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    Anaerobic glycolysis is the main pathway for energy generation in HI-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells
    (Derman Medical Publishing, 2010) Boyunaga H.; Keles H.; Kenar L.; Ural A.U.; Avcu F.
    Aim In physiological conditions, normal cells use mainly the glycolytic aerobic pathway to provide energy. However, most cancer cells utilize anaerobic glycolytic way for energy generation. Aim of this study was to investigate the carbohydrate metabolic pathways of HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells for energy production. Material and Methods Leukemia cells as well as normal leukocytes were incubated with radiolabelled glucose in aerobic and anaerobic conditions and glycogen consumptions and the ratios of radiolabelled glucose catabolized into CO2 or lactate, that is, the rates of aerobic or anaerobic glycolysis, were determined. Results The glycogen consumption was significantly higher in aerobic leukemia cell culture than normal leukocyte culture (p<0.01). The rate of anaerobic glycolysis was 93.8% in leukemia cells in aerobic conditions and it increased to 96.6% while utilization of glycogen increased by 7.31% in anaerobic conditions. Conclusion In conclusion, principally anaerobic glycolysis is effective for energy generation in HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. This result may be important for the development of new therapeutic approaches in the treatment of promyelocytic leukemia, requiring further comprehensive studies.
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    The effects of Ara-C, simvastatin and combo therapy on energy metabolism of HL-60 promyolocytic leukemia cell lines
    (Turkish Biochemistry Society, 2013) Boyunağa H.; Günnur Dikmen Z.; Kenar L.; Saygun O.; Keleş H.; Ugur Ural A.; Lale M.
    Objective: Cancer cells choose their metabolic pathway depending on the oxygen content and substrate concentration of the medium. A wide spectrum of therapeutic agents regulating the energy metabolism of cancer cells are in still in use. Cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) is a pyrimidine analogue used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and simvastatin is an inhibitor of HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA) reductase, which regulates cholesterol biosynthesis. Thus, this study aimed to assess the energy metabolism of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells and healthy white blood cells, additionally to determine the effects of simvastatin and Ara-C, alone or in combination on the energy metabolism of these cells. Materials and Methods: Healthy white blood cells, untreated and treated HL-60 promyolocytic leukemia cell lines were incubated for 4 hours with radiolabelled glucose. Following incubation, lactate, which is one of the end products of the carbohydrate catabolism, and radiolabelled CO2 produced by cells were collected and measured by the liquid scintillation device. In addition, glycogen consumption per hour was determined in each group. Results and Conclusion: We found that untreated HL-60 promyolocytic cells use anaerobic glycolytic pathway whereas healthy white blood cells use aerobic glycolysis for energy gain. It was concluded that combined use of Ara-C and Simvastatin might lead to significant increase in the rate of aerobic glycolysis of HL-60 promyelocytic cells and the metabolism of these leukemia cells become more similar to the metabolism of healthy white blood cells which they originate from. © TurkJBiochem.com.
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    The relationship between depressive status and total cholesterol levels in a bomb plant workers
    (Derman Medical Publishing, 2010) Boyunaga H.; Kenar L.; Keles H.; Gulec M.; Oguzturk O.
    Aim There is significant amount of evidence linking low cholesterol levels to aggressive behaviors, depression and suicide. Material and Methods The objective of this study was to determine whether a correlation exists between serum total cholesterol levels and depressive state in 77 male workers labouring in a bomb plant and in 80 male office personnel. Depressive statuses of the subjects were determined by using Beck Depression Rating Scale and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Results Depression scores were significantly higher and total cholesterol levels were significantly lower in bomb factory workers than that of office staff. In both types of workers, cholesterol levels were negatively correlated with depression scores according to both Beck and Zung scales. Total cholesterol levels of bomb factory workers with moderate and severe depression symptoms were significantly lower when compared with normal and mild depression. Conclusion These data indicate that lowserum total cholesterol level is associated with increased risk of depressive state.