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Öğe Aged Garlic Extract Attenuates Neuronal Injury in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2016) Cemil, Berker; Gokce, Emre Cemal; Kahveci, Ramazan; Gokce, Aysun; Aksoy, Nurkan; Sargon, Mustafa Fevzi; Kosem, BahadirGarlic has been used as a food as well as a component of traditional medicine. Aged garlic extract (AGE) is claimed to promote human health through antioxidant/anti-inflammatory activities with neuroprotective effects. We evaluated the possible beneficial effect of AGE neurologically, pathologically, ultrastructurally, and biochemically in a spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model of rats. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham (no I/R), I/R, and AGE (I/R+AGE); each group consisted of eight animals. Animals were evaluated neurologically with the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring system. The spinal cord tissue samples were harvested for pathological and ultrastructural examinations. Oxidative products (Malondialdehyde, nitric oxide), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase), inflammatory cytokines (tissue tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1), and caspase-3 activity were analyzed. The AGE group had significantly higher BBB scores than the I/R group. Pathologically, AGE group revealed reduced degree of ischemia and spinal cord edema. Ultrastructural results also showed preservation of tissue structure in the AGE group. Oxidative product levels of the I/R group were significantly higher than both the other groups, and antioxidant enzyme levels of AGE group were significantly higher than the I/R group. There was also significant difference between the sham and AGE groups in terms of total antioxidant enzyme levels. Furthermore, AGE treatment significantly reduced the inflammatory cytokines and caspase-3 activity than the I/R group. This study demonstrates the considerable neuroprotective effect of AGE on the neurological, pathological, ultrastructural, and biochemical status of rats with I/R-induced spinal cord injury.Öğe Alkaptonuric patient presenting with black disc: a case report(Turkish Assoc Orthopaedics Traumatology, 2013) Kahveci, Ramazan; Ergungor, Mehmet Fikret; Gunaydin, Ahmet; Temiz, AtiyeAlthough intervertebral disc degeneration usually occurs in the natural course of alkaptonuria, detection of the disease by black disc material in a patient without any other sign of alkaptonuria is an extremely rare condition. The authors report a 45-year-old previously healthy female patient who was operated on for prolapsed lumbar disc herniation, and in whom the nucleus pulposus was discovered to be black intraoperatively. The alkaptonuria was diagnosed after histopathological examination of the black disc material. Elevated urinary concentration of homogentisic acid confirmed the diagnosis.Öğe Biochemical, pathological and ultrastructural investigation of whether lamotrigine has neuroprotective efficacy against spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2021) Kahveci, Fatih Ozan; Kahveci, Ramazan; Gökçe, Emre Cemal; Gökçe, Aysun; Kısa, Üçler; Sargon, Mustafa Fevzi; Fesli, RamazanIntroduction: Lamotrigine, an anticonvulsant drug with inhibition properties of multi-ion channels, has been shown to be able to attenuates secondary neuronal damage by influencing different pathways. The aim of this study was to look into whether lamotrigine treatment could protect the spinal cord from experimental spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats, eight rats per group, were randomly assigned to the sham group in which only laparotomy was performed, and to the ischemia, methylprednisolone and lamot-rigine groups, where the infrarenal aorta was clamped for thirty minutes to induce spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. Tissue samples belonging to spinal cords were harvested from sacrificed animals twenty-four hours after reperfusion. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels, interleukin-1 beta levels, nitric oxide levels, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity, glutathione peroxidase activity, malondialde-hyde levels and caspase-3 activity were studied. Light and electron microscopic evaluations were also performed to reveal the pathological alterations. Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotor scale and the inclined-plane test was used to evaluate neurofunctional status at the beginning of the study and just before the animals were sacrificed. Results: Lamotrigine treatment provided significant improvement in the neurofunctional status by pre -venting the increase in cytokine expression, increased lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, depletion of antioxidant enzymes activity and increased apoptosis, all of which contributing to spinal cord damage through different paths after ischemia reperfusion injury. Furthermore, lamotrigine treatment has shown improved results concerning the histopathological and ultrastructural scores and the functional tests. Conclusion: These results proposed that lamotrigine may be a useful therapeutic agent to prevent the neuronal damage developing after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Curcumin Attenuates Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Ultrastructural Damage Induced by Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats(Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Gokce, Emre Cemal; Kahveci, Ramazan; Gokce, Aysun; Sargon, Mustafa Fevzi; Kisa, Ucler; Aksoy, Nurkan; Erdogan, BulentObjectives: Curcumin is a molecule found in turmeric root that possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and has been widely used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated whether curcumin stimulates the neurorepair process and improves locomotor function in a rat model of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods: Thirty-two Wistar albino rats (190220 g) were randomly allocated into 4 groups of 8 rats each: 1 sham-operated group and 3 ischemia-reperfusion injury groups that received intraperitoneal injections of saline vehicle, methylprednisolone (MP, 30 mg/kg following induction of ischemia-reperfusion [IR] injury), or curcumin (200 mg/kg for 7 days before induction of IR injury). Spinal cord IR injury was induced by occlusion of the abdominal aorta for 30 minutes. After 24 hours of reperfusion, locomotor function was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale. All animals were sacrificed. Spinal cord tissues were harvested to evaluate histopathological and ultrastructural alterations and to analyze levels of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, nitric oxide, and caspase-3, as well as enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Results: Intraperitoneal administration of curcumin significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine expression, attenuated oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, prevented apoptosis, and increased antioxidant defense mechanism activity in comparison to treatment with MP or saline. Histopathological and ultrastructural abnormalities were significantly reduced in curcumin-treated rats compared to the MP-and saline-treated groups. Furthermore, curcumin significantly improved locomotor function. Conclusions: Curcumin treatment preserves neuronal viability against inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury. (C) 2016 National Stroke Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides on Different Pathways Involved in the Development of Spinal Cord Ischemia Reperfusion Injury: Biochemical, Histopathologic, and Ultrastructural Analysis in a Rat Model(Elsevier Science Inc, 2021) Kahveci, Ramazan; Kahveci, Fatih Ozan; Gokce, Emre Cemal; Gokce, Aysun; Kisa, Ucler; Sargon, Mustafa Fevzi; Fesli, RamazanOBJECTIVE: Inflammation and oxidative stress are 2 important factors in the emergence of paraplegia associated with spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCIRI) after thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. Here it is aimed to investigate the effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLPS) on SCIRI. METHODS: Rats were randomly selected into 4 groups of 8 animals each: sham, ischemia, methylprednisolone, and GLPS. To research the impacts of various pathways that are efficacious in formation of SCIRI, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase levels, and catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities, malondialdehyde levels, and caspase-3 activity were measured in tissues taken from the spinal cord of rats in all groups killed 24 hours after ischemia reperfusion injury. The Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotor scale and inclined plane test were used for neurologic assessment before and after SCIRI. In addition, histologic and ultrastructural analyses of tissue samples in all groups were performed. RESULTS: SCIRI also caused marked increase in tissue tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde levels, and caspase-3 activity, because of inflammation, increased free radical generation, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis, respectively. On the other hand, SCIRI caused significant reduction in tissue superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities. Pretreatment with GLPS likewise diminished the level of the spinal cord edema, inflammation, and tissue injury shown by pathologic and ultrastructural examination. Pretreatment with GLPS reversed all these biochemical changes and improved the altered neurologic status. CONCLUSIONS: These outcomes propose that pretreatment with GLPS prevents progression of SCIRI by alleviating inflammation, oxidation, and apoptosis.cÖğe Evaluation of topical application and systemic administration of rosuvastatin in preventing epidural fibrosis in rats(Elsevier Science Inc, 2015) Gurer, Bora; Kahveci, Ramazan; Gokce, Emre Cemal; Ozevren, Huseyin; Turkoglu, Erhan; Gokce, AysunBACKGROUND CONTEXT: Epidural fibrosis is a major challenge in spine surgery, with some patients having recurrent symptoms secondary to excessive formation of scar tissue resulting in neurologic compression. One of the most important factors initiating the epidural fibrosis is assumed to be the transforming growth factor-1 beta (TGF-1 beta). Rosuvastatin (ROS) has shown to demonstrate preventive effects over fibrosis via inhibiting the TGF-1 beta. PURPOSE: We hypothesized that ROS might have preventive effects over epidural fibrosis through the inhibition of TGF-1 beta pathways. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental animal study. METHODS: Forty-eight adult male Wistar Albino rats were equally and randomly divided into four groups (laminectomy, spongostan, topical ROS, and systemic ROS). Laminectomy was performed at the L3 level in all rats. Four weeks later, the extent of epidural fibrosis was assessed both macroscopically and histopathologically. RESULTS: Our data revealed that topical application and systemic administration of ROS both were effective in reducing epidural fibrosis formation. Furthermore, the systemic administration of ROS yielded better results than topical application. CONCLUSIONS: Both topical application and systemic administration of ROS show meaningful preventive effects over epidural fibrosis through multiple mechanisms. The results of our study provide the first experimental evidence of the preventive effects of ROS over epidural fibrosis. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Isolated Sensorineural Hearing Loss due to Enlargement of Pontine Neuroglial Cyst(Journal Neurological Sciences, 2015) Kahveci, Ramazan; Gunaydin, Ahmet; Kalan, Mehmet; Sanli, MetinIsolated sensorineural hearing loss due to posterior fossa benign cystic lesions is extremely rare. Although they are benign in the natural course, rarely they may cause progressive neurological symptoms. Radiologic and audiometric examinations are useful methods for initial diagnosis and follow-up evaluations. A 48 year old man suffered from left-sided progressive hearing loss for six months. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed that intrapontine cystic mass measuring 9 mm, enlarged 3 mm during the seven years period. In addition, auditory brainstem response revealed that prolonged 1-5 interpeak latency on the right side and wave 5th was absent on the left. In this report, we described a patient, who has progressive unilateral neural sensorineural hearing loss without any neurological symptoms, because of the enlarging intrapontine cystic mass, which compress to the lower auditory pathways. Although, isolated sensorineural hearing loss has been reported in intraaxial cystic lesions in consequence of cerebellopontine angle compression, but we do not encountered in the English literature that isolated sensorineural hearing loss due to compression of lower auditory pathways by intrapontine cystic mass.Öğe Miliary brain metastases from occult lung adenocarcinoma: Radiologic and histopathologic confirmation(Georg Thieme Verlag Kg, 2012) Kahveci, Ramazan; Gurer, Bora; Kaygusuz, Gulsah; Sekerci, ZekiMiliary brain metastases, also termed as Carcinomatous encephalitis, are an extremely rare form of cerebral metastasis. Here in this article, we report a 52 year-old male patient with miliary brain metastases originating from occult lung adenocarcinoma. There were no significant findings on his initial physical and neurological examinations except limited cooperation. Brain computed tomography revealed edematous regions at the inferior sections of both parietal lobes. Then after, the contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed innumerable multi-dimensional lesions associated with surrounding edema on T2-weighted images. The proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed increases in the choline and lipid peaks with decreased N-acetylaspartate in a similar manner with metastatic brain tumors. Histopathological findings pointed out that malignant epithelial tumor metastasis were originating in primary lung adenocarcinoma. Despite the advances in technical equipments and medical knowledge, miliary metastatic brain tumors are quite rare and the differential diagnosis is difficult. Our aim in this article was to present this rare case in which the lung was thought to be the primary focus; and outline the radiological characteristics. Also, we believe that the findings presented by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy may contribute to making a differential diagnosis.Öğe Neuroprotective effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides against traumatic spinal cord injury in rats(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2015) Gökçe, Emre Cemal; Kahveci, Ramazan; Atanur, Osman Malik; Gürer, Bora; Aksoy, Nurkan; Gökçe, Aysun; Kahveci, OzanIntroduction: Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is a mushroom belonging to the polyporaceae family of Basidiomycota and has widely been used as a traditional medicine for thousands of years. G. lucidum has never been studied in traumatic spinal cord injury. The aim of this study is to investigate whether G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLPS) can protect the spinal cord after experimental spinal cord injury. Materials and methods: Rats were randomized into five groups of eight animals each: control, sham, trauma, GLPS, and methylprednisolone. In the control group, no surgical intervention was performed. In the sham group, only a laminectomy was performed. In all the other groups, the spinal cord trauma model was created by the occlusion of the spinal cord with an aneurysm clip. In the spinal cord tissue, caspase-3 activity, tumour necrosis factor-alpha levels, myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde levels, nitric oxide levels, and superoxide dismutase levels were analysed. Histopathological and ultrastructural evaluations were also performed. Neurological evaluation was performed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotor scale and the inclined-plane test. Results: After traumatic spinal cord injury, increases in caspase-3 activity, tumour necrosis factor-alpha levels, myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde levels, and nitric oxide levels were detected. After the administration of GLPS, decreases were observed in tissue caspase-3 activity, tumour necrosis factor-alpha levels, myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde levels, and nitric oxide levels. Furthermore, GLPS treatment showed improved results in histopathological scores, ultrastructural scores, and functional tests. Conclusions: Biochemical, histopathological, and ultrastructural analyses and functional tests reveal that GLPS exhibits meaningful neuroprotective effects against spinal cord injury. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Neuroprotective effects of rosuvastatin against traumatic spinal cord injury in rats(Elsevier Science Bv, 2014) Kahveci, Ramazan; Gokce, Emre Cemal; Gurer, Bora; Gokce, Aysun; Kisa, Ucler; Cemil, Duran Berker; Erdogan, BulentRosuvastatin, which is a potent stain, has never been studied in traumatic spinal cord injury. The aim of this study was to investigate whether rosuvastatin treatment could protect the spinal cord after experimental spinal cord injury. Rats were randomized into the following five groups of eight animals each: control, sham, trauma, rosuvastatin, and methylprednisolone. In the control group, no surgical intervention was performed. In the sham group, only laminectomy was performed. In all the other groups, the spinal cord trauma model was created by the occlusion of the spinal cord with an aneurysm clip. In the spinal cord tissue, caspase-3 activity, tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels, myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde levels, nitric oxide levels, and superoxide dismutase levels were analyzed. Histopathological and ultrastructural evaluations were also performed. Neurological evaluation was performed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotor scale and the inclined plane test After traumatic spinal cord injury, increases in caspase-3 activity, tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels, myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde levels, and nitric oxide levels were detected. In contrast, the superoxide dismutase levels were decreased. After the administration of rosuvastatin, decreases were observed in the tissue caspase-3 activity, tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels, myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde levels, and nitric oxide levels. In contrast, tissue superoxide dismutase levels were increased. Furthermore, rosuvastatin treatment showed improved results concerning the histopathological scores, the ultrastructural score and the functional tests. Biochemical, histopathological, ultrastructural analysis and functional tests revealed that rosuvastatin exhibits meaningful neuroprotective effects against spinal cord injury. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Neuroprotective effects of thymoquinone against spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury by attenuation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis(Amer Assoc Neurological Surgeons, 2016) Gokce, Emre Cemal; Kahveci, Ramazan; Gokce, Aysun; Cemil, Berker; Aksoy, Nurkan; Sargon, Mustafa Fevzi; Kahveci, OzanOBJECTIVE lschemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of the spinal cord following thoracoabdominal aortic surgery remains the most devastating complication, with a life-changing impact on the patient. Thymoquinone (TQ), the main constituent of the volatile oil from Nigella sativa seeds, is reported to possess strong antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. This study investigated the effects of TQ administration following I/R injury to the spinal cord. METHODS Thirty-two rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups. Group 1 underwent only laparotomy. For Group 2, aortic clip occlusion was introduced to produce I/R injury. Group 3 was given 30 mg/kg of methylprednisolone intraperitoneally immediately after the I/R injury. Group 4 was given 10 mg/kg of TQ intraperitoneally for 7 days before induction of spinal cord I/R injury, and administration was continued until the animal was euthanized. Locomotor function (Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale and inclined plane test) was assessed at 24 hours postischemia. Spinal cord tissue samples were harvested to analyze tissue concentrations of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-peroxidase, catalase, and caspase-3. In addition, histological and ultrastructural evaluations were performed. RESULTS Thymoquinone treatment improved neurological outcome, which was supported by decreased levels of oxidative products (malondialdehyde and nitric oxide) and proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1), increased activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione-peroxidase, and catalase), as well as reduction of motor neuron apoptosis. Light microscopy and electron microscopy results also showed preservation of tissue structure in the treatment group. CONCLUSIONS As shown by functional, biochemical, histological, and ultrastructural analysis, TQ exhibits an important protective effect against I/R injury of the spinal cord.Öğe Removal of cervical spinal tumor with large inferio-lateral extension through anterolateral (interscalene and transforaminal) approach Comment(Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd, 2013) Kahveci, Ramazan[Abstract No tAvailable]
