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    Double punch to the better than nothing: physical activity participation of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Gurkan, Rifat Kerem; Kocak, Funda
    Participation in physical activity (PA) come about differently in each individual. Investigating how it occurs in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is seen as an area that does not receive enough attention. In this paper, which was designed to get more information and contribute to the field, the participation of adolescents with ASD in PA was examined in line with the socio-ecological model through the opinions of 17 Turkish parents. Semi-structured interviews well-used to understand the perspective of parents', and as a main themes constraints and facilitating factors affecting participation of adolescents with ASD in PA were determined. When investigated in terms of intrapersonal factors, which are the first stage of the model, are examined, it is seen that ASD related problems as a constraint and experiences as a facilitator were the foremost themes. Interpersonal constraints were prejudice and family attitude while facilitators were family attitude and attitude of close surroundings. In environmental factors, the main constraints were adapted physical activity (APA) opportunities, while facilitators were neighborhood and facilities. While negative PA approaches of organizations was an institutional constraint, positive PA approach of organizations was a facilitator. In the final stages of the model, in terms of public policy, the constraint was not meeting expectations of current policies and the facilitator was improvements in policies. Consequently, it was understood that adolescents with ASD still participate in PA in some way even though they encounter many constraints when participating in physical activities, the constraints outweigh the facilitating factors.
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    Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Participation in Physical Activity of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: The True-Life Experiences of Parents
    (Ankara Univ, Fac Educational Sciences, 2023) Sarol, Halil; Durmus, Kubra; Gurkan, Rifat Kerem
    Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly spread throughout the whole world and negatively affected individuals' participation in physical activity. In this context, the purpose of the research is to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the participation in physical activity of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) from the perspective of their parents.Method: Ten parents (6 mothers and 4 fathers) with children diagnosed with ASD constituted the sample group for the research designed by the phenomenological qualitative research method. A semi-structured interview form and a personal information form were used as data collection tools. The data analysis was performed using the content analysis method.Findings: In the direction of the findings obtained from the research, four inclusive themes were determined. These are a) the effects of the pandemic on life; b) the difficulties encountered during the period of the pandemic; c) the necessity of physical activity; and d) the changing events. Under these themes, there are 12 sub-themes in total.Discussion: The parents expressed that the practices performed for the sake of decreasing the propagation rate of the virus had negatively affected especially the education, parent relationships, and active lifestyles of children with ASD. According to the parents, the physical activity habits of children with ASD significantly changed, and usually, home-based events were performed during the restrictions. The parents specified that they had understood how extremely important the participation in physical activity of children with ASD was during the period of the pandemic.
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    Öğe
    Perceived constraints and facilitators of participation in physical activity by individuals with autism spectrum disorders
    (PROJACK, 2020) Gurkan, Rifat Kerem; Kocak, Funda
    Introduction. The purpose of this study is to examine the nature and context of parent perspectives of physical activity for their children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Methods. In the study, one of the qualitative research methods, semi-structured interview technique was used as the research design phenomenology method. In addition to demographic information form, participants were asked about the factors that facilitate or constraints their children's participation in physical activity and the benefits of physical activity. Criterion sampling, one of the purposive sampling methods, was used in the study. The study group consisted of 11 parents whose ages ranged from 37 to 55 years (Mage = 44.09, SD = 6.59) and children participated to physical activity rehabilitation program which was carried out by a special education and rehabilitation center. Thematic analysis method was used for data analysis. Results. Three themes being constraints in physical activity, facilitators in physical activity and benefits of physical activity were reported. In the study, most frequently reported constraints were intrapersonal and the most commonly reported facilitator was also intrapersonal. Parents' opinions suggest that interpersonal factors and structural factors are important for special education students with ASD to continue their participation in physical activity. Conclusion. As a result, it is seen that the parents of individuals with ASD encounter some constraints in directing their children to physical activity, however due to the benefits obtained despite these constraints, their children continue to participate in physical activity.
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    The road to championship: An example of an individual with autism spectrum disorder
    (Gdansk Univ Physical Education & Sport, 2022) Sarol, Halil; Gurkan, Rifat Kerem; Gurbuz, Bulent
    The aim of this research is to investigate the road to championship of an individual with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) who began physical activity in childhood under parental influence and won medals in competition as an athlete. In this research, founded on the phenomenological pattern from qualitative research models, data were collected in a semi-structured interview. Face-to-face interviews were held with the family, coach and the research participant. The content analysis method was used. The individual with ASD began a physical activity program in a special education center in childhood under parental influence and psychiatric referral. The individual with ASD continued in long-term regular physical activity. It was stated that physical activity provided many benefits like socialization, healthy lifestyle, development of motor skills. With the awareness of the individual's ability for physical activity, they were directed toward a sport with parental support and through a coach. In conclusion, parental influence on physical activity and sport was effective in the individual with ASD to begin. Physical activity and sport also provided many significant benefits, and these benefits were effective in the continuation. The individual was observed to achieve success in their sports discipline as a result of this process.