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    Changes in cardiac cells due to ticagrelor and enoxaparin in a rat ischemia/reperfusion model
    (Assoc Medica Brasileira, 2021) Findik, Orhan; Baris, Ozgur; Yazir, Yusufhan; Yilmaz, Melda Yardimoglu; Rencber, Selenay Furat; Sarihan, Kubra Kavram; Kunt, Atike Tekeli
    OBJECTIVE: Studies on ischemia/reperfusion injury remain the focus of interest. Ticagrelor and enoxaparin, which are antiaggregant and anticoagulant drugs developed for use in many cardiovascular pathologies, are still included in many ischemia/reperfusion studies. Remarkably, their new protective effects, especially with regard to ticagrelor, continue to be reported in the current literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of ticagrelor and enoxaparin pretreatments on the rat heart with histological and immunohistochemical markers in an ischemia/reperfusion model. METHODS: Wistar-albino rats (weighing 350-400 g) were divided into four groups as follows: Sham-Control (Group 1), Control-Saline+ischemia/reperfusion (Group 2), Ticagrelor+ischemia/reperfusion (Group 3), and Enoxaparin+ischemia/reperfusion (Group 4). The ischemia/reperfusion injury model was applied to Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4. Heart tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological examinations. Caspase 3 immunostaining was evaluated to detect apoptosis in the heart tissue sections. RESULTS: Both pretreatments ameliorated the ischemic damage but especially tissue sections belonging to Group 3 were nearly similar to control levels. The results indicated that ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial damage was significantly increased in Group 2, whereas ticagrelor and enoxaparin pretreatments in Group 3 and Group 4 significantly decreased apoptotic scores and the histological appearance of the Group 3 close to the normal myocardium (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: As supported by histological findings in our study, ticagrelor and enoxaparin have protective properties for heart tissue in this ischemia/reperfusion injury model.
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    Multidimensional Evaluation of Pulmonary Function and Exercise Capacity by BODE Index in Patients with On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
    (Excerpta Medica Inc-Elsevier Science Inc, 2021) Baris, Ozgur; Findik, Orhan; Baris, Serap Argun; Benli, Emre Demir; Duzyol, Cagri; Kunt, Atike Tekeli
    Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) often causes physiological changes in patients. Although functional changes, such as lung function and exercise capacity changes, are observed in patients, there are no detailed studies examining this. The aim was to compare preoperative and postoperative pulmonary function and exercise capacity in patients undergoing on-pump CABG with a multidimensional index (BODE index). Demographic and surgical characteristics of patients were recorded. Pulmonary function test, six-minute walk test (6MWT), and modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea score were assessed and BODE index were calculated in preoperative and at six months postoperatively. A total of 75 patients were included with a mean +/- standard deviation age of 59.8 +/- 10.0 years. The male to female ratio was 57/18. There was a statistically significant decrease in the forced expiratory flow at 25-75% (FEF25-75%) value after CABG. Other pulmonary function test values were also lower in the postoperative period compared to the preoperative period, but these changes were not significant. The mean distance achieved in the 6MWT (p=0.02) and the mMRC dyspnea score (p=0.001) were significantly better postoperatively. The BODE index, which combines these parameters, had increased in the postoperative period. Age (OR 1.09; 95% CI: 1.008-1.181) and postoperative FEF25-75% (OR -0.96; 95% CI: 0.938-0.988) were the independent predictors of BODE score >= 3 in multivariate analysis. Despite the decrease in pulmonary function in patients undergoing CABG, there was an improvement in exercise capacity and dyspnea score. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.