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    Development and validation of SYBR Green- and probe-based reverse-transcription real-time PCR assays for detection of the S and M segments of Schmallenberg virus
    (SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2020) Azkur, Ahmet Kursat; van der Poel, Wim H. M.; Aksoy, Emel; Hakze-van der Honing, Renate; Yildirim, Murat; Yildiz, Kader
    Schmallenberg virus (SBV), discovered in Germany in 2011, causes congenital malformations in ruminants. Reverse-transcription real-time PCR (RT-rtPCR) assays based on various segments of SBV have been developed for molecular detection. We developed alternative RT-rtPCR assays for SBV detection to avoid earlier reported mutations and hypervariable regions of the S and M segments of the viral genome. For SYBR Green-based detection of the S segment, theR(2)value and efficiency of the developed assay were 0.99 and 99%, respectively. For probe-based S segment detection, 2 assays were developed; the first had anR(2)value of 0.99 and 102% efficiency, and the second had aR(2)value of 0.98 and 86% efficiency. The probe-based M segment assay had anR(2)value of 1.00 and 103% efficiency. Detection limits of the RT-rtPCR assays with new primer sets were 10(2)and 10(1)copies/mu L for the S and M segments, respectively. Field samples from cattle and sheep were also used for primary validation of the developed assays. Our assays should be suitable for SBV detection in ruminants and for in vitro studies of various SBV strains.