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Factors to Escape the Middle-Income Trap?
(Maliye Bakanligi, 2014) Dalgic, Baak; Iyidogan, Pelin Varol; Balikciolu, Eda
We aim to examine the effects of various macroeconomic, technological and institutional variables on the probability of high growth performance for middle-income countries exceeding their average gdp per capita growth rate, in other words the probability of transition to a higher income group. Our analyses cover 56 middle-income countries including Turkey for the period of 1990-2013. The results of the study suggest the importance of improvements in human capital, technology, institutional quality and sound macroeconomic indicators to avoid the middle income trap.
The Tax Effects Of Health Expenditures On Aging Economies: Empirical Evidence On Selected Oecd Countries
(Inst Economic Forecasting, 2017) Iyidogan, Pelin Varol; Balikcioglu, Eda; Yilmaz, H. Hakan
The aim of our study is twofold: i) we examine the effect of aging on public health expenditures; and ii) investigate the fiscal burden of the health expenditures over the period 1965-2012 for selected OECD countries. As empirical methodology, we perform nonlinear unit root test proposed by Kapetanios et al. (2003). Afterwards, we employ Seo (2006) cointegration test based on a threshold vector error correction model (TVECM). We find evidence supporting the impact of aging population on the public health expenditures, thus on the tax burden for all countries with the exception of Japan, Sweden and the US.