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Öğe Evaluation of peripheral olfactory pathways in chronic autoimmune thyroiditis(Springer, 2022) Inal, Mikail; Asal, Nese; Karahan, Irfan; Gungunes, Askin; Durmaz, Senay ArikanPurpose In this study, we aimed to radiologically evaluate the olfactory bulb (OB) volume and olfactory sulcus (OS) depth of adult patients diagnosed with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Methods Sixty-eight patients over 18 years of age with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and 66 healthy controls with normal thyroid function tests were included in the study. OB volume and OS depth measurements were performed using cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) obtained from coronal T2-weighted images. The relationship between thyroid function tests, autoantibodies, and measurements of the OB and OS were evaluated. Results The right and left OB volumes were significantly lower in the patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis than in the control group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the patient and control groups in terms of OS depth (p > 0.05). There were significantly negative correlations among TSH, thyroid antibodies, and the bilateral OB volume measurements. In the Bonferroni post hoc analysis, when people with euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis and the control group were compared, there was no statistically significant difference between bilateral OB volumes and thyroid function tests. Conclusion Diminished bilateral OB volumes were found in our patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Interestingly, the OB volumes were not affected in patients with euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis. When a decrease in OB volume is detected on MRI, it should be kept in mind that odor dysfunction in hypothyroid patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis may occur and patients should be clinically evaluated.Öğe Evaluation of the medial rectus muscle and optic nerve using strain and shear wave elastography in Graves' patients(SPRINGER, 2020) Ozdemir, Adnan; Sahan, Mehmet H.; Asal, Nese; Inal, Mikail; Gungunes, AskinPurpose The purpose of this study was to describe the elastic properties of the medial rectus muscle and optic nerve in Graves' patients without clinically apparent ophthalmopathy using strain elastography (SE) and shear wave elastography (SWE) and to determine whether these elastic properties could be used to aid in the diagnosis of the medial rectus muscle or optic nerve involvement. Materials and methods Thirty participants diagnosed with Graves' disease without ophthalmopathy and 30 healthy volunteers (control group) were prospectively examined between November 2018 and August 2019. SE and SWE findings in both groups were compared using the chi(2)test and the independent samplesttest. Results A statistically significant softening of the medial rectus muscle was observed in the SE patterns of the Graves' patients (p = 0.009). A statistically appreciable distinction was observed between the medial rectus muscle (7.64 +/- 2.1 and 9.20 +/- 1.7 kPa,p = 0.000) and the optic nerve (8.35 +/- 2.8 and 9.37 +/- 1.5 kPa,p = 0.019) in the SWE modulus of the Graves' patients and healthy volunteers. Conclusion SE and SWE can be used to identify structural alterations to the medial rectus muscle and optic nerve before clinically apparent Graves' ophthalmopathy has developed.Öğe Glycaemic index and glycaemic load of selected packaged vegan foods(Wiley, 2024) Gumus, Aylin Bayindir; Keser, Alev; Gokgoz, Murat; Gungunes, AskinWhile there are data regarding the glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) of many foods in the literature, the values for packaged vegan analogue foods have not been previously published, although processed vegan foods usually contain more carbohydrates than their animal-based counterparts. This study was carried out to determine the GI and GL values of a selection of packaged vegan foods popular in T & uuml;rkiye. To determine the GI and GL of test foods, 12 healthy volunteer females participated in the study. Participants randomly consumed test and reference foods (glucose and white bread) on each trial day, and capillary blood glucose was measured at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 mins in duplicate. The GIs of vegan schnitzel, vegan chickpea burger, vegan mince pita, vegan chocolate, vegan snack bar and vegan cheese were 26.1 +/- 19.61 (low), 27.1 +/- 17.21 (low), 65.1 +/- 28.60 (moderate), 42.7 +/- 22.32 (low), 63.6 +/- 45.86 (moderate), 36.4 +/- 16.85 (low), respectively, according to the glucose reference, and were 28.2 +/- 16.17 (low), 34.7 +/- 18.26 (low), 81.2 +/- 31.96 (high), 48.8 +/- 12.87 (low), 82.0 +/- 54.05 (high), 46.7 +/- 28.66 (low), respectively, according to the white bread reference. GLs were 3.5 +/- 2.66 (low), 8.6 +/- 5.46 (low), 26.6 +/- 11.67 (high), 6.1 +/- 3.19 (low), 14.2 +/- 10.28 (moderate), 5.7 +/- 2.63 (low), respectively, according to the glucose reference, and were 3.8 +/- 2.19 (low), 11.0 +/- 5.80 (moderate), 33.1 +/- 13.04 (high), 7.0 +/- 1.84 (low), 18.4 +/- 12.12 (moderate), 7.3 +/- 4.47 (low), respectively, according to the white bread reference. The data from this study provide preliminary data for the GIs and GLs of packaged and processed vegan foods and show that the GIs and GLs of meat and cheese vegan analogues, while still low or moderate, tend to be higher than their animal-based counterparts which have lower or no glycaemic responses. Further research on the GIs and GLs of more vegan foods is needed.Öğe Is There a Relationship between Optic Nerve and Chiasm Measurements with HbA1c Levels in Diabetic Patients?(Thieme Medical Publ Inc, 2023) Sarikaya, Pelin Zeynep Bekin; Muluk, Nuray Bayar; Ozdemirl, Adnan; Gungunes, AskinObjectives We investigated the optic nerve (ON) and chiasm (OC) in magnetic resonance (MR) in diabetic patients by comparing them with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels.Methods In this retrospective study, cranial MRIs of 42 adults (19 males and 23 females) with diabetes mellitus (DM) (group1) and 40 healthy controls (19 males and 21 females) (group 2) were included. In both groups, bilateral ON widths and OC area, width, and height were measured. In the DM group, HbA1c values were also obtained at the time of MRI or within the same month.Results In the DM group, the mean of the HbA1c values was 8.31 & PLUSMN; 2.51%. There were no significant differences between ON diameter; and OC area, width and height of the DM and control groups ( p > 0.05). In each of the DM and control groups, ON diameter was not different between the right and left sides ( p > 0.05). In DM groups, correlation tests showed that there were positive correlations between right and left ON diameters, OC area and OC width, and OC height ( p < 0.05). In males, ON diameters were higher than those in females bilaterally ( p < 0.05). In patients with higher HbA1c values, OC width was smaller ( p < 0.05).Conclusion A significant correlation of OC width and HbA1c levels suggests that uncontrolled DM causes ON atrophy. Our study represents a thorough assessment of OC measures using standard brain MRI to evaluate optic degeneration in DM patients and shows that the OC width measurement is suitable and reliable. This simple method can be obtained from clinically available scans.Öğe Non-functioning adrenal incidentalomas may increase toxic metabolites(Springer Wien, 2022) Karahan, Irfan; Ceylan, Senay Durmaz; Gungunes, Askin; Cifci, Aydin; Eker, Fatih; Kisa, UclerBackground Non-functioning adrenal incidentaloma (NFAI) is a frequent diagnosis with increasing radiological tests. The emerging shreds of evidence showed that they might have negative cardiometabolic effects. The study aimed to investigate whether the toxic metabolites, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels, were altered in NFAI patients. Methods We included 43 NFAI patients and 41 controls with similar ages and body mass indices in the study. We compared plasma ADMA levels of both groups and noted the radiological features of NFAIs. Results The ADMA levels were significantly higher in NFAI patients than in the control group (307.04 ng/ml, range 81.89-577.7 ng/ml vs 192.54 ng/ml, range 70.61-440.26 ng/ml, p = 0.001). Nevertheless, we could not reach a significant correlation between ADMA levels and mass size. Conclusion The ADMA is known as a toxin and is increased in NFAI patients. NFAIs may not be innocent and may be considered a potential risk for the body. Further investigations were needed for more explanations.Öğe Nonfunctional adrenal incidentalomas may be related to bisphenol-A(SPRINGER, 2020) Eker, Fatih; Gungunes, Askin; Durmaz, Senay; Kisa, Ucler; Celik, Zeynep RumeysaPurpose Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that may affect the hormones and their receptors. The aim of this study is to determine whether BPA has an effect on the development of nonfunctional adrenal incidentaloma (NFAI). Methods Fifty patients who were admitted to endocrinology outpatient clinics and diagnosed as NFAI were included in the study. Fifty healthy people without adrenal mass and adrenal pathology in the upper abdominal computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging were also included as control group. Age, gender and body mass index of the study groups were similar. The serum samples for BPA were stored at -80 degrees C in refrigerator until working in the lab. Serum BPA levels were measured using ELISA technique. Results Mean serum BPA level was 7.06 +/- 3.96 ng/ml in NFAI patients and 4.79 +/- 3.01 ng/ml in control group. Serum BPA level was significantly higher in NFAI group than control group (p = 0.001). Serum BPA levels were also found to be significantly higher in women with NFAI than in men with NFAI (p = 0.019). Conclusions The mechanisms of NFAI development have not been clarified yet. Increased BPA exposure with developed industrialization may play a role in NFAI formation. For the reduction of BPA exposure, the use of plastic prepacked products, plastic containers, and safety measures are essential for public health.Öğe Pancreas and kidney changes in type 2 diabetes patients: the role of diffusion-weighted imaging(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2021) Sahan, Mehmet Hamdi; Ozdemir, Adnan; Asal, Nese; Karadeniz Bilgili, Yasemin Mirace; Dogan, Adil; Gungunes, AskinBackground/aim: The aim of this study was to compare renal and pancreatic apparent diffusion-coefficient (ADC) values of diabetic patients and control subjects and to examine their potential association with several diabetes-related clinical parameters. Materials and methods: A total of 80 sex-and age-matched patients were included in the study. Of them, 40 were patients with type 2 diabetes and 40 were nondiabetic participants. Abdominal diffusion-weighted MRIs of both groups were retrospectively reviewed. Diabetes-related clinical parameters were recorded. Results: The difference between the mean ADC values of the patient group and the control group was significant (p = 0.012). It was also found that the mean pancreatic ADC values of diabetic patients and the control group significantly differed (p = 0.02). Besides, there were positive correlations between the mean pancreatic ADC values and age, Hb1Ac level, treatment type, and disease duration (p < 0.05). While eGFR values positively correlated with the mean renal ADC values (p < 0.05), there were negative correlations between such values and age, serum creatinine level, and disease duration (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Renal and pancreatic ADC values of diabetic patients could potentially play a role, as markers of renal and pancreatic functions, in clinical decisions in the follow-up of such patients.Öğe Ultrasound Elastography of the Median Nerve in Patients With Acromegaly: A Case-Control Study(Wiley, 2018) Burulday, Veysel; Dogan, Adil; Sahan, Mehmet Hamdi; Arikan, Senay; Gungunes, AskinObjectives The aim of this study was to compare the cross-sectional area and ultrasound elastographic findings of the median nerve of patients with acromegaly and healthy participants. Methods The acromegaly group comprised 15 patients with a previous diagnosis of acromegaly, and an age- and sex-matched control group included healthy participants. Strain elastographic and shear wave elastographic findings and the cross-sectional areas of the groups were compared. A 6-15-MHz multifrequency transducer was used for ultrasound evaluations. Results A total of 30 hands of 15 patients with acromegaly (7 male and 8 female) with a mean ageSD of 50.00 +/- 10.17 years and 40 hands of 20 healthy control participants (9 male and 11 female) with a mean age of 49.50 +/- 10.17 years were taken into consideration for statistical analyses. The cross-sectional area of the patients with acromegaly was significantly higher than that of the healthy controls (13.43 +/- 3.12 versus 8.32 +/- 1.94mm(2); P<.05). Median nerve stiffness was significantly increased in the acromegaly group compared with the control group (axial and longitudinal, 37.15 +/- 6.4 and 37.0 +/- 6.19 versus 18.7 +/- 4.1 and 19.2 +/- 3.58 kPa, respectively; P<.001). Conclusions These preliminary results have demonstrated that patients with acromegaly seem to have increased stiffness and cross-sectional area of the median nerve compared with healthy participants.
