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A new peak-power estimation equations in 12 to 14 years-old soccer players
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2021) Gulu, Mehmet; Akalan, Cengiz
The aim of this study was to develop an age and soccer-specific regression equation to estimate the peak power of children aged 12-14 from the height of their vertical jumps using a large sample (n = 188). This study included 188 male soccer players (age, 12.6 +/- 0.55; height, 153.31 +/- 8.38 cm; and body weight, 43.65 +/- 7.58 kg). Their actual peak power values obtained from vertical jumps were recorded using a force platform. The body weights of the participants were measured using Tanita. A regression model was developed using body weight and vertical jump values. All data were analyzed with the IBM SPSS (version 21) statistical analysis program. A multiple linear regression model was used to generate the best estimation of peak power. In this regression model, Power = -1714,116 + [(47.788 * body weight (kg)] + [(58,976 * Countermovement jump height (cm)]. Actual peak power is highly predictable for 12-14-year-old football players. In line with the new model, the actual peak power values obtained in this study were close to the estimated peak power values obtained with the Tufano formula. This may be because of the larger sample size and the same branch used for both equation models.
Acute effect of different doses of caffeinated chewing gum on exercise performance in caffeine-habituated male soccer players
(Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) Yildirim, Ulas Can; Akcay, Neslihan; Alexe, Dan Iulian; Esen, Ozcan; Gulu, Mehmet; Cirtita-Buzoianu, Cristina; Cinarli, Fahri Safa
The ergogenic benefits of caffeine have been well established, but there is scarce research on its chewing gum form. The present research aimed to examine the effects of different doses (100 and 200 mg) of caffeinated chewing gum on muscle strength, vertical jump performance, and ball-kicking speed in trained male soccer players. In a double-blind, randomized counterbalanced, and crossover research design, 14 male soccer players (age = 22 +/- 2 y; body mass = 74.2 +/- 7.1 kg; height = 180.0 +/- 6.8 cm; habitual caffeine intake = 358.9 +/- 292.4 mg/day) participated in three experimental trials. In each trial, participants performed isometric handgrip strength, quadriceps and hamstring strength, ball-kicking speed, and 15 s countermovement jump test 10 min after chewing 100 mg (LCAF) or 200 mg (MCAF) of caffeinated gum or placebo (PLA). MCAF improved quadriceps strength (53.77 +/- 5.77 kg) compared to LCAF (49.62 +/- 8.81 kg, p = 0.048) and PLA (49.20 +/- 7.20 kg, p = 0.032). However, neither LCAF nor MCAF had a significant effect on the isometric handgrip and hamstring strength, ball-kicking speed, and 15 s countermovement jump test (all p > 0.05). These findings support chewing gum as an alternative mode of caffeine administration which can be used as a nutritional ergogenic aid for trained soccer players, at least for quadriceps strength.
Agility Skills, Speed, Balance and CMJ Performance in Soccer: A Comparison of Players with and without a Hearing Impairment
(Mdpi, 2023) Yapici, Hakan; Soylu, Yusuf; Gulu, Mehmet; Kutlu, Mehmet; Ayan, Sinan; Muluk, Nuray Bayar; Aldhahi, Monira, I
This study investigates the differences in agility, speed, jump and balance performance and shooting skills between elite hearing-impaired national team soccer players (HISP) and withouthearing-impairment elite soccer players (woHISP). Players were divided into two groups, the HISP group (n = 13; 23.5 +/- 3.1 years) and the woHISP group (n = 16; 20.6 +/- 1.4 years), and were tested in three sessions, seven apart, for metrics including anthropometrics, speed (10 m, 20 m and 30 m), countermovement jump (CMJ), agility (Illinois, 505, zigzag), T test (agility and shooting skills), and balance. The results showed that 30 m, 20mand 10msprint scores, agility/ skills (sec), shooting skills (goals), zigzag, Illinois, and 505 agility skills, and countermovement jump scores were significantly lower among players with hearing impairments (p < 0.05). There were no significant T test differences between HISP and woHISP (p > 0.05). The HISP showed right posterolateral and posteromedial, and left posterolateral and posteromedial scores that were lower than the woHISP group (p < 0.05). Anterior scores were not significantly different between each leg (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the HISP group showed higher performance scores for speed (10 m, 20 m and 30 m), CMJ, agility (Illinois, 505, zigzag) and T test (sec and goals), but not balance. Hearing-impaired soccer players are determined by their skill, training, and strategy, not their hearing ability.
Comparative effectiveness of 10-week equipment-based pilates and diaphragmatic breathing exercise on heart rate variability and pulmonary function in young adult healthy women with normal BMI - a quasi-experimental study
(Bmc, 2023) Adiguzel, Songul; Aras, Dicle; Gulu, Mehmet; Aldhahi, Monira I.; Alqahtani, Abdulfattah S.; AL-Mhanna, Sameer Badri
BackgroundThe positive effects of Pilates and slow-controlled breathing exercises on health are examined in different studies. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of 10-week equipment-based Pilates, slow-controlled breathing exercises, and a combination of both on heart rate variability (HRV), pulmonary function, and body composition (BC) in young adult healthy women with normal BMI.MethodsForty female participants were assigned to either equipment-based Pilates group (PG), slow-controlled breathing exercise group (BG), equipment-based Pilates + breathing exercise group (PBG), and control groups (CG). Equipment-based Pilates exercise consists of training for two days a week and 50 min per day, and breathing exercises were done twice a week for 15 min a day for 8 weeks. In addition, PBG performed a 15-minute breathing exercise after each Pilates session. Pilates sessions were created with Reformer, Cadillac, Ladder Barrel, Chair Barrel, and Spine Corrector. On the other hand, breathing exercises were based on a controlled 5 s inhale and 5 s exhale cycles.ResultsBefore and after the implementation, pulmonary function, HRV, and BC parameters were measured. The body weight and BMI improved in PG and PBG, and the percent body fat decreased only in PBG (p < 0.05). Both PG and PBG noted significant changes in HRV indices SDSD, SDNN, TP, HF, and LF. However, the RMSSD was recorded higher in only PBG. Similar changes were found in pulmonary parameters. The FVC, FEV1, VC, IC, TV, MVV, and VE im-proved in PBG. PG showed increases in VC and TV. The only changes found in BG were PEF and ERV.ConclusionsThe finding highlights the ample effect of combined breathing and Pilates exercise on HRV, pulmonary function and body composition which has important implications for health promotion.
Developing a new muscle power prediction equation through vertical jump power output in adolescent women
(LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2020) Gucluover, Aziz; Gulu, Mehmet
Explosive power is a performance determinant in many sports activities. Vertical jump tests for assessing power output are widely employed. Accurate and reliable methods are needed to predict human power output using the widely employed vertical jump height. To determine vertical jump capacity by using force platform in high school-level girls and to develop an equation that predict vertical jump muscle power (MP) (watts) through body composition and vertical jump height. An experimental group consisting of 87 high school-level young sedentary girls (mean; age; 16.49 +/- 1.93, height;161.25 +/- 6.21, weight; 55.59 +/- 10.27) and a validation (control) group consisting of a similar population of 30 people (mean; age; 16.14 +/- 1.31, height; 163.30 +/- 6.28, weight; 56.65 +/- 9.59), participated in this study. A stepwise linear regression model, including fat free body mass, vertical jump height and fat percentage as independent parameters was applied to develop a new muscle power (MP) estimation equation. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were calculated between actual and predicted MP. The new prediction equation obtained from regression analysis for muscle power (MP) could explain 74.5% (R-2) of the variation. A strong and high correlation was observed between the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients of the actual and predicted MP (experimental;r = 0.863;P < .000) and (control;r = 0.898;P < .000). The direct measurements of muscle power (MP) require researchers to access costly and complex instruments. This need will be met by the MP estimation equations obtained from a simple vertical jump height and body composition measurement.
Dose-response effects of 8-week resistance training on body composition and muscular performance in untrained young women: A quasi-experimental design
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2024) Ugurlu, Dondu; Gulu, Mehmet; Yapici, Hakan; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Comertpay, Ertan; Eroglu, Oguz; Afonso, Jose
Background:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week resistance training with different training volumes on body composition, maximum strength, peak power, and muscle thickness in non-training women.Methods:This was a 3-arm, prospectively designed, randomized controlled trial. A total of 45 adult women aged 20.7 +/- 1 years, the mean heights of the participants were 166 +/- 0.07 cm, body weight was measured as 54.5 +/- 8.8 kg, and body mass index was 19.9 +/- 2.1 kg/m2. They were randomized to low-volume training resistance training (LVT; n = 15, 3 sessions of 12 exercises per week), moderate-volume training resistance training (MVT; n = 15; 4 sessions of 12 exercises per week), and high-volume resistance training (HVT; n = 15; 5 sessions of 12 exercises per week) for 8 weeks. The muscle thickness (MT) of the vastus lateralis was assessed at baseline and 8 weeks later using a portable ultrasound device.Results:A total of 39 adult women completed the study, with 2 participants from each group lost to follow-up. All experimental groups 1RM increased (P = .001, effect size (ES) = 0.463) All groups showed improved muscle thickness (MT) (P = .001) and CMJ (P = .004). The group x time interaction is statistically significant (P = .001) suggests that the changes in muscle thickness over time differ significantly between the different training volume groups (eta p(2)) is 0.368.Conclusion:In untrained young women, resistance training improved muscle hypertrophy, maximal strength, power, and body composition in untrained young women. However, 4 sessions MVT per week were superior to LVT and HVT sessions, suggesting a nonlinear dose-response relationship favoring moderate volume over low or high volumes, at least in previously untrained young women.Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06449300)
Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on barriers to middle-aged adults' participation in physical activity in Turkey: a cross-sectional study
(Mre Press, 2022) Gulu, Mehmet; Ayyildiz, Erdem
Background: Physical inactivity is one of the greatest problems facing the world today. The purpose of this study was to examine the level of barriers to physical activity for middle-aged adults during the COVID-19. Methods: Using an online survey, a sample of the Turkish population (n = 432: 48.6% female, 51.4% male; mean age 57.3 years) answered questions about sociodemographic characteristics as well as barriers to participation in physical activity during COVID-19 process. A scale of barriers to physical activity was used to determine the barriers to physical activity faced by the participants COVID-19 process. Since the data were homogeneously distributed across binary groups, independent t-tests and ANOVAs were performed for groups of three or more. In addition, if there were significant differences in the results of the ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test was also applied. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 22.0. (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: According to the findings of this study, barriers to physical activity increase significantly as perceived health status decreases, and women's barriers to physical activity, participation are greater than those of men, and increase with age. At the same time, the strongest relationship was found for environmental factors. In addition, important results were found for the personal and social environment dimensions, and we also found that barriers to physical activity increase significantly with age. Conclusions: Finally, we determined that the barriers to physical activity for individuals with COVID-19 were significantly greater at the personal level compared to those who did not have COVID-19. That is the COVID-19 process negatively affected participation in physical activity.
Effects of 12 Weeks of High-, Moderate-, and Low-Volume Training on Performance Parameters in Adolescent Swimmers
(Mdpi, 2023) Karabiyik, Hakan; Gulu, Mehmet; Yapici, Hakan; Iscan, Furkan; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Durmus, Tugay; Gurkan, Oguz
Swimming, an Olympic sport with diverse distances and energy systems, requires early specialization for elite success. High intensity interval training (HIIT) is a fundamental method used by swimmers to enhance performance, offering both aerobic and anaerobic benefits. This study aimed to examine the effects of a 12-week HIIT program with varying volumes on adolescent swimmers' performance parameters. A total of 50 participants were divided into three groups High Intensity Low Volume (HILV), Moderate Intensity Moderate Volume (MIMV), Low Intensity High Volume (LIHV), and their training sessions consisted of 10 sets with 60 s rest intervals between repetitions and 3 min rest intervals between sets. The intensity was determined based on a pre-test 100 m times. The results indicate significant improvements in anthropometric measurements, including weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and body fat percentage, within each group, with no significant differences between groups. Swimming performance for various distances (50 m, 100 m, 200 m, and 800 m) showed significant temporal improvements in all groups, with stroke parameters such as stroke rate and length also exhibiting significant improvements (p < 0.05). Resting heart rate and swimming performance at 100 m and 200 m differed significantly between groups, highlighting the impact of training volume on specific outcomes. In conclusion, this study highlights the positive impact of interval training on the swimming time (50 m, 100 m, 200 m, and 800 m), stroke rate (SR), strokes per length (SPL), stroke length (SL), Borg scale (BS) for various distances, emphasizing the need for tailored training programs to maximize their development and potential.
Estimation of Obesity Levels through the Proposed Predictive Approach Based on Physical Activity and Nutritional Habits
(Mdpi, 2023) Gozukara Bag, Harika Gozde; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Gormez, Yasin; Gonzalez, Pablo Prieto; Colak, Cemil; Gulu, Mehmet; Badicu, Georgian
Obesity is the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the body that leads to health risks. The study aimed to classify obesity levels using a tree-based machine-learning approach considering physical activity and nutritional habits. Methods: The current study employed an observational design, collecting data from a public dataset via a web-based survey to assess eating habits and physical activity levels. The data included gender, age, height, weight, family history of being overweight, dietary patterns, physical activity frequency, and more. Data preprocessing involved addressing class imbalance using Synthetic Minority Over-sampling TEchnique-Nominal Continuous (SMOTE-NC) and feature selection using Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE). Three classification algorithms (logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)) were used for obesity level prediction, and Bayesian optimization was employed for hyperparameter tuning. The performance of different models was evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, recall, precision, F1-score, area under the curve (AUC), and precision-recall curve. The LR model showed the best performance across most metrics, followed by RF and XGBoost. Feature selection improved the performance of LR and RF models, while XGBoost's performance was mixed. The study contributes to the understanding of obesity classification using machine-learning techniques based on physical activity and nutritional habits. The LR model demonstrated the most robust performance, and feature selection was shown to enhance model efficiency. The findings underscore the importance of considering both physical activity and nutritional habits in addressing the obesity epidemic.
Estimation of Obesity Levels with a Trained Neural Network Approach optimized by the Bayesian Technique
(Mdpi, 2023) Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Gulu, Mehmet; Gormez, Yasin; Castaneda-Babarro, Arkaitz; Colak, Cemil; Greco, Gianpiero; Fischetti, Francesco
Background: Obesity, which causes physical and mental problems, is a global health problem with serious consequences. The prevalence of obesity is increasing steadily, and therefore, new research is needed that examines the influencing factors of obesity and how to predict the occurrence of the condition according to these factors. This study aimed to predict the level of obesity based on physical activity and eating habits using the trained neural network model. Methods: The chi-square, F-Classify, and mutual information classification algorithms were used to identify the most critical factors associated with obesity. The models' performances were compared using a trained neural network with different feature sets. The hyperparameters of the models were optimized using Bayesian optimization techniques, which are faster and more effective than traditional techniques. Results: The results predicted the level of obesity with average accuracies of 93.06%, 89.04%, 90.32%, and 86.52% for all features using the neural network and for the features selected by the chi-square, F-Classify, and mutual information classification algorithms. The results showed that physical activity, alcohol consumption, use of technological devices, frequent consumption of high-calorie meals, and frequency of vegetable consumption were the most important factors affecting obesity. Conclusions: The F-Classify score algorithm identified the most essential features for obesity level estimation. Furthermore, physical activity and eating habits were the most critical factors for obesity prediction.
EVALUATION OF THE 12-WEEK MOVEMENT TRAINING PROGRAM IN TERMS OF MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND MOTOR DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN: A RESEARCH IN CHILDREN AGED 7-9
(Researchtrentz Acad Publ Education Services, 2022) Yapici, Hakan; Ugurlu, Dondu; Gulu, Mehmet; Emlek, Busra; Dogan, Ali Ahmet
Introduction and Aim: Early childhood is the most important period for gaining basic movement skills and improving physical fitness parameters. Physical fitness level is a determinant of health an early age. Influencing one of the physical fitness parameters related to health or performance directly affects physical fitness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and motor development characteristics of children in the 12-week movement education program, and a research for 7-9 years old childhood was discussed. Material and Methods: A total of 116 male students aged 7-9 participated in the study. A 12-week movement training program was applied to the students participating in the research. Before starting this program, in order to measure morphological features as a pre-test, body fat ratio, height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), head circumference, neck circumference, chest circumference, abdominal circumference, Hip circumference measurements. On the other hand flexibility, horizontal jump, vertical jumping, push-ups, sit-ups, touching the discs, 10 meters sprint, Balance flamingo measurements were taken as a performance characteristics. The same measurements were taken again as a post-test after the 12-week movement training program was over. The data of the research were analyzed in IBM SPSS 25.0 program. The mean and standard deviation statistics of the data were calculated. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine whether the data showed normal distribution, and because all variables showed normal distribution, the Repeated Measures ANOVA (intra-group and intergroup comparison) test was performed and the level of significance was stated as P<0.001. Results: When the morphological characteristics were evaluated, there was a significant difference in body weight and body fat percentage within the group, while no significant difference was found in other tests. In the comparison between the groups, a significant difference was found in all tests except body fat percentage. While a significant difference was detected in all tests within the group in performance tests, no significant difference was found between the groups in flexibility, push-ups, sit-ups and sprint values. Conclusion: 12-week movement-based exercise provided improvements in children's motor development and morphological features. Movement education is important for children's morphological characteristics and motor development.
Examining mindfulness and moral disengagement in doping: Perspective of Turkish wrestlers
(Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) Ayyildiz, Erdem; Kayabesler, Hamza; Gulu, Mehmet; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Aldhahi, Monira I.; Garcia-Grimau, Elena; Al-Mhanna, Sameer Badri
Introduction: Studies related to attitudes toward the use of prohibited substances in Turkish athletes are scarce. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has implemented anti-doping educational policies emphasizing doping-related education in studies conducted among Turkish wrestlers. However, it is still unclear the extent to which the wrestlers comply and adhere to these anti-doping policies. No research has previously examined the effect of anti-doping education on athletes' mindfulness and moral disengagement in doping (MDD). Therefore, the present study has a two-fold objective: first, to examine whether doping-related education (DRE) and the status of being a national athlete (NA) have an effect on athlete mindfulness and MDD. Second, to analyze the relationship between each sub-dimensions of athlete mindfulness: awareness (ASD), judgment (JSD), and refocus (RSD) with MDD.Methods: A total of 409 male wrestlers participated in this study. MANOVA analysis showed that NA and DRE alone have no effect on MDD but have a general effect on mindfulness.Results: The highest effect was on the ASD of being an NA (?(2 )(p)= 0.173). When the interaction effect of NA*DRE was examined, significant difference in MDD (F = 8.218, p = 0.004), ASD (F = 8.476, p = 0.004), JSD (F = 5.844, p = 0.016), and RSD (F = 11.476, p = 0.001) were found. MDD has a weak negative relationship with ASD (r = -0.126) and RSD (r = -0.041) and a weak positive relationship with the JSD sub-dimension (r = 0.140). Those results suggest that being a NA and having received anti-doping education affect moral disengagement in doping and athletes' mindfulness.Discussion: As a conclusion, it is recommended to increase awareness and anti-doping education among national-standard Turkish wrestlers to prevent them from engaging in doping behaviors.
Exploring obesity, physical activity, and digital game addiction levels among adolescents: A study on machine learning-based prediction of digital game addiction
(Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) Gulu, Mehmet; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Gocer, Ishak; Yapici, Hakan; Ayyildiz, Erdem; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Ardigo, Luca Paolo
Primary study aim was defining prevalence of obesity, physical activity levels, digital game addiction level in adolescents, to investigate gender differences, relationships between outcomes. Second aim was predicting game addiction based on anthropometric measurements, physical activity levels. Cross-sectional study design was implemented. Participants aged 9-14 living in Kirikkale were part of the study. The sample of the study consists of 405 adolescents, 231 girls (57%) and 174 boys (43%). Self-reported data were collected by questionnaire method from a random sample of 405 adolescent participants. To determine the physical activity levels of children, the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). Digital Game addiction was evaluated with the digital game addiction (DGA) scale. Additionally, body mass index (BMI) status was calculated by measuring the height and body mass of the participants. Data analysis were performed using Python 3.9 software and SPSS 28.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States) package program. According to our findings, it was determined that digital game addiction has a negative relationship with physical activity level. It was determined that physical activity level had a negative relationship with BMI. In addition, increased physical activity level was found to reduce obesity and DGA. Game addiction levels of girl participants were significantly higher than boy participants, and game addiction was higher in those with obesity. With the prediction model obtained, it was determined that age, being girls, BMI and total physical activity (TPA) scores were predictors of game addiction. The results revealed that the increase in age and BMI increased the risk of DGA, and we found that women had a 2.59 times greater risk of DGA compared to men. More importantly, the findings of this study showed that physical activity was an important factor reducing DGA 1.51-fold. Our prediction model Logit (P) = 1/(1 + exp(-(-3.384 + Age*0.124 + Gender-boys*(-0.953) + BMI*0.145 + TPA*(-0.410)))). Regular physical activity should be encouraged, digital gaming hours can be limited to maintain ideal weight. Furthermore, adolescents should be encouraged to engage in physical activity to reduce digital game addiction level. As a contribution to the field, the findings of this study presented important results that may help in the prevention of adolescent game addiction.
Exploring the Relationship between Biological Maturation Level, Muscle Strength, and Muscle Power in Adolescents
(Mdpi, 2022) Yapici, Hakan; Gulu, Mehmet; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Eken, Ozgur; Gabrys, Tomasz; Knappova, Vera
Simple Summary Muscle strength increases with age, and the period in which the increase in muscle mass is highest is the growth and development period in adolescents. In this context, the improvement of muscle power and muscle strength in adolescents can be achieved with the development of simple motor skills. Research on the relationship between biological maturation, muscle strength, and muscle power was limited in adolescents, and this research will make an important contribution to the literature. In this research, the relationship between biological maturation and muscle strength and power was investigated. In conclusion, biological maturation was found to be significantly associated with muscle strength and power in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between adolescents' biological maturation level and their muscle power, as well as their overall muscle strength. Overall, 691 adolescents (414 boys and 277 girls) aged 12.01-11.96 (measured for body mass, body height as well as vertical jump, muscle power, and muscle strength). There was a statistically significant difference in terms of average right and left grip strength, vertical jump, and power in the late maturation group. For the body height and vertical jump averages in male adolescents, it was observed that the body height and vertical jump averages in the late group were significantly lower than in the early and on-time maturation groups. For female adolescents' chronological age, sitting height, body mass, BMI, left and right grip strength, and power averages were found to be significantly higher compared with the on-time group (p < 0.05). It was established that biological maturation has a substantial link with vertical jump height and power, as well as grip strength on the right and left hands.
Impact of Heat Acclimatisation in Sports: A Narrative Review
(Annals Applied Sport Science, 2024) Al-mhanna, Sameer Badri; Gulu, Mehmet; Saffah, Faisal F.; Afolabi, Hafeez Abiola; Batrakoulis, Alexios; Abubakar, Bishir Daku; Ghazali, Wan Syaheedah Wan
Background. The summer is a time for various sporting events, many of which occur in hot and humid environments. Heat exposure can have a significant impact on athletic performance and can even be fatal. Heat acclimatization (HA) is gradually exposing the body to hot environments to improve its ability to regulate temperature and function in the heat. Objectives. This paper reviews the physiological changes associated with heat exposure and the effects of HA on athletic performance. It also provides recommendations for minimizing heat-related illness and death in sports. Methods. A literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies on HA and heat-related illness in sports. The search terms used included heat acclimatization, heat stress, sport, and performance. Results. Heat acclimatization induces a series of beneficial physiological adaptations that contribute to enhanced athletic performance in hot conditions. These changes include increased sweating, heart rate, and blood flow to the skin. Enhances thermoregulatory mechanisms, allowing the body to better cope with heat stress and improving sweat rate and electrolyte balance, aiding in more efficient cooling. Acclimatization results in increased plasma volume, reducing the risk of dehydration. Additionally, it promotes cardiovascular adaptations, enhancing overall heat tolerance. HA can improve exercise performance in hot conditions, making it a valuable strategy for athletes and workers in warm environments. Therefore, proper HA can reduce the risk of heat exhaustion and heatstroke. Conclusion. HA is an important tool for athletes who train and compete in hot environments. It can improve performance, reduce the risk of heat-related illness, and even save lives. Sports federations and coaches should encourage athletes to participate in HA programs. HA programs should include gradual exposure to hot environments, both with and without exercise.
Investigation of obesity, eating behaviors and physical activity levels living in rural and urban areas during the covid-19 pandemic era: a study of Turkish adolescent
(Bmc, 2022) Gulu, Mehmet; Yapici, Hakan; Mainer-Pardos, Elena; Alves, Ana Ruivo; Nobari, Hadi
Background The purpose of this study was to determine the eating behaviors, obesity and physical activity status of children of similar ages living in rural and urban areas and to examine these relationships during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic process. Method The research was conducted using the scanning model. The research group consists of children living in rural and urban areas in Turkey. The sample of the study consists of a total of 733 adolescent participants, 351 females (47.9%) and 382 males (52.1%). After anthropometric measurements were made, the Physical Activity Questionnaire for older children and the Yale Food Addiction Scale for children 2.0 were used to determine the food addiction and physical activity status of children during the COVID19 pandemic process. Since the groups were homogeneously distributed, independent samples t-test and Pearson correlation test were used. Result In terms of food addiction and physical activity levels, children living in the urban have higher scores than children living in rural areas. In addition, children living in the urban were taller and have higher body mass values than those in rural areas. In terms of physical activity level and food addiction levels, while girls living in the urban had higher activity levels than those living in rural areas, no statistically significant difference was found between the physical activity levels of boys. When evaluated in terms of general and gender, it was determined that children living in rural areas were overweight and obese at a higher rate. Obese children had higher levels of food addiction and lower physical activity levels than non-obese children. Conclusion In order to prevent childhood obesity, the level of food addiction should be reduced as well as increasing the level of physical activity. This study is limited in terms of cross-sectional evaluation. Future research can experimentally reveal how much obesity is reduced by methods such as exercise and diet interventions.
Investigation of sports participation motivation in people with disabilities: a cross-sectional study of individuals with physical and hearing impairments
(Bmc, 2024) Ayyildiz, Erdem; Aras, Dicle; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Gulu, Mehmet; Yapici, Hakan; Alwhaibi, Reem
While reading the literature, it is seen that there are not enough studies on the motivation of disabled individuals to participate in sports. This study aims to examine the sports participation motivations of hearing impaired and physically disabled athletes. This study was a cross-sectional study. The research group of the study consists of physically and hearing-impaired individuals between the ages of 18-47. The participants of this research group consisted of 253 volunteer disabled individuals, 150 of whom were men and 103 of whom were women. Sports participation motivation scale was used for disabled individuals. The scale consists of 3 dimensions and is a 5-point Likert type. The results of the study showed that hearing-impaired people have a higher high school rate and physically person with disability have a higher bachelor's degree rate, but the primary education rate did not change between hearing and physically person with disability. Physical activity participation differed between hearing and physically person with disability, and it was observed that hearing-impaired people participated in more physical activities. The level of well-being of the physically disabled was significantly better than the hearing impaired. As conclusion, it is observed that the people with the lowest motivation to participate in sports are primary school graduates and those with high welfare have a high motivation to participate in sports.
Is early or late biological maturation trigger obesity? A machine learning modeling research in Turkey boys and girls
(Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) Gulu, Mehmet; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Yapici, Hakan; Irandoust, Khadijeh; Dogan, Ali Ahmet; Taheri, Morteza; Szura, Ewa
Biological maturation status can affect individual differences, sex, height, body fat, and body weight in adolescents and thus may be associated with obesity. The primary aim of this study was to examine the relationship between biological maturation and obesity. Overall, 1,328 adolescents (792 boys and 536 girls) aged 12.00 +/- 0.94-12.21 +/- 0.99 years, respectively (measured for body mass, body stature, sitting stature). Body weights were deter-mined with Tanita body analysis system and adolescent obesity status was calculated according to the WHO classification. Biological maturation was determined according to the somatic maturation method. Our results showed that boys mature 3.077-fold later than girls. Obesity was an increasing effect on early maturation. It was determined that being obese, overweight and healthy-weight increased the risk of early maturation 9.80, 6.99 and 1.81-fold, respectively. The equation of the model predicting maturation is: Logit (P) = 1/(1 + exp. (- (-31.386 + sex-boy * (1.124) + [chronological age = 10] * (-7.031) + [chronological age = 11] * (-4.338) + [chronological age = 12] * (-1.677) + age * (-2.075) + weight * 0.093 + height * (-0.141) + obesity * (-2.282) + overweight * (-1.944) + healthy weight * (-0.592)))). Logistic regression model predicted maturity with 80.7% [95% CI: 77.2-84.1%] accuracy. In addition, the model had a high sensitivity value (81.7% [76.2-86.6%]), which indicates that the model can successfully distinguish adolescents with early maturation. In conclusion, sex and obesity are independent predictors of maturity, and the risk of early maturation is increased, especially in the case of obesity and in girls.
Resistance Training to Muscle Failure with Variable Load Intensities: Implications for Post-Exercise Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability in Trained Men
(Mdpi, 2024) Gungor, Ali Kamil; Topcu, Huseyin; Aldhahi, Monira I.; Al-Mhanna, Sameer Badri; Gulu, Mehmet
Background: The modulation of cardiac sympathovagal balance alters following acute resistance training (RT) sessions. Nevertheless, the precise influence of RT at varying load intensities on this physiological response remains to be fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the time course of recovery following low- (40%), moderate- (60%), and high- (80%) load-intensity RT protocols performed up to muscle repetition failure in resistance-trained men. Method: Sixteen young, resistance-trained men (mean age: 21.6 +/- 2.5 years, mean height: 175.7 +/- 8.9 cm, mean weight: 77.1 +/- 11.3 kg) participated in a randomized crossover experimental design involving three sessions, each taken to the point of muscle failure. These sessions were characterized by different load intensities: low (40% of 1-repetition maximum, 1RM), moderate (60% of 1RM), and high (80% of 1RM). The exercise regimen comprised four exercises-back squat (BS), bench press (BnP), barbell row (BR), and shoulder press (SP)-with each exercise consisting of three sets. Throughout each session, heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure (BP) parameters were assessed both pre-exercise and during a 40 min post-exercise period, segmented into 10 min intervals for stabilization. Statistical analysis involved the use of a repeated measures ANOVA. Results: It was observed that the 40% and 60% RT sessions resulted in a significantly higher root mean square of successive R-R intervals (RMSSD) value compared to the 80% RT session in the post-exercise recovery process in 30 min (respectively, p = 0.025; p = 0.028) and 40 min (respectively, p = 0.031; p = 0.046), while the 40% and 60% RT sessions produced similar responses. The 40% RT session was significantly higher in the high frequency (HF) value post-exercise in 40 min compared to the 80% RT session (p = 0.045). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that engaging in resistance training (RT) sessions to muscle failure at an intensity of 80% induces acute increases in sympathetic activity, potentially leading to elevated cardiovascular stress. For individuals with normal blood pressure, it is advisable to opt for lighter loads and higher repetition volumes when prescribing RT, as heavier-load RT may carry an increased risk of cardiac-related factors.
The effect of 8-weeks of combined resistance training and chocolate milk consumption on maximal strength, muscle thickness, peak power and lean mass, untrained, university-aged males
(Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) Yapici, Hakan; Gulu, Mehmet; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Ugurlu, Dondu; Comertpay, Ertan; Eroglu, Oguz; Kocoglu, Melike
The overarching aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of chocolate milk consumption (500 mL) with 8-week of resistance training on muscle hypertrophy, body composition, and maximal strength in untrained healthy men. A total of 22 Participants were randomly divided into two experimental groups: combined resistance training (3 sessions per week for 8 weeks) and chocolate milk consumptions (include 30 g protein) Resistance Training Chocolate Milk (RTCM) (Age: 20.9 +/- 0.9 years old) and resistance training (RT) only (Age: 19.8 +/- 0.7 years old). Muscle thickness (MT), using a portable ultrasound, body composition, body mass, maximal strength (one repetition maximum (1 RM), counter movement jump (CMJ) and peak power (PP) were determined at baseline and 8 weeks later. In the RTCM, finding showed a significant improvement in the outcomes compared to the RT group, besides the main effect of time (pre and post). The 1 RM total increased by 36.7% in RTCM group compared to 17.6% increased in the RT group (p < 0.001). Muscle thickness increased by 20.8% in the RTCM group and 9.1% in the RT group (p < 0.001). In the RTCM group, the PP increased by 37.8% compared to only 13.8% increase in the RT group (p = 0.001). The group*time interaction effect was significant for MT, 1RM, CMJ, and PP (p < 0.05), and it was observed that the RTCM and the 8-week resistance training protocol maximized performance. Body fat percentage (%) decreased more in the RTCM (18.9%) group than in the RT (6.7%) group (p = 0.002). In conclusion, chocolate milk (500 mL) with high protein content consumed in addition to resistance training provided superior gains in terms of MT, 1 RM, body composition, CMJ, and PP. The finding of the study demonstrated the positive effect of casein-based protein (chocolate milk) and resistance training on the muscle performance. Chocolate milk consumption has a more positive effect on muscle strength when combined with RT and should be considered as a suitable post-exercise nutritional supplement. Future research could be conducted with a larger number of participants of different ages and longer study durations.

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