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    Effects of Amantadine on Liver and Lung Tissue in Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats
    (Gazi Univ, Fac Med, 2023) Sahin, Fatih; Tuna, Ayca Tas; Unal, Yusuf; Arslan, Mustafa; Yazar, Hayrullah; Sezen, Saban Cem; Gozukara, Sezen Irmak
    Background: N-Methyl D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockers have been shown to have protective effects against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in various tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of amantadine on liver and lung tissue in hepatic I/R injury. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four rats divided into 4 groups: the Sham Group (S), the Amantadine Group (A), the I/R Group (I/R) and the I/R + Amantadine Group (I/R-A). In Group A and Group I/R-A, 45 mg/kg of amantadine was administered before surgery. In Group I/R and Group I/R-A, an atraumatic vascular clamp was applied to the structures in the left portal triad for 45 minutes and reperfusion period was 2 hours after declampage. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme levels were were studied in liver and lung tissues. Additionally tissues were examined histopathologically. Results: No significant difference was observed in tissue MDA, SOD, and CAT levels among four groups (p >0.05). Polymorphonuclear cell infiltration and the scores of hepatocyte degeneration, sinusoidal dilatation, pycnotic core, and necrosis cell were significantly higher in Group I/R than other groups (p<0.05). Regarding to the lung tissue, the neutrophil/lymphocyte infiltration score was significantly lower in Group S and A than in Group I/R (respectively; p= 0.007, 0.011), and it was significantly higher in Group I/R-A than in Group S (p = 0.014). The alveolar wall thickening score was significantly higher in Group I/R than the other groups (p <0.0001). Conclusion: Amantadine may have a protective effect against I/R damage, as it reduces histopathological changes caused by I/R damage.
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    Öğe
    The effects of amantadine on lung tissue in lower limb ischemia/reperfusion injury model in rats
    (Baycinar Medical Publ-Baycinar Tibbi Yayincilik, 2021) Orhan, Mustafa; Tuna, Ayca Tas; Unal, Yusuf; Arslan, Mustafa; Yazar, Hayrullah; Sezen, Saban Cem; Gozukara, Sezen Irmak
    Background: This study aims to evaluate the effect of amantadine on lung tissue of after lower limb ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Methods: A total of 24 Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups including six rats in each: sham group (Group S), amantadine group (Group A), ischemia/reperfusion group (Group I/R), and ischemia/reperfusion + amantadine group (Group I/R-A). All groups underwent a midline abdominal incision. In Groups I/R and I/R-A, the infrarenal abdominal aorta was clamped for 120 min and, then, reperfused for 120 min after removal of the clamp. Amantadine hydrochloride 45 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally to the rats of Groups A and Group I/R-A 15 min before surgery. At the end of reperfusion period (240 min), all rats were sacrificed, and their lung tissues were obtained. Lung tissue catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and glutathione S-transferase and malondialdehyde levels were analyzed. Lung tissues were examined histopathologically. Results: Catalase activity was lower in Groups A, I/R, and I/R-A compared to Group S. Superoxide dismutase activity was higher in Group I/R than Group S. Superoxide dismutase activity in Groups I/R-A and A decreased, compared to Groups S and I/R. Glutathione S-transferase levels decreased in Groups I/R and A, compared to Group S. Glutathione S-transferase levels in Group I/R-A were higher than Groups I/R and A. The highest level of malondialdehyde was found in Group I/R and the lowest level was found in Group I/R-A. According to histopathological examination, infiltration scores were significantly lower in Group S than Groups I/R and I/R-A (p=0.009 and p=0.011, respectively). The alveolar wall thickening scores in Group I/R were also significantly higher than Groups S and Group A (p=0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Lung tissue can be affected histopathologically by ischemia/ reperfusion injury and this injury can be reversed by amantadine administration.