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    The Role of Early Literacy Skills in Beginning to Read in Turkish: Longitudinal Findings from First Graders
    (Ozgen Korkmaz, 2023) Kargin, Tevhide; Güldenoğlu, İsa Birkan; Gengeç, Hilal
    The aim of this longitudinal study is to investigate the effects of early literacy skills on beginning to read in a transparent orthography, viz. Turkish. In line with this aim, a total of eighty-four participants were followed from preschool to the end of the first grade and the extent to which participants' early literacy skills in the preschool period predict their future reading performances was examined. All the data gathered in the study were collected individually at one-year intervals. The participants’ early literacy skills were tested by the "Test of Early Literacy (TEL)", reading comprehension skills was obtained with a text containing 162 words and 10 multiple choice questions, reading fluency performances were calculated with the formula of correct number of words per minute. Data were computed through correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. Results suggest that regarding phonological awareness, early literacy sub-skills, especially those contributing to or serving oral comprehension had positive effects on reading fluency and reading comprehension at the end of the first grade. Valuable conclusions have been drawn from this finding about the role of phonological awareness, and its contribution to reading in an agglutinative orthography such as Turkish. Obtained results are discussed in relation to the literature. © 2023, Ozgen Korkmaz. All rights reserved.
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    Variables Affecting Early Literacy Skills: Socio-Economic Level and Home Literacy
    (Dergipark Akad, 2023) Gengec, Hilal; Guldenoglu, Birkan; Kargin, Tevhide
    The main purpose of this study is to determine the effects of socio-economic level (SEL) and home literacy on the early literacy skills of 60-72 months old children. Two hundred thirty-five children attending pre-school education in the city of Gaziantep and their mothers were included in the study. Children's performances regarding early literacy skills were obtained in the study using the Early Literacy Test (ELT) , information related to their SELs with the Family Information Form , and information on home literacy activities with the Home Literacy Practices Scale (HLP) . ELT implementations were carried out in a designated room or classroom in the children's schools. Telephone interviews conducted with mothers acquired information regarding SEL and home literacy activities. The study's data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis H tests and calculating the Spearman-Brown Rank Differences Correlation Coefficient. The findings indicated that SEL created a significant difference in children's early literacy skills and that children, particularly from low SEL, were in the risk group regarding early literacy skills. Furthermore, they showed that the activities carried out in the home environment are influential in the development of early literacy skills and that the qualitative activities and opportunities provided in the home environment are significant for good early literacy development.