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    Novel amoxicillin nanoparticles formulated as sustained release delivery system for poultry use
    (Wiley, 2018) Guncum, E.; Bakirel, T.; Anlas, C.; Ekici, H.; Isiklan, N.
    Amoxicillin is used in the treatment and prevention of a wide range of diseases in poultry breeding. However, its short half-life and low bioavailability restrict its clinical application in these species. Entrapment of drugs into polymeric nanoparticles (nps) presents a means to improve gastrointestinal absorption and oral bioavailability of drugs. This study was aimed to overcome limitation of amoxicillin use in poultry breeding. Amoxicillin was loaded into sodium alginate-polyvinyl alcohol (NaAlg-PVA) blend nps, and characterization of the prepared nps was performed. For pharmacokinetic study, commercial male broilers were used and comparative pharmacokinetics of free and nanoparticle form of amoxicillin were investigated. Twenty-one broilers were divided into three groups. All groups received 10mg/kg drug. Blood samples were collected, and drug plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC. The results demonstrated that the particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and loading capacity of the nps were 513.96 +/- 19.46nm, -45.36 +/- 1.35mV, 43.66 +/- 3.30, and 12.06 +/- 0.83%, respectively. In vitro drug release exhibited a biphasic pattern with an initial burst release of 18% within 2hr followed by a sustained release over 22hr. The pharmacokinetic results showed that amoxicillin nps have higher bioavailability and longer plasma half-life (p<.01) than free amoxicillin. These results indicate that amoxicillin nano formulation is suitable for oral administration in broilers.
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    Öğe
    Permeation and separation characteristics of acetic acid/water mixtures through poly(vinyl alcohol-g-itaconic acid) membranes by pervaporation, evapomeation, and temperature-difference evapomeation
    (Wiley, 2004) Isiklan, N.; Sanli, O.
    In this study, itaconic acid (IA) was grafted onto poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate as an initiator at 45degreesC. The grafted PVA was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. IA-grafted PVA membranes were prepared with a casting method, and the permeation and separation characteristics of acetic acid/water mixtures were investigated with pervaporation (PV), evapomeation (EV) and temperature-difference evapomeation (TDEV) methods. The effects of the feed composition, operating temperature, and temperature of the membrane surroundings on the permeation rate and separation factor for the acetic acid/water mixtures were studied. The permeation rates in EV were lower than those in PV, whereas the separation factors were higher. With the TDEV method, the permeation rates decreased and the separation factors increased as the temperature of the membrane surroundings decreased. The prepared membranes were also tested in PV, EV, and TDEV to separate the various compositions of the acetic acid/water mixtures (20-90 wt % acetic acid) at 40degreesC. The highest separation factor, 686, was obtained in TDEV with a 90 wt % acetic acid concentration in the feed. The activation energies of permeation in PV and EV were calculated to be 8.5 and 10.2 kcal/mol, respectively, for a 20 wt % acetic acid solution. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.