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    The Area of Cross Sections and the Number of Myelinated Axons of Cranial Nerves III, IV and VI of Adult Horse
    (Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2013) Bolat, Durmus; Bahar, Sadullah; Kurum, Aytul; Gultiken, Murat Erdem
    It was aimed to determine the number of myelinated axons and the area of cross sections of oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nerves providing motor innervation of extrinsic muscles of the eye. The study included 3 male and 3 female adult horses. Tissue samples were taken from the part of nerve being in subarachnoid space. Paraffin blocks of tissues were prepared and cut with a rotary microtome transversely at a thickness of 4 mu m and sections were stained with Masson's trichrome. The area of cross sections was determined with Cavalieri's method and the number of myelinated axons was calculated by fractionator technique. There were no statistically significance of cross sectional areas and the number of myelinated axons of the right and the left sides, thus the data belonging to both sides were accepted as a single data (median). The areas of cross sections of oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nerves were calculated to be 2.647 mm(2), 0.511 mm(2) and 1.092 mm(2) and the number of myelinated axons 13.523, 2.034 and 4.151 respectively. The results of the study performed to determine the area of cross sections and the number of myelinated axons of III., IV. and VI. cranial nerves of the horse will contribute to the knowledge of this area and shed light on the studies to be conducted in the future.
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    The first report of Eucoleus dispar (Nematoda: Capillariidae) in the common buzzard (Buteo buteo) in Turkey
    (Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-Tubitak, 2015) Yildiz, Dincer; Buyukcopur, Emine Umran Bozkurt; Gultiken, Murat Erdem; Yildiz, Kader
    A common buzzard (Buteo buteo) was brought to the Department of Anatomy, Kirikkale University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, following its death from trauma. The tongue of the buzzard was processed for routine histology and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. A curled Eucoleus dispar and its eggs, embedded in the dorsal epithelium of the tongue, were observed in histological sections during morphological analysis of the papillae lingua in the buzzard under a light microscope. According to the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on E. dispar in the buzzard in Turkey.
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    Morphological examination of the bulbus oculi and intraorbital muscles (musculi bulbi) in the common buzzard (buteo buteo)
    (Ankara Univ Press, 2011) Gultiken, Murat Erdem; Onuk, Burcu; Yildiz, Dincer; Yilmazer, Beste
    In this study, a total of 20 eyeballs belong to 10 adult buzzards (buteo buteo) were examined. Morphometric data of eyeballs and lens were described and value of right and left eyes were evaluated with "paired sample t-test" and significant difference was not found (p >= 0.05). Bony plates described as scleral ossicles were observed in equator region of sclera in histological investigation. Sinusoidal cavities were noticed in bony plates. A cartilage containing chondrocytes and chondroblasts in it in lower part of these bony plates were seen. Intraorbital muscles, dorsal rectus, ventral rectus, nasal rectus, temporal News, dorsal oblique and ventral oblique were responsible for the movement of bulbus oculi. Also, pyramidalis and quadrants muscles that originated from bulbus oculi and attached to nictitating membrane were determined. It was detected that rectus muscles and ventral oblique muscle originated from the surrounding of optic foramen and dorsal oblique muscle originated from nasal part of interorbital septum and attached to sclera. Pyramidalis and quadrants muscles were stated to be attached to sclera and to responsible for the movement of nictitating membrane. Morphometric data and junction formation of the insertion tendon of intraorbital muscle to the sclera were identified.
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    Ultrastructure of the tongue and histochemical features of the lingual salivary glands in buzzards
    (Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-Tubitak, 2018) Bozkurt, Emine Umran; Gultiken, Murat Erdem; Yildiz, Dincer; Bolat, Durmus
    The macroscopic characteristics of the tongues of 8 long-legged buzzards are described and scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the epithelial tissue of the tongue's surface. Crossman's modified triple staining method and hematoxylin and eosin dye were used to determine the locations and general histological features of the lingual salivary glands. The nature of the glandular secretions was examined by staining with PAS, AB pH 1.0, AB pH 2.5, and PAS-AB pH 1.0 and pH 2.5, and diastase enzyme digestion. PAS staining and weak, moderate, and strong methylation procedures as well as sialidase and hyaluronidase applications were performed. We report the finding of focal accumulations of the anterior lingual salivary glands at the tongue's base with numerous duct openings in this area. This finding, in conjunction with the absence of taste papillae in the tongue epithelium, suggests that the role of the tongue in buzzards is to mix food with saliva and to move the food bolus rapidly to the back of the oral cavity. The acidic secretions of the lingual salivary glands not only have antimicrobial effects but also facilitate the swallowing process and may influence the digestive process in the distal parts of the alimentary tract.