies. Thermodynamic analyses were carried out using the performance and emission data obtained from the engine tests. Thermal efficiency and exergy efficiencies were computed with energy and exergy analyses. The highest efficiencies were acquired at 2500 rpm for all fuels. The exergy efficiency of G100, E20 and E40 fuels at this engine speed is 17.13%, 15.81% and 14.62%, respectively. Furthermore, cost of engine shaft work in exergoeconomic analysis and environmental cost of shaft work in exergoenvironmental analysis were found in study. When an engine speed was 2500 rpm in E50 fuel, the cost of shaft work was 74.21 $ MJ(-1), and the environmental cost of shaft work was 59.07 $ GJ(-1). Moreover, exergoeconomic factor and exergoenvironmental factor values of fuel blends were computed. It was revealed that increased ethanol ratio in fuel blends increased economic and environmental costs. In terms of economy and environment, it can be considered appropriate that the ethanol ratio in fuel blends is between 30 and 40%. If ethanol is used higher than these rates, costs increase and fuels become uneconomical.
