Yazar "Kalender, Hakan" seçeneğine göre listele

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    Bir erkek köpekte transmissible venereal tümör (TUT) olgusunun vincristine sulphate ile sağaltımı
    (2008) Yağcı, İlknur Pir; Kalender, Hakan
    Özet Bu çalışmada, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Kliniğine hematüri şikayetiyle getirilen 4 yaşlı doğal olarak enfekte Boxer ırkı erkek bir köpekte haftalık vincristine sülfat uygulaması sonrası klinik, sitolojik ve hematolojik değişimler araştırıldı. Hayvanın klinik muayenesinde bulbus penis üzerinde kanamalı, karnıbahar görünümünde, yaklaşık 8 cm çapında bir kitle tespit edildi. Klinik tanı ve sitolojik sonuçlar baz alınarak TVT tanısı konuldu. Tedavide 0.025 mg/kg dozunda vincristine sulphate 500 ml serum fizyolojik ile birlikte uygulandı. Tedavi haftalık kürler halinde altı hafta sürdürüldü. Bu çalışmada erkek köpeklerde TVT'nin kesin tanısında sitolojik incelemenin gerekliliği ve tedavide vincristine sülfatın uygun dozlarda kullanımında kan parametrelerindeki oluşan değişimler ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
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    Cardiovascular effects of thiopental-sevoflurane compared withthiopental-isoflurane in angora goats undergoing ovariectomy
    (2019) Karslı, Birkan; Yağcı, İlknur Pir; Kumandaş, Ali; Pekcan, Zeynep; Kalender, Hakan
    Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of inhalation anaesthetics on cardiovascular functions in 16 healthy female Angora goats undergoing ovariectomy. Material and Methods: Anaesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium then maintained with isoflurane or sevoflurane in oxygen. Cardiovascular parameters were measured before and at 0, 15th, 30th, 60th and 90th minutes after induction of anaesthesia. Recovery variables including time to extubation, first lift of the head, thoracic recumbency and standing up were also recorded. Results: The mean induction dose of thiopental was 18.23 ± 3.87 mg / kg. There were no significant differences between groups for heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), noninvasive blood pressure and body temperature measured prior to and under anaesthesia. All animals recovered uneventfully in both groups. Conclusion: There were no statistical differences between groups for their cardiovascular parameters and recovery times although the results of this study showed a rapid recovery time in each parameter for sevoflurane anaesthesia. On the basis of the results, sevoflurane and isoflurane are suitable inhalation anaesthetics in goats.
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    Comparison of Propofol-Remifentanil and Propofol-Fentanyl Anesthesia During Ovariohysterectomy in Dogs
    (Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2013) Kurum, Baris; Pekcan, Zeynep; Kalender, Hakan; Kumandas, Ali; Can Mutan, Oya; Elma, Ertugrul
    The aim of the study was to evaluate the cardiorespiratory and clinical effects of propofol and remifentanil anesthesia compared to propofol and fentanyl anesthesia during ovariohysterectomy in dogs. Sixteen healthy dogs were randomly assigned to two groups. After premedication with atropine, anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with the infusion of propofol at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/min. Once stable anesthesia was achieved, 1 mu g/kg remifentanil or 2 mu g/kg fentanyl was administered intravenously, and infusion was begun at a dose of 0.6 mu g/kg/min and 0.5 mu g/kg/min, respectively. Cardiorespiratory variables were recorded after propofol administration combined with remifentanil or fentanyl at 10-min intervals, and the quality of anesthesia, return of spontaneous ventilation, head lift and sternal position were also recorded. Apnea was observed after remifentanil and fentanyl administration in all dogs. Heart rate, systolic and mean arterial blood pressures tended to decrease rapidly after remifentanil and fentanyl administration, and during the first 20 min, in both groups. Although the difference between times was significant, the difference between groups was statistically insignificant. Recovery periods were longer in the fentanyl group than in the remifentanil group. The administration of propofol with remifentanil or fentanyl provides a stable haemodynamic state and depth of anesthesia with a constant infusion, and remifentanil could be preferred to fentanyl when aiming a rapid recovery period.
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    Distribution and quantitative patterns of T lymphocytes in the female reproductive tract and ovary throughout the oestrus cycle of Angora Goats
    (2007) Karaca, Turan; Arikan, Şevket; Kalender, Hakan; Yoruk, Mecit
    The present study was designed to evaluate the distribution of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) positive T lymphocytes in the female reproductive tract and ovary throughout the estrous cycle of Angora Goats. Tissue samples were collected on days 5, 10 and 16 of the oestrus cycle and then fixed in formol-sucrose fixative (pH 6.8) and stored for 22 hours at +4°C. The samples were then additionally fixed in Holtz' solution under the same conditions they were in the first fixation. Cryostat sections of 8 ?m thickness were stained for alpha naphthly acetate esterase activity at pH 6.4. The ANAE positive T lymphocytes were mainly located in the epithelium, lamina propria and around blood vessels in other region of connective tissues. Density of ANAE positive T lymphocytes in the ovarian and uterine tissues was highest on day 10 and 16 respectively. It was concluded that the estrous cycle may have been responsible for variations in the distribution of ANAE positive T lymphocytes in goat ovarian and reproductive tract tissues.
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    Distribution of plasma cells and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase – positive lymphocytes in the reproductive organs of female cats in anoestrus, oestrus and pseudopregnancy
    (2011) Karaca, Turan; Arıkan, Şevket; Kalender, Hakan; Yağcı, İlknur Pir; Yörük, Mecit
    Kedilerde anöstrüs, östrüs ve yalancı gebelik dönemlerinde dişi genital kanal organları ve ovaryumlarında, plasma hücresi ve alpha naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) positif lenfositlerin dağılımı, histokimyasal teknikler kullanılarak ışık mikroskopik olarak belirlendi. Plasma hücrelerinin incelenmesi için doku örnekleri formol-alkol solüsyonunda 48 saat tespit edilip parafinde bloklandı. Altı mikron kalınlığındaki kesitler metil green - pironin ile boyandı. ANAE için doku örnekleri formol-sükroz solüsyonunda (pH 6.8) 4C ‘de 22 saat, sonra Holt solüsyonunda yine aynı şartlarda 22 saat fikse edildi. ANAE boyaması için 8 ?m kalınlığındaki kriyostat kesitleri pH 6.2’de inkübe edildi. Kedilerde anöstrüs döneminde plasma hücre sayısı korpus uteride kornu uteriye göre anlamlı derecede azdı (P0.05). Yalancı gebelik grubundaki kedilerin ovaryum korteks ve medullasında, plasma hücre sayısının, anöstrus ve östrus gruplarına göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlendi (P0.05). ANAE-pozitif lenfositlerin yoğunluğu, östrus ve yalancı gebelik dönemi kedilerin uterus ve ovaryumlarında anöstrus grubu kedilerden anlamlı derecede yüksekti (P0.05). Sonuçta, östrüs siklusu ve yalancı gebeliğin dişi kedilerde üreme kanal organları ile ovaryumlarda plasma hücreleri ve ANAE-positif lenfositlerin dağılımındaki değişimlerden sorumlu olabileceği kanısına varıldı.
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    Effects Of Acetamiprid, Methomyl, And Deltamethrin On Steroidogenesis In Cultured Bovine Luteal Cells
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Arikan, Sevket; Simsek, Ozkan; Kalender, Hakan; Essiz, Dinc; Atmaca, Nurgul; Kabakci, Ruhi; Bilmen, Fatih Sultan
    Acetamiprid, methomyl, and deltamethrinare widely used insecticides in agriculture and industry; thus, livestock may receive substantial exposure to such substances. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of these agents on bovine luteal cell steroidogenesis.Cells were incubated with acetamiprid (0.1 mM, 1 mM, or 10 mM), methomyl (0.1 mM, 1 mM, or 10 mM), or deltamethrin (0.01 mM, 0.1 mM, or 1 mM) for 5 days. Incubation with 1 mMacetamiprid resulted in significantly reducedpro-gesterone production by day 5. Incubation with 1 mM methomyl had no effect on progesterone pro-ductionby day 3 but did result in significant inhibi-tionby day 5. Incubation in 0.1 mM and 1 mMdelta-methrin resulted in significant reduction on both days 3 and 5. All three insecticides diminish luteal progesterone synthesis, with rank order methomyl
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    Effects of forskolin and PGE2 on progesterone secretion by goat luteal cells at early and late stages of corpus luteum
    (Ankara Univ, 2024) Şimşek, Özkan; Kalender, Hakan
    The aim of this research was to examine the effects of forskolin and PGE2 on steroid synthesis in goat luteal cells, cultured at early and late corpus luteum. Therefore, the luteal cells removed from both stages of the corpus luteum were cultured with newborn calf serum for the first 18 h. Then the media was changed and different concentrations of forskolin (10, 100 ng/ml) or PGE2 (10, 100 ng/ml) were added to the fresh media for another 96 h. The culture media was replaced every 48 h and the retrieval media was kept frozen at-20 degree celsius, until hormone analysis. Luteal cells treated with forskolin produced between 1.87-13.17 times higher production of progesterone, in a dose-dependent manner, compared to the control at early and late stages of corpus luteum (P<0.05). Lower dose of PGE2 increased the progesterone secretion between 2.19-3.28 times in luteal cells compared to the control groups at the late stage of corpus luteum (P<0.05), but not at early stage. The cells treated with a higher dose of PGE2 had no significant effect (P>0.05) on progesterone synthesis at the early and late phases of goat corpus luteum, in comparison to control groups. As a result, this study in goat luteal cells shows that forskolin promotes progesterone synthesis at the early and late corpus luteum, but PGE2 is only effective in cells treated with a low dose at the late stage.
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    The effects of LH on progesterone production by cell subpopulations isolated from early and late luteal phase goat corpora lutea
    (Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-Tubitak, 2014) Kalender, Hakan; Arikan, Sevket; Simsek, Ozkan
    The objective of this study was to investigate the complementary effects of luteinizing hormone (LH) on cell subpopulations. Corpora lutea were collected on days 5 and 15 of the cycle. The luteal tissues were treated with collagenase for cell dissociation. Percoll density-gradient centrifugation was performed to separate cells into 2 distinct subpopulations. Luteal cells (5 x 104 cells/well) were cultured with and without 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol (22R-HC, 10 mu g/mL) and LH (10 and 100 ng/mL) alone, and also with 22R-HC (10 mu g/mL) plus LH (10 and 100 ng/mL), in a serum-free culture medium for 6 days of incubation. Untreated cells isolated from luteal tissue collected on day 15 of the estrous cycle produced more steroids than those collected on day 5. Treatment of the cells with LH resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in steroid synthesis on both days 5 and 15 of the cycle. Throughout the 7 days of incubation, 22R-HC caused a significant increase in progesterone production compared to untreated controls and to the LH treatments (P < 0.01). As a result, it appears that LH is mainly effective on small luteal cells in both the early and late luteal stages in goats.
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    Effects of mancozeb, metalaxyl and tebuconazole on steroid production by bovine luteal cells in vitro
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Atmaca, Nurgul; Arikan, Sevket; Essiz, Dinc; Kalender, Hakan; Simsek, Ozkan; Bilmen, Fatih Sultan; Kabakci, Ruhi
    Mancozeb, metalaxyl and tebucanazole are widely used pesticides in agriculture and industry to treat plant pathogenic fungi. Livestock may be exposed to such substances by consuming contaminated plants. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of these three fungicides on bovine luteal cell steroidogenesis. Luteal slices from mid-cycle corpus luteum were dissociated into single cell suspension in aerated (02) culture media (DMEM/F12) by enzymatic digestion. The cells were incubated in newborn calf serum (10%) for 18 h and then with serum-free media containing mancozeb (0.01 mu M, 0.1 mu M, 1 mu M), tebuconazole (1 mu M, 10 mu M, 100 mu M) or metalaxyl (100 mu M, 500 mu M, 2500 mu M) for additional 96 h. The medium was replaced on day 1 and 3; and the retrieved medium was stored at - 20 degrees C until progesterone assay. Treatment of cells with three different fungicides induced dose dependent variable decrease in steroid synthesis during incubation periods. Incubation of cells with 1 pM mancozeb exhibited a 33% decline in steroid synthesis on day 3 and 48% decline on day 5 compared with controls. Treatment of cells with 100 M tebuconazole and 500 mu M metalaxyl resulted in a 65% and 31% decrease, respectively, in progesterone accumulation on day 5 of incubation. Fungicide induced suppressive effects on luteal steroidogenesis were as metalaxyl < tebuconazole < mancozeb. Results of the present study suggest that designated concentrations of all three fungicides studied might have varying degrees of adverse effects on luteal steroidogenesis.
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    Effects of selected fungicides on steroid synthesis by bovine luteal cells
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Atmaca, Nurgul; Arikan, Sevket; Essiz, Dinc; Kalender, Hakan; Simsek, Ozkan; Bilmen, Fatih Sultan; Kabakci, Ruhi
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    Endemic Contagious Agalactia in Sheep and Goats: Clinical Evaluation, Treatment and Vaccination
    (Medwell Online, 2010) Macun, Hasan Ceyhun; Ocal, Naci; Karahan, Murat; Yagci, Bugrahan Bekir; Kalender, Hakan; Kalin, Recep
    In this study, it aimed to evaluate clinical signs of Contagious Agalactia (CA) that had been affecting small ruminants in Kirikkale Province for 1.5 years and to intervene with this endemic CA by administration of enrofloxacin 5 mg kg(-1) for 5 days and a single dose of meloxicam (0.5 mg kg(-1)) to acutely infected animals and by vaccination of the flocks. The study was conducted between July 2007 and December 2008 on a total of 745 animals of 5 different flocks with problems of mastitis, keratoconjunctivitis and arthritis. Clinically determined CA was also confirmed by PCR analysis of milk samples. Arthritis was the most frequently observed clinical sign with a rate of 71.84% in diseased animals. Arthritis was observed either as a single problem or concurrently with mastitis or ocular lesions. The co-existence rate of ocular lesions with mastistis was 2.91% while observing all three lesions concomitantly was the least frequent, 2.91%. Ocular lesions alone was not seen in ewes and goats but co-existed with other signs. Ewes and goats exhibited a higher frequency of mastitis alone with a rate of 45 and 44.83%, respectively compared to other two clinical signs. The treatment protocol mentioned above was successful as the general body condition of the clinically diseased animals was improved and subsequently no incidence of death was observed. Animals gradually recovered from mastititis and conjunctivitis and the severity of keratoconjunctivitis and arthritis was decreased. It also concluded that application of a live CA vaccine twice with a 6 month-interval was quite effective as no case of CA was observed in vaccinated flocks during a 1 year follow-up period.
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    In vitro Effects of Linuron on Luteal Progesterone Synthesis
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Bilmen, Fatih Sultan; Arikan, Sevket; Simsek, Ozkan; Atmaca, Nurgul; Kalender, Hakan; Essiz, Dinc; Kabakci, Ruhi
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    Keçilerde östrus siklusu süresince luteal hücre büyüklüğünde meydana gelen fizyolojik değişiklikler
    (2006) Kalender, Hakan; Arıkan, Şevket
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Kırıkkale'de yetiştirilen koyunlarda Schmallenberg virüs seroprevalansı ve bazı coğrafi özelliklerle ilişkisi*
    (2017) Macun, Hasan Ceyhun; Azkur, Ahmet Kürşat; Kalender, Hakan; Erat, Serkan
    Avrupa'da 2011 yılında ruminantları etkileyen yeni bir virüs belirlenmiştir. Schmallenberg olarak isimlendirilen bu virüsün Türkiye'deki yaygınlığı üzerine yapılan çalışmalar oldukça sınırlı sayıdadır. Bu çalışmada; koyun yetiştiriciliğinde büyük ekonomik kayıplara neden olan Schmallenberg virüsün (SBV) seroprevalansı ve Culicoides'lerle nakledilmesinden dolayı bazı coğrafi özellikler (rakım, büyük su kaynaklarına yakın olması) ile seroprevalans arası ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, Kırıkkale merkez ve ilçelerinde, 684 ile 1219 m arası rakımda bulunan, 38 koyun sürüsündeki 1038 hayvandan (969 koyun, 69 koç) kan serum örneği alınarak ticari ELISA kiti ile SBV özgül antikorları yönünden değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmaya alınan hayvanların yaşları 2 - 4 (n517), 4 - 6 (n474), 6 (n47) olarak gruplandırılmıştır. Örneklenen hayvanların %0.38'i (4/1038) pozitif, %0.57'si (6/1038) şüpheli olarak değerlendirilmiştir. SBV antikorları yönünden pozitif olarak belirlenen dört hayvanın birinin koç, üçünün koyun; şüpheli olarak değerlendirilen altı hayvanın ise birinin koç, beşinin koyun olduğu belirlenmiştir. Pozitif ve şüpheli olarak belirlenen hayvanların bulunduğu sürülerin belli bir rakımda yoğunlaşmadığı ve bu sürülerin yarısının büyük su kaynaklarına yakın olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. SBV yönünden pozitif örnek sayısı az olduğu için seroprevalansı ile yaş grupları, cinsiyet ve bazı coğrafi özellikler arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmemiştir. Kırıkkale'de yetiştirilen koyunlarda, SBV seroprevalansının araştırıldığı bu çalışma ile enfeksiyonun varlığı ilk kez ortaya konulmuş olup, abortus/anomalili yavru doğumları gözlenen sürülerde, söz konusu enfeksiyonun da araştırılmasının uygun olabileceği kanısına varılmıştır.
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    Kırıkkale’de belirlenen subklinik mastitisli ineklerde etken izolasyonu ve antibiyotik direnç durumu
    (2011) Macun, Hasan Ceyhun; Yağcı, İlknur Pir; Ünal, Nilgün; Kalender, Hakan; Sakarya, Fatma; Yıldırım, Murat
    Bu çalışmada, Kırıkkale merkez ve ilçelerinde bulunan ineklerde, subklinik mastitis olgularının prevalansının belirlenmesi, mastitise neden olan etkenlerin izolasyonu, identifikasyonu ve bunların antibiyotik direnç durumlarının saptanması amaçlandı. Çalışma kapsamında, 629 sağmal inekten alınan sütler California Mastitis Testi (CMT) ile muayene edildi. CMT pozitif bulunan 342 (%54.37) inekten alınan 836 adet süt örneğinin mikrobiyolojik olarak incelenmesi sonucunda 213’ünde (%25.47) etken izole edildi. İzole edilen etkenler Staphylococcus aureus (%28.17), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (%12.21), Staphylococcus simulans (%8.92), Streptococcus uberis (%8.45), Staphylococcus hominis (%4.22), Staphylococcus capitis (%3.75), Bacillus subtilis (%2.82) ve Mycoplasma spp. (%2.82) şeklinde sıralandı. İzole edilen tüm mikroorganizmalarda, en fazla direnç gözlenen antibiyotik kloksasilin oldu. Staphylococcus aureus ve koagulaz negatif stafilokoklarda (KNS) penisiline, streptokoklarda ise eritromisine karşı direnç ikinci sırada yer aldı. Vankomisine karşı herhangi bir direnç tespit edilmedi. Sonuç olarak; Kırıkkale’de Staphylococcus aureus’a bağlı subklinik mastitis oranının yüksek olduğu ve ekonomik kayıpların önüne geçilmesi için bu konuda daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç olduğu ve yetiştiricilerin bilgilendirilmesi gerektiği tespit edildi.
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    Neospora caninum associated with epidemic abortions in dairy cattle: The first clinical neosporosis report in Turkey
    (Elsevier, 2009) Kul, Oğuz; Kabakcı, Nalan; Yıldız, Kader; Öcal, Naci; Kalender, Hakan; Ilkme, N. Aycan
    Neospora caninum, a protozoan parasite, has been considered as one of the most important etiological agents responsible for abortion in dairy cattle throughout the world since it was first identified in dogs in 1988. In this report, characteristics of neosporosis, detected in a dairy cow ranch having epidemic abortions as high as 18.4%, were described. Blood samples were collected from 25 infertile or aborted dairy cattle, 6 calves born in 2006 and 40 heifers that were born in 2005 and raised in the same ranch. Necropsy was conducted in a 20-day-old Simmental calf that exhibited neurological signs including incoordination, head shaking, hyperextension in forelimbs and hindlimbs and tremor. The seroprevalance in aborted or infertile dairy cattle, heifers, and calves was 60%, 40%, and 33.3%, respectively. The mothers of seropositive two calves including clinically affected calf and its dam were N. caninum seropositive. In immunoperoxidase examinations, N. caninum antigen immunopositivity was observed in the degenerative and necrotic neurons in the brain, cerebellum as well as neurons in dorsal root ganglia of the cervical and thoracic regions of the spinal cord. In the heart, myocytes and Purkinje cells exhibited granular and linear patterns of immunoreactivity. Striated myofibers around the eyeball also showed immunolocalization for N. caninum antigen. Ultrastructurally, tachyzoites with typical apical complex, rhoptries and (double-layered parasitic membrane Were detected in the brain and heart sections. In conclusion, this report described clinical neosporosis for the first time in Turkey with tissue localization of the causative agents. This scientific communication also discusses the possible impact of cattle neosporosis by clinical, serologic and pathologic evidences collected from the Survey of calves born in two successive generations in a ranch. Crown Copyright (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    A new approach to Neospora caninum infection epidemiology: neosporosis in integrated and rural dairy farms in Turkey
    (Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-Tubitak, 2014) Ocal, Naci; Atmaca, Hasan Tarik; Albay, Metin Koray; Deniz, Ahmet; Kalender, Hakan; Yildiz, Kader; Kul, Oguz
    Both cattle and dogs were examined in modern and rural dairy farms that had a history of abortion over 5%. The blood samples were collected from 427 aborted cattle and the sera were tested using a commercial ELISA test kit. Additionally, a necropsy procedure was carried out on the fetuses and calves dead within 2 months after birth; the tissue samples were evaluated by histopathologic, immunoperoxidase, and PCR techniques. Eighteen dogs in close contact with the cattle in the same field were included in the study and blood and feces samples were collected. The feces samples were analyzed by copro-PCR and the sera were tested by indirect fluorescent antibody test. As a result, 161 out of 427 sera samples (37.7%) were found positive for N. caninum. In cattle, the lowest seropositivity was 6.7% and the highest seropositivity was 74.24%. Neosporosis seroprevalence in integrated holdings was lower than those of rural dairy cattle facilities (66.7%). The seropositivity for N. caninum in dogs was determined as 72.7% in rural holdings and 28.6% in integrated holdings. According to the risk analysis, N. caninum-seropositive cows had greater exposure to N. caninum-seropositive dogs in rural family holdings and integrated holdings (P = 0.054, odds ratio = 0.929; and P= 0.008, odds ratio = 0.986, respectively).
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    Plasma concentrations of folic acid, vitamin B12 and progesterone of cyclic bitches, bitches during pregnancy and induced abortion and bitches with pyometra
    (M H Schaper Gmbh Co Kg, 2006) Kalender, Hakan; Beceriklisoy, H. B.; Kanca, Halit; Fındık, Murat; Eruenal-Maral, N.; Handler, J.; Aslan, S.
    The aim of this study was to investigate the plasma concentrations of folic acid, vitamin B12 and progesterone at different stages of the sexual cycle and pregnancy, during induced abortion and in bitches with pyometra. Bitches (n = 97) were assigned to groups as follows: a) oestrous cycle (n = 42) b) pregnancy (n = 25) c) induction of abortion (n = 10) and d) pyometra (n = 20). Oestrous cycle stages were determined by vaginal inspection and cytology. Pregnancies were estimated by ultrasound (5,0 Mhz; linear transducer; Schimadzu (R)) at days 15-25, 35-45 and 46-63 of pregnancy. Treatments for the induction of abortion were started between days 25 and 35 after mating (5 mu g/kg cabergoline daily, Galastop (R); 5-10 mu g/kg Alfaprostol every other day, Gabbrostim (R)). Diagnosis of pyometra was confirmed by ultrasound and vaginoscopy. Folic acid and vitamin B12 concentrations did not differ among different stages of the oestrous cycle. The mean concentration of folic acid during early pregnancy (days 15-25) exceeded levels of later stages (days 46-63): 9,4 +/- 3,7 mu g/ml and 4,7 +/- 1,8 mu g/ml, respectively (p < 0,01). A positive correlation between folic acid and vitamin B12 was determined in pregnant dogs (r = 0,925; p < 0,02). Before the induction of abortion, the concentration of folic acid was 9,6 +/- 5,2 mu g/ml; during abortion it decreased to 5,0 3,2 mu g/ml (p < 0,01). A significant correlation (r = 0,925; p < 0,02) between progesterone and folic acid was obtained in bitches with abortion. The mean concentration of folic acid in bitches with pyometra significantly differed from that of bitches at different stages of the oestrous cycle (p < 0,05). The mean concentration of folic acid was significantly lower in metoestrous bitches when compared to bitches with pyometra (p < 0,05). The decrease of serum concentrations of folic acid during pregnancy and induced abortion show that fetal growth and abortion caused higher consumption of folic acid. Concerning bitches did not show any deficiency symptoms which is why it can be concluded that this decrease is physiological.