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Öğe Blood lead levels of primary school children in Kırıkkale(2006) Şanlı, Cihat; Hizel, Selda; Koçak, Ülker; Albayrak, MeryemThe aim of this study was to a determine the relation of blood lead levels socio-economical and nutrition status in primary school children in Kirikkale. Socio-economical and demographical information and blood were obtained. For the 533 children (7-16 years old) from four primary schools which were selected according to their distance from the factories which use lead. The mean blood lead levels of the children were found to be 2.54 ±1.44 ?g/dl (min 0 - max 6.5 ?g/dl). The mean blood lead levels in the schools close to the high-risk area were higher than those observed in the distant schools. It was observed that as the extent of malnutrition increased, the blood lead levels decreased. No significant relation was found between blood lead levels and socioeconomical status. The blood lead levels of the children in Kirikkale are within the accepted range considered to be normal. Children residing closer to the industrial areas are exposed to more lead more and therefore they should be followed up more closely and regularly.Öğe Clinical and histopathological findings in Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome(Mosby, Inc, 2005) Erkek, Emel; Hizel, Selda; Şanlı, Cihat; Erkek, A. Bülent; Tombakoglu, M; Bozdoğan, Önder; Akarsu, CengizBannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis with the classical triad of macrocephaly, genital lentiginosis, and intestinal polyposis. Characteristic mucocutaneous manifestations include vascular malformations, lipomatosis, speckled lentiginosis of the penis or vulva, facial verrucae-like or acanthosis nigricans-like lesions, and multiple acrochordons of the neck, axilla, and groin. We present a case of Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome with macrocephaly, abnormal facies, lipoma, tender and painful arteriovenous hemangiomas, lymphangiokeratomas, musculoskeletal abnormalities, and localized myopathy. We also describe previously unreported findings, including peripheral neuropathy, punctate cystic changes in acral tubular bones, and enostosis of talus. Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome needs recognition by dermatologists because affected patients may present with mucocutaneous and subcutaneous lesions that may simulate other dermatological disorders.Öğe Could Lower Bone Turnover be a Cause of Chest Pain During Childhood?(Springer, 2010) Şanli, Cihat; Akalın, Nursel; Koçak, Ülker; Erol, Reyhan; Albayrak, Meryem; Aliefendioglu, Didem; Hizel, SeldaChest pain, a frequent complaint during childhood, rarely originates from a cardiac pathology. Although it usually is idiopathic, it also could be associated with psychogenic, musculoskeletal, respiratory, and digestive disorders. This study aimed to investigate a possible relation between bone mineral density and chest pain in children. Bone mineral density and bone metabolism parameters were measured for 50 children with chest pain, and the findings were compared with those for 40 age- and sex-matched healthy children. Most of the cases (64%) were in the idiopathic group, and musculoskeletal chest pain was the second most frequent complaint (12%). Although bone mineral densities and osteocalcin levels did not differ significantly between the whole chest pain group and the control group, both were found to be lower in the musculoskeletal chest pain group than in other groups and the control group (p < 0.05). Musculoskeletal chest pain may be related to reduced bone mineral metabolism, and monitoring of risk factors is of particular importance.Öğe Helicobacter pylori infection in mother and infant pairs in Anatolia(Aves, 2010) Hizel, Selda; Ozden, Ali; Tanzer, Fatos; Kisa, Ucler; Misirlioglu, Emine Dibek; Buyukkayhan, Derya; Kisa, OzgulBackground/aims: The aim of this prospective study was to determine the seroprevalence rates of Helicobacter pylori in mother and infant pairs and to discuss the possible fecal-oral transmission route of Helicobacter pylori infection in the early years of life. Methods: Forty-eight mother-child pairs were followed for 12 months. Helicobacter pylori IgG and hepatitis A virus (HAV) IgG levels were measured in maternal sera, infant sera and breast-milk samples at birth and in breast-milk samples and infant sera at follow-up visits. Results: At birth, the rate of Helicobacter pylori positivity was 81.25% in breast-milk and 95.8% in maternal and infant sera. Although there was a decrease in seropositivity in both baby sera and breast-milk at the age of nine months, an increase was observed in the 12(th) month. Hepatitis A virus IgG was measured to show whether Helicobacter pylori and hepatitis A virus use the same transmission routes. Hepatitis A was positive in all infants' sera, in 95.8% of mothers' sera, and in 68.75% of breast-milk samples. Seropositivity rates in infants whose mothers were seropositive for Helicobacter pylori and hepatitis A virus decreased gradually. There was an increase after the 9(th) month of life. Conclusions: Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence rates are high in Anatolia. It is possible that the decrease in breastfeeding with increased introduction of supplemental foods may lead to an increased risk of exposure to Helicobacter pylori.Öğe MOTHERS' KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND BEHAVIOUR CONCERNING CHILDHOOD CANCER IN A RURAL ANATOLIAN PROVINCE(Gazi Univ, Fac Med, 2009) Hizel, Selda; Toprak, Sule; Albayrak, Meryem; Sanli, Cihat; Kocak, UlkerPurpose: Cancer is a physical disease but it has mental and social components. It is usually perceived as an illness that suggests death involving feelings of guilt, panic, hostility, aggression, anxiety, loneliness, and helplessness. It was reported that 50% of the parents of cancer patients had psychiatric disorders and that 73% of these were depressive disorders. The main reason for the anxiety is the close association of the illness with death and a lack of knowledge about childhood cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes and anxiety level of mothers regarding childhood cancers. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 300 mothers of children who presented to Kirikkale University, Medical School, Pediatrics Department and two health centers in central Kirikkale. Questionnaires consisting of 38 questions were completed by a research assistant by face-to-face interviews after permission was obtained from the mothers. The mothers' knowledge was regarded as good if 8-10 of the 10 knowledge questions about cancer were answered correctly, while 4-7 indicated moderate knowledge and 0-3 poor knowledge. Results: At least one cancer patient in their close community was known to 40.3% of the mothers. Information on cancer was mostly obtained from healthcare centers (20.7%), the media (35.3%), friends and relatives (10.7%), or both the media and friends and relatives (33.3%). The most widely known childhood cancers were leukemia and lymphoma. The rate of cancer screening among the participants was 7.3% (n=22). There was no significant correlation between having a family member with cancer and undergoing screening for cancer (p>0.05). The three main reasons for cancer were stated as smoking, food, and alcohol. The rate of smoking among the mothers was 57% and smoking was more common among mothers with less knowledge although this difference was not statistically significant. Twenty-three percent of the participants thought that cancer could not be treated. Mostly mothers stated that they would feel great sorrow and would experience great anxiety if they had a child with cancer. Only 22.7% of the mothers had sufficient knowledge about cancer. Anxiety on a subject exists when the level of information is inadequate. However, we found no correlation between the anxiety levels and the level of information about cancer among the mothers. Moreover, 71.7% of the mothers stated that they would not tell their child if he or she were diagnosed with cancer, while 7.7% said that they would not know what to do in that situation. Conclusion: The level of kowledge about cancer among the public is inadequate and thisresults in subjective value judgments, which directly influence anxiety levels. Therefore, parents need to be informed more extensively about the prevention and treatment of cancer to decrease their anxiety.Öğe Plasma free carnitine levels in 0-12-month-old infants in relation to feeding styles(2006) Hizel, Selda; Kiliç, Fatma Kaya; Şanlı, Cihat; Coşkun, Turgay; Önal, SaniyeThis study was planned to determine the blood carnitine levels of children aged 0-1 year in Kirikkale. Blood samples were taken on Guthrie cards and plasma free carnitine levels were analyzed by tandem mass specteometry. The mean free carnitine level was 25.12 ± 10.1 ?mol/L (10.1-49.5 ?mol/L). To assess the plasma free carnitine levels according to feeding style, babies were grouped as exclusively breastfed (n = 67, 49.3%), artificially fed (n = 24, 17.7%), and mixed fed (n = 45, 33%). The exclusively breastfed infants displayed the lowest free carnitine levels (p < 0.05). However, when this was analyzed in accordance with age, no significant change was observed in plasma free carnitine levels according to feeding style. Results of this study are important as they reveal an indication about the normal values of plasma free carnitine in Turkish infants and their relationship to feeding styles. © Hogrefe & Huber Publishers.Öğe Traditional beliefs as forgotten influencing factors on breast-feeding performance in Turkey(Saudi Med J, 2006) Hizel, Selda; Ceyhun, Gül; Tanzer, Fatoş; Şanlı, CihatObjectives: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify the infant feeding practices and to evaluate the attitudes and beliefs of mothers on breast-feeding in Turkey. Methods: This study was established in 10 provinces of Turkey between December 2000 and March 2001 and the study group was comprised of 1,767 women between the ages of 15-49 years (mean 27.6 +/- 6.4 years). Questionnaires were self-filled by mothers in the waiting rooms of the health centers. Results: One hundred seventy-three women (9.9%) were illiterate, 829 (47.7%) had <= 5 years of schooling, and 83.4% were housewives. A significant number of women have traditional beliefs related to breast-feeding practices. According to 23.4% of the women at least 3 calls to prayer (average 12 hours) should be waited before the first breast-feeding postpartum and more than 30% of the mothers believe that colostrum should not be given to the newborn, some mothers' breast milk could harm their babies, and an evil eye could harm their breast milk. The traditional belief status and educational status of the women differed significantly between provinces, lower educational status and higher rates of women with traditional beliefs were observed in less developed eastern provinces. Overall, 60.6% of the women were knowledgeable on breast-feeding practices, whereas only 13.5% were scored as good in attitudes. Among all women with breast-feed babies, 35.8% started supplementary feeding in the first 3 months of life. Mother's age, education, occupation and traditional beliefs did not have a significant effect on supplementation time. Conclusions: As a result, these findings suggest the importance of taking into account the customs, local beliefs and family influences in planning community health programs.Öğe TRADITIONAL CHILD CARE PROCEDURES IN AN ANATOLIAN CITY(Gazi Univ, Fac Med, 2009) Aliefendioglu, Didem; Hizel, Selda; Misirlioglu, Emine Dibek; Sanli, Cihat; Albayrak, Meryem; Oktay, AylaPurpase Traditional procedures as old as humanity are current issues in today's modern medicine. Social and cultural characteristics influencing child care behavior and some procedures could be detrimental to the baby. The aim of this study was to determine traditional child care procedures in the central Anatolian city of Kirikkale, a city established after extensive migration. Method: Randomly chosen mothers were asked to fill in a questionnaire. The sociodemographic characteristics and traditional practices of the mothers were assessed. The results were compared by using the chi-square test. The relationships between the traditional procedures used by the mothers and the age at marriage and educational status were analyzed with logistic regression models. Results: A total of 974 mothers aged 18-60 years were interviewed. Of these, 201 (43%) were less than 30 years old. The average age at marriage was 17 or younger for 29% of the group and the age at first pregnancy was 17 or younger in 16%. Forty-eight percent of all were using at least one traditional procedure. Swaddling was the most commonly used method (27.2%). These practices were seen at higher rates in women with education of less than eight years' duration, among those who had married at 17 years of age or younger, and among those for whom more than 10 years had passed since their last pregnancy (p<0.05). Conclusion: Traditional procedures for baby care are still in use today. However, procedures that may be harmful to the baby are used less often by younger and better educated mothers. This result indicates that educating mothers is crucial and that the social fabric has changed somewhat over the years.
