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    The Effect of Body Mass Index on the Clinical Course of Appendicitis in Children
    (Ortadogu Ad Pres & Publ Co, 2012) Aslan, Mustafa Kemal; Cesur, Ozkan; Soyer, Tutku; Hancerliogullari, Oymen; Turkmen, Feyza; Cakmak, Murat
    Objective: A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the clinical course of appendicitis in children. Material and Methods: Patients between 6 and 18 years of age, who had undergone appendectomy in the last 2 years, were evaluated for age, sex, BMI, time from the beginning of complaints to diagnosis, acute Or perforated appendicitis, duration of hospitalization and complications retrospectively. BMI was evaluated according to percentiles developed for Turkish children between 6 and 18 years of age. Patients with percentiles between 10 to 75 were accepted as the normal BMI group, lower than 10 was the low BMI group and more than 75 was assessed as the high BMI group. Results: Ninety-six patients were included in the study. The median age was 13 (min: 6, max:16) in the normal BMI group [n=37, male/female (M/F)=1.84], 12(6-16) in the low BMI group (n=38, M/F=1.53) and 9(6-15) in the high BMI group (n=21, M/F=3.2). The acute/perforated appendicitis ratios were 3.1, 2.8 and 1.3, respectively in the normal, low and high BMI groups. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the time from the beginning of complaints to diagnosis and duration of hospitalization (p>0.05). Although complication rates showed no difference between the normal and low BMI groups, the high BMI group had a higher incidence of complications compared to the normal and low BMI groups (p=0.04 and p=0.018,respectively). The follow-up period of the patients were 2 months to 2 years and the most common complication was wound infection. Conclusion: Children with high BMI have higher complication rates during the clinical course of appendicitis compared to children with low and normal BMI.
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    In vitro sensitivity of rat esophagus to agonists in different alkaline mediums
    (W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2012) Hancerliogullari, Oymen; Cakmak, Murat; Soyer, Tutku; Aktuna, Zuhal
    Aim: An in vitro study was performed to determine the in vitro sensitivity of rat esophagi to contracting and relaxing agonists in different alkaline mediums. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four Wistar rats weighing 200 to 250 g were included in the study. After inducing anesthesia with thiopental sodium (50 mg/kg), the rats were killed, and the distal esophagus (DE) and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) were removed. Excised tissues were suspended under 0.6 g of resting tension in a tissue bath containing 10 mL of Tyrode solution at 37 degrees C. The esophageal segments were divided into 4 groups, each with a different pH medium: 7.4, 7.6, 7.8, and 8. To evaluate the smooth muscle activity of the rat esophagus in different alkaline mediums, cholinergic agonist carbachol (a cholinergic agonosit) and KCl (which acts on calcium channels) were added to the organ baths to obtain concentration-dependent contraction responses. Relaxation responses were obtained using an adrenergic agonist, isoproterenole. Data obtained from different pH mediums were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric analysis of variance and post hoc Dunn's test. Results: The pH of the medium has no effect on the concentration-dependent contracting responses to carbachol in the DE, but responses obtained in pH 8 medium were significantly lower in the GEJ (P < .05). In pH 8 medium, concentration-dependent relaxation responses to isoproterenole were also significantly lower (P < .05). When contractile responses to KCl were evaluated, the groups with pH 7.6 and 7.8 medium were found to have higher responses in the DE segments than other groups (P < .05). However, the GEJ segments had lower contractile responses to KCl in pH 8 medium (P < .05). Conclusion: Although different alkaline mediums caused no alteration in esophageal smooth muscle responses to cholinergic stimulation, GEJ responses were lower in pH 8 medium. Relaxation responses, owing to increased adrenergic activity, decreased when the pH of the medium was increased to 8. Calcium-dependent contractions caused by KCl decreased in both segments in pH 8 medium but increased in the DE in pH 7.6 medium. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.