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Öğe Determinating the relationship between starch level and acidosis in high starch containing diets in lambs(Sivar-Soc Italiana Veterinari Animali Reddito, 2024) Evci, Sevket; Karsli, Mehmet AkifThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of high starch levels in the diet on the formation of subacute acidosis in lambs and to determine the ideal starch level in lamb fattening diet. Three different diets with starch content of 25% (1st Ration-R1), 30% (2nd Ration-R2) and 32% (3rd Ration-R3) were prepared to induce subacute rumen acidosis to achieve this purpose. These diets were fed to 6 Akkaraman lambs, aged 11-12 months, with a body weight of 30-35 kg, in a replicated 3x3 Latin Square design to determine daily nutrient consumptions and digestibility of nutrients. Rumen fermentation parameters (pH, organic acid and ammonia nitrogen) were determined in the rumen fluid sampled at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 hours post-feeding in each period. Blood samples were also taken at 0- and 6-hours post-feeding in order to determine blood gases and blood biochemistry parameters. Blood glucose, total protein, triglyceride, urea, creatinine and albumin, pH, pCO(2), HCO3 and base clearance were measured in these blood samples. It was observed that the daily nutrient consumptions of animals decreased in parallel with the increases in starch in the diets (P<0.05). Similarly, in parallel with the increase in the starch level of the diet, there was a general tendency to decrease in digestion of nutrients other than starch (P=0.08). There was no statistical difference in general between rumen pH, total organic acid, organic acid ratios, only rumen ammonia levels were found to differ between the groups before and immediately after feeding (2nd hour) (P<0.05). While blood pH values and HCO3 values decreased after feeding, no significant change was observed in other parameters. Among the blood biochemistry parameters, only creatinine decreased statistically (P<0.01) in the R1 group after feeding, and no difference was observed between other parameters. There was no significant difference among the groups in any of the blood parameters. It can be concluded that increasing the starch level above 25% in the diets of lambs adversely affects the nutrient consumption and nutrient digestion of the animals in general, and also reduces the blood pH and HCO3 levels, thus creating a risk of subacute acidosis.Öğe Determination of in situ degradation kinetics of some legume waste not used for human consumption(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-Tubitak, 2018) Evci, Sevket; Karsli, Mehmet AkifThe objective of this experiment was to evaluate the chemical composition, in situ ruminal degradation kinetics, and protein fractions of subsieve dry beans (DB), chickpeas (CCP), red lentils (RL), and green lentils (CL). Four samples of those legumes were utilized as replicates and were incubated for up to 48 h in the rumen of 3 rams. RL and CCP had higher organic matter (OM) than DB and GL. Crude protein (CP) was the highest in GL (P < 0.05). Ether extract (EE) concentrations were higher in CCP and 1)11 compared to those of RL and CL (P < 0.05). Crude fiber (CF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents were the highest in RL (P < 0.05). The acid insoluble nitrogen (ADIN-N) content was similar in all samples evaluated. While RI, had the lowest OM and CP degradability and water-soluble OM and CP concentrations, DB and CCP had the highest potentially degradable OM and CP contents at the end of the 48 h incubation period (P < 0.05). Escaped protein content was the highest in RL and the lowest in DB (P < 0.05). In conclusion, some of the pulse species that are produced locally and not suitable for human consumption can be used in the diet of ruminant animals as a source of protein based on OM and CP degradabilities and escape protein contents.Öğe Effects of High-Fructose Corn Syrup Addition to Broiler Diets on Performance, Carcass Yield, Visceral Weights, Gut pH and Some Blood Parameters(Wiley, 2024) Sen, Gokhan; Demirci, Mehmet; Evci, Sevket; Senol, Ali; Karsli, Mehmet AkifBackground: This study hypothesizes that using different amounts of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) in broiler diets may improve performance. ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the effects of HFCS added to broiler diets on performance, cecum pH and some biochemical parameters. Methods: A total of 120 Ross 308 chicks at the age of 0 day were divided into three main groups with four subgroups each. The groups consisted of a control (CON), low-HFCS and high-HFCS groups. The CON group received a diet containing no HFCS, the low-HFCS diet contained 50 mg/kg HFCS, and the high-HFCS diet contained 100 mg/kg HFCS. Body weight gain, feed consumption, carcass weight, visceral weight and cecum pH values were examined as performance parameters. Blood samples were taken at the end of the experiment and used to spectrophotometrically determine triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-CHO), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-CHO), glucose (GLU), creatinine (CRE), uric acid and insulin concentrations, as well as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities and oxidative stress markers. Proinflammatory cytokine levels were measured using ELISA test kits. Results: Feed consumption and body weight gain of the high-HFCS group decreased (p < 0.01). The feed conversion rate was negatively affected in both HFCS groups compared to the CON group (p < 0.01). The carcass yields of the groups linearly decreased with the increase of HFCS (p < 0.001). Serum LDL cholesterol (p < 0.05) and GLU (p < 0.01) levels were significantly lower in the HFCS groups than the CON. Serum CRE levels were higher in the low-HFCS group compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). The oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were lower in the low-HFCS group than the CON group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The addition of 100 mg/kg HFCS to broiler diets negatively affected performance parameters, but HFCS supplementation positively affected biochemical parameters. In particular, low-HFCS supplementation decreased the OSI, indicating that it could possibly reduce oxidative stress. Accordingly, HFCS could be added to broiler diets at a level of 50 mg/kg.Öğe Performance and Some Blood Biochemical Parameters of Broilers Fed Diets Containing(Gorgan Univ Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, 2024) Demirci, Mehmet; Evci, Sevket; Karsli, Mehmet Akif; Aydogan, IlkayThis study aimed to explore the impact of incorporating hemp seed oil (Cannabis sativa L.) at 1.5% and 3% levels in broiler diets on broiler performance, carcass yield, weights of some internal organs, and some blood parameters. In total, 132 day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were utilized, with the control group (C) receiving a basal diet without supplementation. Experimental groups included 1.5% hemp seed oil (HOA) and 3% hemp seed oil (HOB) added to the basal diet. The 42-day experiment concluded with the total average live weight (LW) for control, HOA, and HOB groups reaching 2637.90, 2647.81, and 2665.68 g, respectively. Average live weight gains (LWG) were 2595.03, 2605.16, and 2622.54 g; average feed intake (FI) amounted to 4044.25, 3880.78, and 3900.36 g, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) values were 1.56, 1.50, and 1.49, respectively. While LW, LWG, and FI values did not differ significantly between groups (P > 0.05), the addition of hemp seed oil notably improved FCR (P < 0.05). Relative carcass rates and weights of carcass, heart, pancreas, and spleen were similar across groups (P > 0.05). However, liver weight was lowest in the HOA group, and the bursa of Fabricius weight was lowest in the C group (P < 0.05). No statistical differences were observed in serum glucose, albumin, triglyceride, and total cholesterol parameters among groups (P > 0.05). Total protein, HDL-c, nonHDL-c, LDL-c, TAC, and TOC values were significantly influenced by hemp seed oil (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the data suggest that adding up to 3% hemp seed oil to broiler diets can have notable effects on feed conversion ratio and serum biochemical parameters, offering critical health benefits, particularly in improving serum lipid profiles. However, the antioxidant properties of hemp seed oil were found to be weak.
