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    Bevacizumab sterility in multiple doses from a single-use vial
    (Harvey Whitney Books Co, 2008) Örnek, Kemal; Karahan, Zeynep Ceren; Ergin, Ahmet; Tekeli, Alper; Tekeli, Oya
    BACKGROUND: Recent reports have demonstrated that refrigerated bevacizumab can be stored for up to 3 weeks at 4 degrees C without loss of efficacy. There have been no previous reports addressing bevacizumb's sterility when stored and used as multiple doses from a single-use vial. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sterility of bevacizumab when used as multiple doses from a single-use vial. METHODS: Four groups of vials were used to simulate the storage and use conditions for bevacizumab. Each group contained 11 doses of 0.2 mL of bevacizumab. One sample from each group was cultured once each day at 37 degrees C for 10 days; one sample from each group was left for 15 days. MacConkey agar, blood agar, thioglycollate broth, and Sabouraud medium were used to assess bacterial and fungal growth. RESULTS: A total of 44 samples of bevacizumab were included in this study. Each sample was placed on 4 growth media for microbial readings. All samples were found to be negative for microbial growth. No significant differences were observed among the groups. Possible limitations of this study included the number of samples for each group and in vitro design of the study, which might have affected the growth of bacterial organisms. CONCLUSIONS: Storage and multiple use of bevacizumab from single-use vials does not seem to result n microbial contamination.
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    PCR investigation of Panton-Valentine leukocidin, enterotoxin, exfoliative toxin, and agr genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from psoriasis patients
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2015) Gocmen, Julide Sedef; Sahiner, Neriman; Kocak, Mukadder; Karahan, Zeynep Ceren
    Background/aim: Staphylococcus aureus colonization is a determiner of disease activation in psoriasis patients. Here we evaluate the presence of genes encoding Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), enterotoxins, TSST-1, exfoliative toxins, and the accessory gene regulatory locus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in S. aureus isolates obtained from healthy and diseased skin regions and anterior nares of psoriasis patients and healthy controls. Materials and methods: The presence of PVL and toxin genes was investigated, and agr typing was performed by PCR. Results: Eighteen of the isolated strains carried the sei, 1 carried the seb-sec, and 1 carried the seg enterotoxin gene. Eight of the strains carrying enterotoxin genes were isolated from nasal swabs, 6 from diseased skin swabs, and 4 from healthy skin swabs. None of the strains isolated from the control group carried the agr locus. On the other hand, 11 of the S. aureus strains isolated from the patients carried type 1, 7 carried type 1 + 3, 4 carried type 2, 4 carried type 3, and 1 carried type 1 + 2 agr loci. Conclusion: Enterotoxin production and the carried accessory gene regulatory locus may be important in the aggravation of psoriasis.