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    Association between atopy, mastoid pneumatization and tympanometric findings
    (Springer, 2015) Kaymakci, Mustafa; Yanik, Bahar; Erel, Fuat; Muluk, Nuray Bayar; Cingi, Cemal
    The purpose of this study was to reveal whether the presence of atopy plays any unfavorable role in the development of a healthy middle ear as evaluated by tympanometry or in the degree of mastoid pneumatization as measured by mastoid volume. 33 atopic patients with positive skin prick test results (atopic group) and 30 healthy subjects (control group) were included in this study. Tympanometric tests were performed in all participants, and the results were classified as type A to C. Mastoid cell volumes were measured by three-dimensional temporal computed tomography. Both the right and left mastoid volumes were significantly lower in the atopic group than in the control group. Tympanogram types among all participants showed that the number of individuals with abnormal tympanograms was significantly higher in the atopic group than in the control group. Moreover, the presence of atopy was found to be associated with an almost 4.5-fold increased risk of having an abnormal tympanogram. Individuals with abnormal tympanograms (type BB or CC) demonstrated significantly lower right and left mastoid volumes than did individuals with normal type A tympanograms. Atopic individuals demonstrated significantly lower right and left mastoid volumes than did subjects in the control group. This study suggests a direct association between atopy and mastoid cell volumes. It was found that the mastoid cell systems of atopic individuals are less pneumatized, and tympanometric measurements are worse in atopic subjects. Therefore, the authors suggest that when a medical or surgical treatment is planned for ear disease in atopic individuals, atopy is an important factor that should be taken into consideration.
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    The Potential Protective Effects of 2-aminoethyl Diphenylborinate against Inner Ear Acoustic Trauma: Experimental Study Using Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy
    (Aves, 2015) Kaymakci, Mustafa; Acar, Mustafa; Burukoglu, Dilek; Kutlu, Hatice Mehtap; Shojaolsadati, Paria; Cingi, Cemal; Muluk, Nuray Bayar
    OBJECTIVE: In this prospective experimental study, we investigated the preventive effects of 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB) in rats exposed to acoustic trauma (AT). Light microscopic, transmission electron microscopic (TEM), and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examinations were performed. MATERIALS and METHODS: Eighteen healthy Wistar albino rats were divided into the following three groups: groups 1 (control), 2 (AT), and 3 (AT+APB). The rats in groups 2 and 3 were exposed to AT; in group 3 rats, 2-APB at 2 mg/kg was also administered, initially transperitoneally, after 10 min. RESULTS: During the light microscopic, TEM, and SEM examinations, the structures of the cochlear hair cells, stereocilia, and Deiter's cells were normal in the control group. In the AT group, the organ of Corti and proximate structures were damaged according to the light microscopic examination. During the TEM examination, intense cellular damage and stereocilia loss were detected, while during the SEM examination, extensive damage and stereocilia loss were observed. Decreased damage with preserved cochlear structure was detected during the light microscopic examination in the AT+APB group than in the AT group. During the TEM and SEM examinations, although stereocilia loss occurred in the AT+APB group, near-normal cell, cilia, and tectorial membrane structures were also observed in the AT+APB group compared with the AT group. CONCLUSION: 2-APB may have protective effects against AT damage of the cochlea. The main mechanism underlying this effect is the inhibition of the vasoconstriction of the cochlear spiral modiolar artery, thereby improving cochlear blood flow. We conclude that 2-APB may also be effective if used immediately following AT.