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    Effects of Gypsum Apllication and Mixture Rates on Forage Yields of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis Leyss)
    (Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ, 2012) Erol, Taskin; Sevimay, Cafer Sirri
    In this study alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) which is legume forage species and smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) which is forage grass were used in order to determine the effect of different species mixture rates and increasing levels of applied gypsum on yield and yield components between 2003 and 2005 at Ankara University Agricultural Faculty, Research Farm. The experiment was established in split-plot design on three replications. Each species was seeded as monocropping and mixtures of 75% alfalfa + 25% smooth bromegrass, 50% alfalfa + 50% smooth bromegrass and 25% alfalfa + 75% smooth bromegrass into sub-plots. However four different gypsum applications (0, 10 kg da-1, 20 kg da-1 and 30 kg da-1) were placed on main plots. According to research results, mixture rates of species were found as statistically significant on green yield, hay yield, dry matter yield and crude protein yield. The highest yields were obtained the mixture of 25% alfalfa + 75% smooth bromegrass. In the mixtures while alfalfa ratio was higher on seeding, the ratio of smooth bromegrass was lower on harvest.
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    EFFECTS OF HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELD (HVEF) TREATMENTS ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF FIELD PEA (Pisum arvense L.) SEEDS
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2021) Erol, Taskin; Kara, Kamil; Yilmaz, Ozlem Ince; Dogan, Mustafa
    Field pea is an important cool-season legume crop that is grown on over 6 million hectares worldwide. P. arvense is a variety used commonly as forage pea due to its digestibility and highly nutritious content suitable for feeding livestock. Despite various types of electric field treatments are investigated for the improvement of widely consumed crops, studies are still very limited. In this study, field pea seeds were treated with HVEF of 50, 100 and 200 kV/m intensities for 3 different durations (1, 5 and 10 minutes). Germination and seedling growth parameters examined were germination percentage, root and shoot lengths and dry weights. Germination percentage was 96.25% for control, and oscillated +/- 1.5% in treatments with no significance. 50 and 100 kV/m treatments enhanced root lengths up to 10.5% in 5 min-100 kV/m treatments. Although non-significant, shoot lengths also increased especially in 100 kV/m treatments up to 16.2%. The most significant effect was determined in root dry weights which improved in all treatments of 50 and 100 kV/m except 10 min-50 kV/m treatment. 200 kV/m treatments slightly reduced the growth of seedlings. This study shows that HVEF treatments are effective in enhancing seedling growth of field pea seeds and have the potential to be used in seed technologies.
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    Evaluating the effects of different silage additives on silage quality and in vitro digestion values of the silages of leguminous and gramineous forage plants grown without fertilizer and irrigation in central Anatolian arid conditions
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2021) Kara, Kamil; Kara, Kanber; Erol, Taskin; Sen, Gokhan; Karsli, Mehmet Akif
    The objective of this study was to determine the effects of molasses, and bacterial inoculants on silage quality, fermentation characteristics, nutrient contents, and in vitro digestibility of different forage species grown at terrestrial climate of Central Anatolia without any artificial fertilizer usage and irrigation. Forage peas (Pisum arvense L.), Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz), rye grass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and triticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack) harvested at the dough stage of triticale and conserved in 1.5 kg jars. Silages were treated with no additive (control silage), 5% molasses and 10 g/t bacterial inoculant. Sensory, pH, organic acid, chemical analyses and in vitro digestibility of all silages were determined Forage peas silage had the highest lactic and acetic acid concentrations among all silages. Addition of both molasses and inoculant did not affect the lactic acid (LA) contents of silages (p 0.05), but both them increased acetic acid contents (p < 0.05). Ammonia-N concentrations were higher in forage peas silage compared with other silages (p < 0.05). The concentrations of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and crude protein (CP) were significantly different among silages (p < 0.05). The addition of molasses significantly reduced the silage OM, NDF and ADF contents (p < 0.05). In vitro OM digestibilities and energy values of silage were significantly different among silages made from different forages (p < 0.05), but not affected by silage additives. It can be concluded that high quality silage can be prepared from legume forages such as peas and vetch and small cereal grains such as rye and triticale grown without fertilizer usage and irrigation in central Anatolian arid conditions without any silage additive application, and but silage additive use may improve silage quality.
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    Impacts Of High Voltage Electric Field (Hvef) Applications On Germination And Seedling Growth Of Seed (Triticum Aestivum L.) With Analysis By Fourier Transform Infrared (Ftir) Spectroscopy
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Ince-Yilmaz, Ozlem; Erol, Taskin; Kara, Kamil; Dogan, Mustafa; Erdem, Umit
    Wheat is an important widely grown cereal that its grains used worldwide as a staple food. In this study, germination and seedling growth characteristics of grains of Triticum aestivum, the most widely grown species of the genus, in response to HVEF applications were studied. Three different intensities (50, 100 and 200 kV/m) were applied for 1, 5 and 10 min durations. Germination percentages were not affected by treatments, while germination speeds were inhibited by high intensities at long durations. Maximum enhancement in seedling growth measures which were given as root and shoot lengths and dry weights was determined for 5 min 50 kV/m treatment, where increases in average seedling lengths and dry weights were 34.2 % and 26.1 %, respectively. 1 min durations of treatments were also highly improved seedling growth, particularly at root measures. ATR technique was used to analyze the roots and first foliage leafs of treated seeds at FTIR spectroscopy. FTIR results supported that HVEF treatment could be a useful tool for enhancement of wheat seedling growth in early stages of development.
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    The effect of microbial inoculants and molasses on quality and in vitro digestibility of silages prepared with different proportions of ryegrass and Hungarian vetch
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Sen, Gokhan; Erol, Taskin; Kara, Kamil; Demirci, Mehmet; Karsli, Mehmet Akif
    In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of microbial inoculants and molasses on the quality and in vitro digestibility of the silages ensiled from the cultivation of different proportions of ryegrass-Hungarian vetch mixtures grown in Central Anatolian conditions. For this purpose, 5% molasses and 10 g/ton (1.25 x 10(11) CFU/g) inoculant were added to silages of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) containing 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica L.), under laboratory conditions. The prepared silages were opened at the end of 60 days and their physical analysis, chemical contents, fermentation parameters, in vitro digestibilities using rumen inocula obtained from cannulated Holstein cow, and energy levels were determined. In the study, it was determined that the microbial inoculant increased the lactic acid level significantly (p < 0.05). In vitro digestibility of organic matter and energy values increased in silages containing 60% HV compared to other silages and with both additives (p < 0.05). The neutral detergent fiber levels increased in mixtures containing 40% and 60% Hungarian vetch (p < 0.05). The increase in the vetch ratio affected the external appearance of the silages negatively (p < 0.05), and the physical properties were adversely affected by the inoculant (p < 0.05). As a result, it was determined that Hungarian vetch can be mixed with ryegrass up to 80% with and without inoculant and molasses additive to obtain high-quality silage. But the highest digestibility values were obtained when Hungarian vetch was mixed at a 60% level. It would be more appropriate to prefer molasses to avoid undesired changes in physical properties.