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    The Ocular Endothelin System: A Novel Target for the Treatment of Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis With Bosentan
    (Assoc Research Vision Ophthalmology Inc, 2014) Keles, Sadullah; Halici, Zekai; Atmaca, Hasan Tarik; Yayla, Muhammed; Yildirim, Kenan; Ekinci, Metin; Bayraktutan, Zafer
    PURPOSE. We compared the anti-inflammatory effects of bosentan and dexamethasone in endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU). METHODS. Endotoxin-induced uveitis was induced by subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 200 mu g) in Wistar rats. Rats were divided randomly into 10 groups (n=6). Bosentan at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg were administered orally 1 hour before and 12 hours after LPS injection, and dexamethasone was administered by intraperitoneally 30 minutes before and 30 minutes after LPS injection at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Data were collected at two time points for each control and treatment; animals were killed at either 3 or 24 hours after LPS injection. Histopathologic evaluation and aqueous humour measurements of TNF-alpha level were performed, and endothelin-1 (ET-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and endothelin receptor A and B (EDNRA and B) expression were analyzed. RESULTS. The group treated with 100 mg/kg bosentan at 24 hours displayed significantly milder uveitis and fewer inflammatory cells compared to LPS-injected animals, and there were similar findings in the dexamethasone-treated group at 24 hours. The TNF-alpha levels in the dexamethasone treatment group were lower than those in the LPS-induced uveitis control group (P < 0.05); however, there was no difference between the dexamethasone and bosentan treatment groups at 3 and 24 hours after LPS administration. Bosentan treatment at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly decreased iNOS expression compared to LPS-injected animals (P < 0.001). The ET-1 expression was suppressed significantly by bosentan and dexamethasone at 3 and 24 hours after LPS administration (P < 0.001). The EDNRA expression in the bosentan treatment groups was statistically significantly lower than that in the LPS-induced uveitis control group at 3 and 24 hours after LPS administration (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS. Bosentan reduces intraocular inflammation and has similar effects as dexamethasone in a rat model of EIU.