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    Determination of yield nutrient contents and in vitro digestibility of some triticale varieties harvested at different maturity stages
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2024) Evci, Şevket; Kara, Kamil; Demirci, Mehmet
    The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of growth performance, nutrient content, and digestibility of different triticale varieties to ruminant diets and to indirectly assist farmers in feed production. The experiment utilized five triticale varieties. The study was designed as a randomized complete block design with split plots and three replications. The digestibility values were determined in vitro after 48 h of incubation using an Ankom Daisy II incubator. Rumen liquid was obtained from dairy cows slaughtered at the Ye & scedil;il Vadi Meat Integrated Facility. Nutrient values, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and yield traits of forages were measured. The highest levels of dry matter and organic matter were observed during the physiological maturity stage, followed by the dough and milk development stages (p < 0.05). The DM values in the milk, dough, and physiological maturity stages were 43.11%, 61.94%, and 91.41%, respectively (p < 0.05). The triticale varieties had the highest crude protein (CP) values during the milk development stage and the lowest values during the physiological maturity stage (p < 0.05). The highest dry matter digestibility (DMD) rates were observed in the physiological maturity stage across all varieties. The DMD rates for triticale varieties Alperbey, Tatl & imath;cak 97, Karma 2000, & Uuml;mranhan & imath;m, and Mikham 2002 were 84.74%, 86.55%, 84.19%, 86.20%, and 85.10%, respectively. No significant differences in the amount of phytic acid content were found among the triticale varieties used in the study (p > 0.05). Therefore, it is believed that triticale varieties can provide highly digestible forage and grain feed for ruminants if the harvesting time is well managed.
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    The Effect Of Different Environmental Conditions On Yield And Oil Rates Of Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius L.)
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Demir, Ismail; Kara, Kamil
    Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an important vegetable oil plant for human consumption and alternative bioenergy source. Also, this plant is used for the evaluation of fallow and marginal land areas in the world. This study was carried out to determine the yield traits of 8 safflower cultivars (Yenice, Dincer, Remzibey, Balci, Linas, Ayaz, Olas and Asol) in two marginal locations (Kirsehir and Kirikkale) in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey in 2015. According to the results, yield and oil rates of safflower cultivars varied significantly in different ecologies with respect to yield and oil rate parameters. Results showed that plant height, head diameter, number of seeds per head and 1000-grain weight varied between 54.09 - 81.00 cm, 2.05 - 2.33 cm, 16.27 - 31.03 and 36.00 - 46.74 g, respectively. Crude oil rate and crude oil yield ranged from 27.93 - 38.91% and 394.8 - 744.3 kg ha(-1). Dincer variety had the highest seed yield with 2.08 t ha(-1), followed by Linas cultivar with 1.85 t ha(-1) for both environmental conditions. In marginal areas, Remzibey (2.07 t ha(-1)) and Yenice (2.06 t ha(-1)) cultivars also produced higher yields nearly similar to those of Dincer and Linas cultivars. To conclude, Dincer and Linas cultivars can be suggested for both dry and marginal environmental conditions, while Remzibey and Yenice cultivars can be offered for salty marginal conditions.
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    EFFECTS OF HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELD (HVEF) TREATMENTS ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF FIELD PEA (Pisum arvense L.) SEEDS
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2021) Erol, Taskin; Kara, Kamil; Yilmaz, Ozlem Ince; Dogan, Mustafa
    Field pea is an important cool-season legume crop that is grown on over 6 million hectares worldwide. P. arvense is a variety used commonly as forage pea due to its digestibility and highly nutritious content suitable for feeding livestock. Despite various types of electric field treatments are investigated for the improvement of widely consumed crops, studies are still very limited. In this study, field pea seeds were treated with HVEF of 50, 100 and 200 kV/m intensities for 3 different durations (1, 5 and 10 minutes). Germination and seedling growth parameters examined were germination percentage, root and shoot lengths and dry weights. Germination percentage was 96.25% for control, and oscillated +/- 1.5% in treatments with no significance. 50 and 100 kV/m treatments enhanced root lengths up to 10.5% in 5 min-100 kV/m treatments. Although non-significant, shoot lengths also increased especially in 100 kV/m treatments up to 16.2%. The most significant effect was determined in root dry weights which improved in all treatments of 50 and 100 kV/m except 10 min-50 kV/m treatment. 200 kV/m treatments slightly reduced the growth of seedlings. This study shows that HVEF treatments are effective in enhancing seedling growth of field pea seeds and have the potential to be used in seed technologies.
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    Evaluating the effects of different silage additives on silage quality and in vitro digestion values of the silages of leguminous and gramineous forage plants grown without fertilizer and irrigation in central Anatolian arid conditions
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2021) Kara, Kamil; Kara, Kanber; Erol, Taskin; Sen, Gokhan; Karsli, Mehmet Akif
    The objective of this study was to determine the effects of molasses, and bacterial inoculants on silage quality, fermentation characteristics, nutrient contents, and in vitro digestibility of different forage species grown at terrestrial climate of Central Anatolia without any artificial fertilizer usage and irrigation. Forage peas (Pisum arvense L.), Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz), rye grass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and triticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack) harvested at the dough stage of triticale and conserved in 1.5 kg jars. Silages were treated with no additive (control silage), 5% molasses and 10 g/t bacterial inoculant. Sensory, pH, organic acid, chemical analyses and in vitro digestibility of all silages were determined Forage peas silage had the highest lactic and acetic acid concentrations among all silages. Addition of both molasses and inoculant did not affect the lactic acid (LA) contents of silages (p 0.05), but both them increased acetic acid contents (p < 0.05). Ammonia-N concentrations were higher in forage peas silage compared with other silages (p < 0.05). The concentrations of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and crude protein (CP) were significantly different among silages (p < 0.05). The addition of molasses significantly reduced the silage OM, NDF and ADF contents (p < 0.05). In vitro OM digestibilities and energy values of silage were significantly different among silages made from different forages (p < 0.05), but not affected by silage additives. It can be concluded that high quality silage can be prepared from legume forages such as peas and vetch and small cereal grains such as rye and triticale grown without fertilizer usage and irrigation in central Anatolian arid conditions without any silage additive application, and but silage additive use may improve silage quality.
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    Impacts Of High Voltage Electric Field (Hvef) Applications On Germination And Seedling Growth Of Seed (Triticum Aestivum L.) With Analysis By Fourier Transform Infrared (Ftir) Spectroscopy
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Ince-Yilmaz, Ozlem; Erol, Taskin; Kara, Kamil; Dogan, Mustafa; Erdem, Umit
    Wheat is an important widely grown cereal that its grains used worldwide as a staple food. In this study, germination and seedling growth characteristics of grains of Triticum aestivum, the most widely grown species of the genus, in response to HVEF applications were studied. Three different intensities (50, 100 and 200 kV/m) were applied for 1, 5 and 10 min durations. Germination percentages were not affected by treatments, while germination speeds were inhibited by high intensities at long durations. Maximum enhancement in seedling growth measures which were given as root and shoot lengths and dry weights was determined for 5 min 50 kV/m treatment, where increases in average seedling lengths and dry weights were 34.2 % and 26.1 %, respectively. 1 min durations of treatments were also highly improved seedling growth, particularly at root measures. ATR technique was used to analyze the roots and first foliage leafs of treated seeds at FTIR spectroscopy. FTIR results supported that HVEF treatment could be a useful tool for enhancement of wheat seedling growth in early stages of development.
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    The effect of microbial inoculants and molasses on quality and in vitro digestibility of silages prepared with different proportions of ryegrass and Hungarian vetch
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Sen, Gokhan; Erol, Taskin; Kara, Kamil; Demirci, Mehmet; Karsli, Mehmet Akif
    In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of microbial inoculants and molasses on the quality and in vitro digestibility of the silages ensiled from the cultivation of different proportions of ryegrass-Hungarian vetch mixtures grown in Central Anatolian conditions. For this purpose, 5% molasses and 10 g/ton (1.25 x 10(11) CFU/g) inoculant were added to silages of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) containing 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica L.), under laboratory conditions. The prepared silages were opened at the end of 60 days and their physical analysis, chemical contents, fermentation parameters, in vitro digestibilities using rumen inocula obtained from cannulated Holstein cow, and energy levels were determined. In the study, it was determined that the microbial inoculant increased the lactic acid level significantly (p < 0.05). In vitro digestibility of organic matter and energy values increased in silages containing 60% HV compared to other silages and with both additives (p < 0.05). The neutral detergent fiber levels increased in mixtures containing 40% and 60% Hungarian vetch (p < 0.05). The increase in the vetch ratio affected the external appearance of the silages negatively (p < 0.05), and the physical properties were adversely affected by the inoculant (p < 0.05). As a result, it was determined that Hungarian vetch can be mixed with ryegrass up to 80% with and without inoculant and molasses additive to obtain high-quality silage. But the highest digestibility values were obtained when Hungarian vetch was mixed at a 60% level. It would be more appropriate to prefer molasses to avoid undesired changes in physical properties.
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    The Effects of Foliar Vermicompost Applications on Yield and Some Yield Components in Triticale Varieties
    (2021) Kara, Kamil; Erol, Taşkın; Şener, Aykut
    Vermicompost fertilizers have started to attract attention in agriculture last years. Various liquid\rvermicompost fertilizers are produced and used in agriculture and some of them known as\rvermiliquer, vermi leachate, vermi tea or vermicast with little differences. This study is aimed to\rdetermine the effects of foliar application of liquid vermicompost fertilizer on yield and some yield\rcomponents on some Turkey triticale varieties under Central Anatolian conditions in Kırıkkale\rprovince during the growing period 2014-15 and 2015-16. Six different (control, 75, 150, 250, 350\rand 450 cc da-1) liquid vermicompost fertilizer doses were applied by the foliar spraying method at\rthe beginning and end of March in both years to the five Turkey triticale varieties (Alperbey,\rMikham 2002, Tatlıcak 97, Karma 2000 and Ümranhanım). According to the results, plant height,\rgrain number and grain yield in spike, grain yield per decare, harvest index and protein content\rresults were found to be significant in fertilizer × variety × year interaction. There is also a\rstatistically significant difference between thousand-grain weight and the variety x fertilizer doses\rinteraction, and between varieties and fertilizer doses in terms of spike length. The positive effects\rof liquid vermicompost fertilizer doses, except 450 cc da-1, were determined in varieties. It was\robserved that a satisfactory yield can be obtained from 250 cc da-1 in the absence of nitrogen\rfertilizers as the top fertilizer. It could be deduced that 250-350 cc da-1 doses of vermicompost\rfertilizer can be applied in triticale based on varying ecological conditions and varieties in Central\rAnatolian ecological conditions