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    Effects of Dam Age, Lamb Gender, and Singleton or Twin Status on Bodyweight and Chest Measurements of Malya Lambs in Middle Anatolia, Turkey
    (Kyushu Univ, Faculty Agricultural Publications, 2015) Cilek, Sueleyman; Gotoh, Takafumi
    We investigated the effects of dam age, lamb gender, and singleton or twin status on lamb chest measurements and body weight in Malya lambs in Middle Anatolia, Turkey. Data were obtained from 302 lambs in an elite Malya sheep flock. Bodyweight, chest circumference, chest depth, chest length, and chest width were recorded. The least square means method was used to determine factors that significantly affected lamb body weight and chest measurements. The general linear model in the Minitab packet program was used to test the effects of variables on body weight and chest measurements. Dam age did not significantly affect lamb bodyweight or chest measurements during the first year of life, except for chest circumference and chest depth. Male lambs were significantly larger in bodyweight and chest measurements than females at the age of 12 months (p<0.001 for all parameters). Singleton lambs were significantly larger in bodyweight and chest related parameters than twins until 4 months of age, but this effect was only significant at 12 months of age for chest width. It is suggested that there might be compensatory growth in twin lambs after weaning. If farmers are able to ensure twin lamb survival until weaning age, they can expect compensatory growth by 12 months of age.
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    Reproduction Characteristics in Brown Swiss Cows Reared Under Steppe Climate Conditions in Turkey
    (Kyushu Univ, Faculty Agricultural Publications, 2011) Cilek, Sueleyman; Gotoh, Takafumi
    The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of environmental factors on reproductive traits of pure Brown Swiss cows reared under steppe climate conditions in the central Anatolia region of Turkey. In this study, 1502 reproductive records of Brown Swiss cows, which were reared in Ulas State Farm, were analyzed. The least squares means for gestation period, calving interval, non-pregnant period, insemination number for cows, insemination number per conception for heifers at first insemination, first insemination age, and age at first calving were 287 clays, 416 days, 128 days, 1.8 times, 1.6 times, 608 days, and 928 days, respectively. Calving times significantly affected the non-pregnant period, calving interval and gestation period (P<0.05). The calving intervals were significantly the longest in the 2(nd) calving time and the shortest in the 8(th) and 9(th) calving times (P<0.01). The birth season of heifers significantly affected first insemination age and age at first calving (P<0.01, P<0.001, respectively). For the calving season analysis, gestation period was the longest in autumn (P<0.01). The number of inseminations per conception for cows was significantly larger in spring and autumn than that in summer (P<0.01). The first calving ages were significantly earlier in autumn than in the other seasons (P<0.01). For analysis of insemination season, regarding insemination number per conception, first insemination age and first calving age, heifers in spring and summer were significantly larger than those in winter and autumn (P<0.01). These results suggested that 1) birth and insemination season affected first insemination age and first calving age, 2) Cows born in autumn and winter showed an earlier first insemination and first calving age than in spring and summer, and 3) the same trend would be observed for insemination season.