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    A research on Babesia and Theileria species in sheep and goats of Kirikkale province through molecular methods
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2021) Gökpınar, Sami; Gazyagci, Aycan Nuriye; Aydenizöz, Meral; Kaya, Ufuk
    The aim of the present study was to determine presence and prevalence of Babesia and Theileria species in the sheep and goats of stock farming in the province of Kirikkale, which is in Central Anatolia Region of Turkey through microscopic examination and RLB method. Venous blood samples of 3 mL were collected from vena jugularis of 300 sheep and 100 goats into tubes containing EDTA. Blood smears were prepared from samples; and stained by Giemsa and examined for Theileria and Babesia under a light microscope. Genomic DNAs were extracted from blood samples with EDTA through suitable methods; a region with a length of 360 to 430 bp on variable region V4 of the 18 ssu rRNA gene of Theileria and Babesia species were proliferated; PCR products obtained were hybridized on a membrane where species-specific probes. Piroplasms were detected in 54 (18%) sheep and in none of the goats during microscopic examination of blood smears. With the RLB technique; T. ovis 70%, Theileria sp. 2.3%, B. ovis 5.3%, T. ovis + B. ovis 2.7% were detected in sheep. In goats; T. ovis was detected at a rate of 1%. Consequently, this study is the first for detection of Theileria and Babesia species in sheep and goats in Kirikkale. Presence of T. ovis and B. ovis in the sheep, and T. ovis in goats was detected in Kirikkale.
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    Evaluation of oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical parameters during Toxoplasma gondii infection in gerbils
    (Ankara Univ Press, 2015) Atmaca, Nurgul; Cinar, Miyase; Guner, Bayram; Kabakci, Ruhi; Gazyagci, Aycan Nuriye; Atmaca, Hasan Tarik; Canpolat, Sila
    The aim of the present study was to investigate the alterations of oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical parameters in experimental infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii in gerbil. A total of 16 gerbil, 8 of which were control and 8 was infection group, were used in the study. The gerbils were infected by intraperitoneal inoculation of 5000 T. gondii RH strain tachyzoites. In group of, the gerbil were sacrificed at 7th day after inoculation. At the end of this period, blood samples collected and erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, plasma aspartat aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotranspherase (ALT) activities, total protein, albumin, globulin were determined. Besides, hematological parameters were analysed in whole blood. Aspartat aminotransferase and ALT activities and MDA concentrations and neutrophil percentage and total leukocyte counts increased significantly in infected group when compared to control. In infected group, SOD activities, albumin concentrations and lymhocyte percentage decreased when compared to control. The results of this study suggest that oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical alterations may contribute to the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis in gerbils.
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    Hepatic stellate cells increase in Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice
    (Bmc, 2013) Atmaca, Hasan Tarik; Gazyagci, Aycan Nuriye; Canpolat, Sila; Kul, Oguz
    Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite that can infect humans and animals. The severity of toxoplasmosis varies according to the immune status of the individual, parasite strain, and host species. In mammalian species, it has been observed that severe lesions of acute toxoplasmosis form in visceral organs such as the liver, lung, and spleen. Some epidemiological studies have reported an association of T. gondii infection with liver cirrhosis. Methods: Acute infection was induced in fifteen 30-day-old normal Swiss albino mice. The mice were infected by intraperitoneal inoculation of 5000 T. gondii RH strain tachyzoites. The mice were sacrificed in groups of 5 at 2, 4, and 6 days after inoculation. Another group of 5 mice were used as the controls. Anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and anti-T. gondii antibodies were used to compare GFAP-immunoreactive cells and anti-T. gondiiimmunopositive areas in the liver between the T. gondii-infected groups and the healthy controls, respectively. Results: There was a significant correlation between the numbers of GFAP-positive hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) when they were compared with T. gondii antigen immunostaining (p < 0.05). The amount of T. gondii immunostaining increased significantly with the increase in the number of HSCs. Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between the number of HSCs and T. gondii antigens, which may represent an active role of HSCs in liver pathology and the pathobiology of T. gondii-related hepatitis.
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    The relationship between seropositivity and tissue cysts in sheep naturally infected with Toxoplasma gondii
    (Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-Tubitak, 2014) Yildiz, Kader; Kul, Oguz; Gokpinar, Sami; Atmaca, Hasan Tarik; Gencay, Yilmaz Emre; Gazyagci, Aycan Nuriye; Gurcan, Ismayil Safa
    Skeletal muscles (tongue, masseter, leg, intercostal, and diaphragmatic muscles) and brain samples of 100 sheep at slaughter were analysed for the presence of T. gondii tissue cysts along with serum IgG titres. Two methods of isolation by percoll gradient centrifugation and tissue microarray (TMA) technique with immunoperoxidase staining were used. Seropositivity was detected in 88% (88/100) of sheep sera analysed by indirect fluorescent antibody test. Tissue cysts were observed in 46 (52.3%, 46/88) and 15 (17%, 15/88) of the seropositive sheep with the isolation technique and TMA and immunoperoxidase staining, respectively. The diameters of the tissue cysts were 25-58 x 25-62 (mean 34 x 36) mu m. The relationship between the presence of tissue cysts and seropositivity in sheep was statistically significant at 1/16 (P < 0.01) and at 1/64 and 1/128 (P < 0.001) serum dilutions.
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    Serum trace element levels in dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2023) Gazyagci, Aycan Nuriye; Bilgiç, Bengü; Bakay, Berna Baysal; Tarhan, Duygu; Ercan, Alev Meltem; Erdoğan, Songül; Erdoğan, Hasan
    Canine visceral leishmaniasis has been denoted as neglected despite being a very well-known disease. Trace element alteration has been recognized in humans with visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, together with canine visceral leishmaniasis. The trace elements occupy a vital position in the immunological system, and host immune responses mitigate defense against leishmaniasis. We aimed to select trace elements in a total of 45 dogs of several breeds; those at the age of 11 months to 6 and from both sexes (26 male and 19 female) were enrolled in the study. The dogs included in the study were divided into leishmaniasis-infected and noninfected groups. All cases in this study were included according to written owner consent. The trace element analysis of serum samples was carried out by using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The results of our study revealed that between the canine visceral leishmaniasis infected group and the uninfected group, Leishmania-positive dogs had significantly lower levels of Se (p < 0.001) and Zn (p < 0.001) compared to the negative ones. These results should be carefully elucidated in an attempt to analyze immune responses in dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis.
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    Tracking acute phase protein response during acute and chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection
    (Springernature, 2019) Atmaca, Hasan Tarik; Gazyagci, Aycan Nuriye; Terzi, Osman Safa; Dincel, Gungor Cagdas; Sumer, Tugce
    Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, which occurs worldwide in mammals and birds. Brain is the primary target organ because Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous intracellular parasite that causes most frequently life-threatening encephalitis in immunocompromised patients. Relation of tissue cysts number, histopathology score and acute phase proteins were investigated. In this study, 36 mice are infected with Me49 strain of Toxoplasma gondii. The control group has 6 healthy mice. After inoculation of Toxoplasma gondii, at 10., 15., 20., 30., 45., 60. days, 6 each mice euthanized after collection of blood samples. Hemopexin, haptoglobulin, macroglobulin, serum amyloid A and clusterin levels are determined by ELISA. Then, brain tissues were investigated histopathologically and lesions were scored. The average cyst numbers were determined by counting three samples (25 mu l each) of each brain homogenate under light microscopy. Inflammatory reaction was observed on day 10 days after inoculation (d.a.i.) The lesions were characterized by perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration, focal mononuclear cell infiltration in the meninges, and glial proliferation. Tissue cysts were observed in all Toxoplasma gondii-infected groups. The highest lesion score was observed at 60 d.a.i. And the most tissue cyst number were on day 30. d.a.i. Serum levels of hemopexin, haptoglobulin, macroglobulin, serum amyloid A and clusterin were significantly higher than the control group on day 10-20., 10., 10-30., 10.,10-45 d.a.i., respectively. High level of acute phase proteins in mice on certain days infected with Toxoplasma gondii was exhibited a relationship between brain lesions and tissue cysts.