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Öğe A review of plastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems of Turkey(Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Cevik, Cem; Kideys, Ahmet Erkan; Tavsanoglu, Ulku Nihan; Kankilic, Gokben Basaran; Gundogdu, SedatTurkey is one of the major plastic pollution sources in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. This review summarizes present information, data, and legislation on plastic pollution in Turkish aquatic ecosystems. According to results derived from reviewed studies, both macro- and microplastic pollutions were documented in Turkish aquatic ecosystems. Most of the studies on plastic pollution in Turkish waters were performed in the marine environment while only four were conducted in freshwater environments. Spatially, the majority of these studies, which were on levels in the marine environment, were conducted on the northeastern Mediterranean coasts of Turkey, especially Iskenderun and Mersin Bays. Additional studies were carried out on either the ingestion/presence/impact of microplastics by/to aquatic organisms or the entanglement of marine organisms in plastics. There were also studies assessing the microplastic content of commercial salt, and another has reported microplastic presence in traditional stuffed mussels sold in Turkish streets. Some studies were conducted on microplastic presence and/or their removal in wastewater treatment plants in Mersin, Adana, Mugla, and Istanbul cities. Macro- and microliter loading from a few Turkish rivers to the sea was also estimated. All these investigations indicate that Turkish aquatic environments have significant plastic pollution problems, which were also underlined by the legislative studies. The need for further studies in this field still exists, especially in freshwater environments.Öğe Assessing microplastic pollution in a river basin: A multidisciplinary study on circularity, sustainability, and socio-economic impacts(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2024) Tavsanoglu, Ulku Nihan; Koraltan, Idrisdris; Kankilic, Gokben Basaran; Cirak, Tamer; Erturk, Seyma; Urker, Okan; Guclu, PembePlastic pollution has emerged as a significant environmental challenge worldwide, posing serious threats to ecosystems and human health. This study seeks to explore the interplay among circularity, sustainability, and the release of microplastics within the freshwater ecosystems situated along the western Black Sea coast- D & uuml;zce, T & uuml;rkiye. Employing a multidisciplinary approach that integrates environmental science, economics, and policy analysis, the research examines the current state of plastic pollution in the region, considering diverse land uses and socio-economic lifestyles. Conducted over four different seasons, the current study identifies the prevailing types of microplastics in the region. Fibers dominate, comprising 86.7% in each season, followed by film and fragments at 7.7% and 7.0%, respectively. Notably, polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) emerges as the primary polymer types. The distribution of polymer types varies across different land uses within the region, emphasizing the influential role of land use in shaping the abundance polymer composition. The comprehensive assessment of pollution, as reflected in the overall pollution load index (PLI) of the Melen River indicating a concerning level of pollution (PLI>1). Finally, the study unveiled the relationship between socio-economic activities as well as the seasonal precipitation patterns, and microplastic contamination in the region. This underscored the importance of site-specific mitigation measures on reducing the amount of microplastics. Lastly, incorporating sustainable practices within the circular economy framework fosters a harmonious balance between economic development and environmental protection in T & uuml;rkiye.Öğe Assessment of heavy metal levels in sediment samples of Kapulukaya Dam Lake (Kirikkale) and lower catchment area(Springer, 2013) Kankilic, Gokben Basaran; Tuzun, Ilhami; Kadioglu, Yusuf KaganIn this study, the concentrations of 13 elements (Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Zn, Co, As, Pb, Cu, Mo, Hg, and Cd) were determined in the sediments of three different sites in the Kapulukaya Dam Lake between May 2007 and November 2008. They ranged from 1.47 to 4.64 for Al, 0.92 to 3.48 for Fe (in percent), 326.60 to 1053.00 for Mn, 98.00 to 1,116.00 for Cr, 24.70 to 127.10 for Ni, 14.80 to 124.20 for Zn, 11.0 to 43.20 for Co, 5.00 to 29.30 for Cu, 9.10 to 69.70 for As, 8.60 to 34.00 for Pb, 2.50 to 5.20 for Mo, 1.00 to 1.60 for Hg, and 0.50 to1.80 for Cd in microgram per gram dry weight sediment. The contamination degree of the sediment was assessed on the basis of enrichment factor and corresponding sediment quality guideline. The calculated enrichment factors (EF, measured metal vs. background concentrations) indicated that the effect of man-made activities on the occurrence of concentrations could be accounted for the majority of heavy metals namely Mn, As, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Co, Mo, and Cd, whereas such affect was not detected for Hg and Pb. The maximum values of the EF were represented by As, minimum values by Hg at all sites. Mean EF values were 36.60 and 0.70 for As and Hg, respectively. This study has clearly assessed a certain level of heavy metal pollution in the region, based particularly on the findings from sediment.Öğe Bioremoval of mercury (II) from aqueous solutions by Phragmites australis: Kinetic and equilibrium studies(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2018) Kankilic, Gokben Basaran; Metin, Aysegul Ulku; Aluc, Yasar; Bozkaya, OgunIn this study, the removal of mercury (II) ions from aqueous solutions by dried biomass of Phragmites australis was investigated in the batch system. The biomass was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area techniques (BET). Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES, Spectro Blue) was used to analyze Hg(II) concentration and obtained data in batch experiments indicated that Hg (II) was rapidly adsorbed and such adsorption reached equilibrium within 60 min. The initial pH of the solution was effective parameter for Hg (II) biosorption. The biosorption kinetics was in better good fit with pseudo-second order kinetics and the results obtained from the batch experiments were conformed better with the Langmuir isotherm model than Freundlich and D-R isotherm models. The maximum Hg (II) biosorption capacity of P. australis was 20.0 +/- 0.4mg/g. The availability of other metal ions affected mercury biosorption. Adsorption/desorption studies demonstrated that the adsorbed Hg (II) could be desorbed effectively with a 0.1M ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) solution. The biosorption capacity of the regenerated biosorbent could still be maintained at 72% at the fifth adsorption-desorption cycle. Consequently, it can be said that P. australis can be used as an applicable, cost-efficient, nature friendly biosorbent for treating wastewater. [GRAPHICS] .Öğe Detection of microplastics in patients with allergic rhinitis(Springer, 2023) Tuna, Aysegul; Tas, Burak M.; Kankilic, Gokben Basaran; Kocak, Furkan M.; Sencan, Ziya; Comert, Ela; Bayar Muluk, NurayObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the relationship between microplastics, which are a worldwide health and environmental issue, and their relationship to allergic rhinitis.Materials and methodsA total of 66 patients participated in this prospective study. The patients were divided into two groups. While there were 36 patients with allergic rhinitis in group 1, there were 30 healthy volunteers in group 2. The participants' age, gender and Score for Allergic Rhinitis results were noted. Microplastics were examined in the nasal lavage fluids of the patients and their numbers noted. The groups were compared on these values.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age and gender. There was a significant difference between the allergic rhinitis group and the control group in terms of the Score for Allergic Rhinitis results (p < 0.001). In the allergic rhinitis group, the microplastic density in the nasal lavage was significantly higher than in the control group (p = 0.027). Microplastics were detected in all participants.ConclusionsWe found more microplastics in allergic rhinitis patients. According to this result, we can say that there is a relationship between allergic rhinitis and microplastics.Öğe Determination of carotenoids in two algae species from the saline water of Kapulukaya reservoir by HPLC(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2018) Aluc, Yasar; Kankilic, Gokben Basaran; Tuzun, IlhamiThe local algae species, Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus regularis, from a highly saline water body of Kapulukaya Reservoir were isolated to analyze their carotenoid composition and content using HPLC method. The gradient solvent system of methanol-acetonitrile-water (84:14:2, v/v/v) and methylene chloride (100%), used to resolve a range of carotenoids from the saponified cells, proved an acceptable separation as inferred from the retention factor (k) ranging between 0.75 and 7.76 and the separation factor (alpha) values greater than 1. Resolution peaks assigned to carotenoids, 21 for C. vulgaris extracts and 22 for S. regularis extracts, were reached within the duration time of 45 min. Main carotenoids identified either tentatively or positively were all-trans-lutein, 9- or 9'-cis-lutein, 13- or 13'-cis-lutein, cis-lutein, All-trans-alpha-carotene, 9- or 9'-cis-alpha-carotene, All-trans-beta-carotene, 9- or 9'-cis-beta-carotene in the species except for all-trans-beta-cryptoxanthin found only in S. regularis. Auroxanthin, neochrome, neoxanthin, and cis-neoxanthin were identified as epoxy-containing compounds. Quantitatively, C. vulgaris was distinguished to have greater amount of lutein and cis-isomers (2.74 mg/g), 77.89% while S. regularis was predominated by beta-carotene and cis isomers as major component, being 80.72% (5.76 mg/g) in total carotenoids (TC). In terms of total carotenoids, the species were considered to be efficient sources for further practical applications.Öğe In response of Detection of microplastics in patients with allergic rhinitis(Springer, 2024) Tuna, Aysegul; Tas, Burak M.; Kankilic, Gokben Basaran; Kocak, Furkan M.; Sencan, Ziya; Comert, Ela; Bayar Muluk, Nuray[Abstract No tAvailable]Öğe In vitro and in vivo effects of commercial and environmental microplastics on Unio delicatus(Springer, 2024) Yuce, Pinar Arslan; Gunal, Aysel Caglan; Erkmen, Belda; Yurdakok-Dikmen, Begum; Cagan, Ali Serhan; Cirak, Tamer; Kankilic, Gokben BasaranMicroplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous pollutants in freshwater environments. In this study, freshwater mussels, Unio delicatus, were exposed to both environmental MPs (e-MP) and commercial MPs (c-MP) that include green fluorescent MP (gf-MP), polyethylene (c-PE) and polystyrene (c-PS) at environmental concentrations (5 mg/L and 50 mg/L) over duration of 7 and 30 days. According to in vivo experiment results, both e-MPs and c-MPs induced significant changes in the total hemocyte counts of mussels (p < 0.05). Exposure to high concentrations of e-MPs and c-MPs for 7 days led to decreased cellular glutathione levels in the mussels, while exposure to low concentrations of e-MPs and c-PS for 7 days resulted in increased advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP). Mussels exposed to high concentrations of e-MPs for 30 days exhibited decreases in both glutathione levels and AOPP values. Although no damage was observed in tissues other than gills and digestive gland, histopathological alterations were observed in these tissues following exposure to 50 mg/L c-MPs. Additionally, MPs were observed in the intestine tissues. In vitro experiments using the MTT assay showed no significant difference in cell viability between the MP-exposed group and the control group at tested concentrations, with no observed dose-response relationship (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, certain cells exhibited signs of cell death, such as disrupted cellular structures, condensed nuclei, and loss of cellular integrity. These observations were consistent with mechanical compression, indicating that physical contact with MPs may result in cell damage or death. These findings demonstrate that environmentally relevant concentrations of MPs have toxic effects on freshwater mussels and multiple parameters provide valuable insight for the evaluation of health risks of organisms.Öğe Phragmites australis as a new cellulose source: Extraction, characterization and adsorption of methylene blue(ELSEVIER, 2020) Kankilic, Gokben Basaran; Metin, Aysegul UlkuThe aim of this study was to investigate potential use of Phragmites australis in the production of cellulose microfibrils with chemical extraction process. Characterization of the natural P. australis and extracted fibrils were examined by FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, TGA, zeta potential and particle size distribution analyses indicating that amorphous polymer parts have been successfully moved away from the plant structure and cellulose content of P. australis was increased from 39.92% +/- 0.78% to 91.45 +/- 0.49%. Extracted cellulose samples showed microfibrillar structure based on FESEM images. The usability of cellulose microfibrils extracted from P. australis as an adsorbent was investigated in dye removal studies due to its abundant, eco-friendly and low-cost properties. Therefore, Methylene blue (MB) removal capacity of cellulose microfibrils from aqueous solution was tested and the effects of adsorption process parameters were evaluated in a controlled batch system. Maximum adsorption capacity (qm(max)) was found to be 54.9 mg/g and the microfibrils allowed MB removal over a wide pH range. Experimental data fit the both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models indicating multilayer adsorption. The adsorption process was better described with pseudo second-order kinetic model. In conclusion, P. australis is a good candidate in high purity cellulose microfibrils production as a natural material. Cellulose microfibrils are a potential alternative source which can be used as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment especially for cationic dye removal. Moreover, it can be used for production of cellulose microfibrils in various industrial applications. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Phragmites australis: An alternative biosorbent for basic dye removal(Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Kankilic, Gokben Basaran; Metin, Aysegul Ulku; Tuzun, IlhamiThis study is aimed at investigating the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions using a reed species, Phrag-mites australis as an adsorbent. P. australis was modified by means of a chemical treatment, assuring the alteration of hydroxyl groups to sulphonyl groups. Experiments were performed in the batch mode to determine the adsorption dynamics of the modified and untreated P. australis. The impact of several influential parameters such as initial pH, initial dye concentration and contact time on the adsorption capacity of P. australis was evaluated. The adsorption capacity of raw P. australis was found to improve significantly by modification reaction. The maximum sorption capacities of the raw and modified biomass were found to be 22.7 mg/g and 46.8 mg/g at initial MB concentration of 250 ppm, biosorbent dosage 0.25 g and initial dye solution of pH of 6.5, respectively. Dye adsorption equilibrium data were fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm rather than the others. The rate of adsorption followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters for both raw and modified biomass showed that the adsorption of MB was favorable and spontaneous. Results showed that both P. australis and its modified form have a potential as an eco-friendly adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Size-selective microplastic uptake by freshwater organisms: Fish, mussel, and zooplankton(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Kankilic, Gokben Basaran; Koraltan, Idris; Erkmen, Belda; Cagan, Ali Serhan; Cirak, Tamer; Ozen, Mihriban; Seyfe, MelikeMicroplastics, as an emergent pollutant, have garnered substantial attention within aquatic environments, yet a significant knowledge gap persists regarding the interplay of organism size and pollution impacts on microplastic uptake in freshwater ecosystems. The main aim of the current study is to assess the microplastic ingestion by aquatic organisms across diverse trophic levels. To achieve this objective, zooplankton, mussels (Anodonta anatina), and fish (Carassius gibelio) were collected from the highly polluted Susurluk River Basin in Turkiye. The size distribution encompassed 160.8 & PLUSMN; 56.9 & mu;m for the prevailing zooplankton, 6.9 & PLUSMN; 2.2 cm for mussel, and 20.4 & PLUSMN; 3.1 cm for fish, respectively. While no microplastic ingestion was observed among zooplankton, the finding highlights the influence of body-size and pollution on microplastic ingestion. In contrast, A. anatina and C. gibelio contained 617 and 792 microplastic particles, respectively. Predominantly, fibers emerged as the most prevalent microplastic type across trophic levels (except zooplankton) followed by films. Notably, only fish exhibited fragments within their gastrointestinal tract. A substantial correlation emerged between microplastic abundance and mussel size and weight, but no such correlation manifested for fish. The study also revealed a positive link between microplastic count and turbidity (phosphate and high Chl a level), impacting mussel ingestion capacity due to the variability in the food availability and potential shifts in feeding preferences. Conversely, no distinct pattern emerged for fish concerning water quality parameters and ingested microplastics. Consequently, our study underscores diverse microplastic uptake patterns in freshwater ecosystems, with a predominant frequency of microplastics falling with the 0.3 mm-3.0 mm range, emphasizing the significance of size-selective uptake by organisms.Öğe Sub-lethal toxicities of zinc pyrithione, copper pyrithione alone and in combination to the indicator mussel species Unio crassus Philipsson, 1788 (Bivalvia, Unionidae)(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2020) Tresnakova, Nikola; Gunal, A. Caglan; Kankilic, Gokben Basaran; Pacal, Elif; Tavsanoglu, U. Nihan; Uyar, Recep; Erkoc, FigenZinc pyrithione (ZnPT) and copper pyrithione (CuPT) are widely used antifouling booster biocides in the shipping industry as a replacement for the banned tributyltin (TBT). Sub-lethal effects of zinc pyrithione (ZnPT; 10 mu g L-1), copper pyrithione (CuPT; 10 mu g L-1) and combined copper-zinc pyrithione (CZPT; 5 + 5 and 10 + 10 mu g. L-1) to freshwater indicator mussel Unio crassus (5.49 +/- 0.85 cm in size) were determined by investigation of the total hemocyte counts, biochemical analysis mussel tissues and histopathological observations after 48-h and 7-d exposures. Mean total hemocyte counts differed significantly among all groups, for both exposure durations. In the 7 d, lipid peroxidation levels (malondialdehyde, MDA nmol g(-1) wet tissue) and reduced glutathione levels (GSH mu mol g(-1) wet tissue) were lower than 48 h. However, there were no significant differences among groups. Total protein levels (mg mL(-1)) were approximately in the same range and differed only among 7-d exposure groups. The gill tissues showed hemocytic infiltration and lipofuscin like structures, while digestive gland showed loss of digestive tubules in the treatments of pyrithione compounds. Histopathological damages were most severe in the combined exposure groups. In conclusion, ZnPT, CuPT and combined CZPT(5/10) are highly toxic on a freshwater indicator mussel species U. crassus.Öğe Tracking the microplastic accumulation from past to present in the freshwater ecosystems: A case study in Susurluk Basin, Turkey(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Almas, Fatma Feisal; Bezirci, Gizem; Cagan, Ali Serhan; Gokdag, Kerem; Cirak, Tamer; Kankilic, Gokben Basaran; Pacal, ElifMicroplastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems has become a global issue in recent years due to its presence everywhere around the world. Although several studies have explored the impact of the accumulation of those small particles in marine environments, comparisons of freshwater systems with marine environments are scarce. In the current study, due to the lack of long-term data on microplastic pollution, we used paleolimnological approaches to acquire the missing information regarding this hot topic. Two short cores were taken from Bursa province in Turkey, which is the center of industrial and agricultural production with many different sectors such as textile and manufacturing. The first core sample was taken from a relatively pristine environment, Lake Uluabat, and the second one was taken from a delta area where all the discharge coming from the basin flowed through to the Marmara Sea. The sediment core from the lake was dated back to the 1960's and the majority of the sample was dominated by fibers. Despite there being no uniform distribution pattern, the number of the microplastics showed decreasing trend after the lake became a Ramsar site. Due to the continuous mixing in the sampling area, there were obstacles via the dating of the Delta core. Nevertheless, the data showed that a high number and variety of microplastics have accumulated over the last decade in the province. This can be interpreted as microplastic pollution reaching the sea directly from the basin. These findings revealed that a plastic chronostratigraphy would give important temporal data regarding the microplastic accumulation in aquatic ecosystems.
