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Öğe Causality Relation between Real Exchange Rate and International Trade in Agricultural Production - The Case of Turkey(Bc Grup Inc, 2019) Bilgin, Onur; Isik, H. BayramIn this paper, the long-term causality relationship between the reel effective exchange rate and agricultural foreign trade was examined by considering 1996-2018. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Johansen Cointegration test and Granger Causality test were used to determine the causality relationship between the variables. The ADF unit root test showed that the series were not stationary in level values and were stationary at the first difference. The result of Johansen Cointegration test indicated the existence of at least one cointegration vector. As a result of the Granger Causality test there was one-way granger causality relationship from agricultural import to agricultural export.Öğe Corruption and Income Inequality in OECD Countries(Bc Grup Inc, 2017) Isik, H. Bayram; Kaya, M. Veysel; Doyar, Bayram Veli…Öğe The Effect of R&D Expenditures on Economic Growth: An Application at the Level of Spain NUTS-2 Regions(Bc Grup Inc, 2017) Isik, H. Bayram; Kilinc, Nazan Sahbaz; Kilinc, Efe Can…Öğe Openness and the Effects of Monetary Policy on the Exchange Rates: An Empirical Analysis(Sejong Univ, Center Int Economics, 2005) Isik, Nihat; Acar, Mustafa; Isik, H. BayramThis paper examines whether the effects of monetary policy on the exchange rates depend on the degree of openness of an economy. Theoretically, it can be shown that the effect of openness on the ability of money to influence the exchange rate is ambiguous. In light of this, the purpose of this study is to investigate how the relationship between monetary policy and exchange rate is affected by openness, hence shedding some light on the theoretical ambiguity. Using annual data for a panel of 41 countries for the period 1988-2000, the paper's empirical results indicate that the effects of monetary policy on the exchange rates are negatively affected by economy's openness. It seems that the more open the economy, the smaller is the depreciation effects of a given increase in the money growth rate. More interestingly, contrary to conventional expectations, monetary expansions in developed countries do not seem to result in depreciation of the domestic currency.Öğe Pros and Cons of Sovereign Wealth Funds: A Snapshot Analysis for Turkey(Bc Grup Inc, 2017) Isik, H. Bayram; Kaya, M. Veysel; Ozdemir, Mehmet Gokhan…Öğe The Relationship Between Economic Freedoms and the Informal Economy: An Application on the Member States of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation(Bc Grup Inc, 2019) Isik, H. Bayram; Yilmaz, Suet Serhat; Isik, NihatThe reduction and ultimately the elimination of the informal economy emerges as an important problem for the countries in terms of effectively collecting tax revenues, preventing unfair competition and increasing confidence for the state. Increasing economic freedoms contributes to the reduction of such economic activities. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of economic freedoms on informal economy for the member states of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). It covers annual panel data of 44 countries from 1999 to 2015. In the study, Fixed Effects and Random Effects Models are applied. The findings of the study point out that there was statistically significant and negative relationship between economic freedoms and informal economy. According to the results, one-point increase in Economic Freedom Index led to a nearly 0.13% reduction in the size of informal economy.Öğe The Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Innovation: A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis(Eskisehir Osmangazi Univ, Fac Education, 2016) Isik, H. Bayram; Isik, Nihat; Kilinc, Efe CanEntrepreneurship and innovation are two of the most pervasive concepts of our times. Innovation and entrepreneurship have been one of the factors that provide developing countries to reach higher development stages as well as developed countries and to perform economic and social transformations and will continue. In this study, the relationship between innovation and entrepreneurship were examined for OECD countries for the period of 1990-2011 using dynamic panel data models. Results showed that the innovation and entrepreneurship have a long-term relationship, whereas in the short term there was no such indication. Accordingly, 1% increase in business ownership rate would increase the private sector R&D expenditures by 5.9%. Analysis results also showed that; the coefficients of error correction parameters of Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, South Korea, Mexico, Poland, Slovakia, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States were meaningful and revealed a long term relationship in these countries.Öğe The Relationship Between Health Expenditures and Life Expectancy in D-8 Countries: A Panel Data Analysis(Bc Grup Inc, 2019) Kilinc, Efe Can; Isik, Nihat; Isik, H. BayramIn recent years, the technological developments in the field of health, better nutrition conditions and the increase in the quality of public health services have increased the life expectancy of people. Access to health services has been facilitated through the integration of countries. In addition, the contribution of the scientific studies and the R&D expenditures in the field of health has been high in the prolongation of life. In this study, the effect of health expenditures on life expectancy in D-8 countries for the period of 2000-2015 is analyzed by using panel data methods. The findings indicate that; health expenditures, per capita income, high technology exports and food index increase the life expectancy.
