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    Stem cell suspension injected HEMA-lactate-dextran cryogels for regeneration of critical sized bone defects
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Bolgen, Nimet; Korkusuz, Petek; Vargel, Ibrahim; Kilic, Emine; Guzel, Elif; Cavusoglu, Tarik; Piskin, Erhan
    HEMA-Lactate-Dextran cryogel scaffolds were produced by cryogelation. Mesencyhmal stem cells (MSC) were isolated from rat bone marrow. Critical sized cranial bone defects were created in rat cranium. Stem cells were injected inside the macropores of the cryogel scaffolds prepared from HEMA-Lactate-Dextran possessing the same dimensions with the defect and placed in the cranial bone. The cryogels placed in the defect without stem cells served as control. After selected time intervals the experimental sites were removed from the animals and new bone formation and tissue integration were investigated by histological analysis. The in vivo results exhibited osseous tissue integration within the implant and mineralized functionally stable bone restoration of the cranial defects. Tissue formation started in the macrospores of the scaffold starting from periphery to the center. A significant ingrowth of connective tissue cells and new blood vessels allowed new bone formation. Histological data demonstrated that new bone per total defect area ratio, were not significantly different in "scaffold-stem cells" group compared to that of "scaffold only" group on all time points. However, the blood vessel density was significantly higher in "scaffold-stem cells" group comparing to that of the "scaffold only" group on day 30. "Scaffold-stem cells" given group gave better tissue response score when compared to "scaffold only" group on day 180.
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    Stem cells combined 3D electrospun nanofibrous and macrochannelled matrices: a preliminary approach in repair of rat cranial bones
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Isoglu, Ismail Alper; Bolgen, Nimet; Korkusuz, Petek; Vargel, Ibrahim; Celik, Hakan Hamdi; Kilic, Emine; Piskin, Erhan
    Repair of cranial bone defects is an important problem in the clinical area. The use of scaffolds combined with stem cells has become a focus in the reconstruction of critical-sized bone defects. Electrospinning became a very attracting method in the preparation of tissue engineering scaffolds in the last decade, due to the unique nanofibrous structure of the electrospun matrices. However, they have a limitation for three dimensional (3D) applications, due to their two-dimensional structure and pore size which is smaller than a cellular diameter which cannot allow cell migration within the structure. In this study, electrospun poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) membranes were spirally wounded to prepare 3D matrices composed of nanofibers and macrochannels. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells were injected inside the scaffolds after the constructs were implanted in the cranial bone defects in rats. New bone formation, vascularisation and intramembranous ossification of the critical size calvarial defect were accelerated by using mesenchymal stem cells combined 3D spiral-wounded electrospun matrices.