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    Development of the Critically Ill Patient Eye Assessment Scale: A study of validity and reliability
    (Wiley, 2024) Kahraman, Burcu Bayrak; Acun, Aysun; Ozturk, Elif Sozeri; Kirca, Kamile
    BackgroundEye care and assessment of the eye are critical for intensive care patients to prevent ocular complications like dry eye and corneal abrasion. However, there is no measurement tool developed for intensive care patients that examines the risks of ocular complications.AimsThis study aimed to develop a valid and reliable tool, the Critically Ill Patient Eye Assessment Scale (CIPEAS), for assessing the risk of ocular complications and determining the frequency of eye care.Study designThis study is an instrument development study. This methodological study was conducted with 151 intensive care patients in Turkey between March 2022 and March 2023. Data were collected with the Patient Information Form and the CIPEAS. The data were evaluated using SPSS 23 statistical software. AMOS 21 was used to verify the structure obtained with CFA. Exploration and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to determine the scale's factorial structure.ResultsAs a result of exploratory factor analysis, a six-item scale consisting of a single dimension was obtained, explaining 59.993% of the total variance. The fit indices of the scale were found to be chi 2/SD = 2.653, GFI = 0.954, RMSEA = 0.075, NFI = 0.949 and CFI = 0.967. Cronbach's alpha of the scale was found to be 0.862.ConclusionThe CIPEAS was found to be a valid and reliable assessment tool.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe Critically Ill Patient Eye Assessment Scale is a valid and reliable tool for Turkish society for assessing the risk of ocular complications. It is recommended for various national and international studies with different patients in intensive care units.
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    Evaluation of the Spiritual Care Needs of Patients with Cancer in a Chemotherapy Unit in Turkey
    (Springer, 2024) Kirca, Kamile; Ozveren, Husna; Bagci, Sema
    This study was conducted to determine the spiritual care needs of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used to analyze a total of 104 patients at a university hospital in Turkey. The data were collected using the Spiritual Care Needs Scale. The mean age of the patients participating in the study was 61.0 (10.2). It was determined that 31.7% of the patients stated that the concepts of spirituality and spiritual care are related to religion and worship. As a result, it was found that the patients receiving chemotherapy had high-spiritual care needs. The dimensions in which the spiritual needs of the patients were remarkably high were belief and spiritual practices, being in peace and security, the love and support of their relatives and being informed about health. The spiritual care need score of the patients increased significantly with marital status (p = 0.001), having children (p = 0.002), having a chronic disease (p = 0.04) and having an undergraduate/graduate level education (p = 0.01). Nurses should be aware of patient's spiritual needs, plan patient-specific spiritual care practices, conduct more studies on the effects of spiritual care on the patient and family and create guidelines for spiritual care practices in patients receiving chemotherapy in Turkey.
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    Examining Nursing Students' Perspectives on Cancer through Metaphors in Turkey
    (Springer, 2022) Kirca, Kamile; Kas, Canan
    This study was conducted to reveal the perceptions of cancer through metaphors among second-year nursing students. This study utilized descriptive phenomenology, which is a qualitative research design. In order to reveal the metaphors that each nursing student (n = 65) considered for the concept of cancer, they were asked to complete the following sentence: Cancer is like horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis , because horizontal ellipsis horizontal ellipsis . In analyzing the data, a content analysis approach comprising coding, the identification of themes, and grouping of data according to codes and themes was used. It was found that the nursing students produced 44 different metaphors. With the groupings made from the students' perspectives on cancer, categories of crime/punishment, fear/anxiety/pain, uncertainty, uncontrollability, and struggle/hope were identified. In particular, the students' metaphors of test, fight, unwanted friend, love, naughty child, thief, and trouble for the concept of cancer came to the fore. It is recommended to improve clinical education to develop positive attitudes among nursing students toward cancer.
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    Investigation of Nursing Students' Attitudes Towards Death and Their Perceptions of Spirituality and Spiritual Care
    (SPRINGER, 2020) Tuzer, Hilal; Kirca, Kamile; Ozveren, Husna
    Nurses are responsible for meeting the care needs of dying patients and their families, including their physical, psychological, emotional and spiritual assessment and care. The aim of this descriptive study was to investigate nursing students' attitudes towards death and their perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care. The study sample consisted of 237 second-, third- and fourth-grade nursing students. Data were collected using a "Personal Information Form", the "Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS)" and "Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R)". Number, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Spearman's correlation analysis were used for analysis. Participants stated that they had witnessed death before (73.8%), that spiritual care of dying patients and their families should be given special importance (93.7%) and that they feel incompetent in providing spiritual care (86.1%). Participants had a mean SSCRS score of 3.45 +/- 0.43. They had the highest and lowest scores on the DAP-R subscales of "fear of death" (4.48 +/- 0.83) and neutral acceptance (3.71 +/- 1.21), respectively, indicating that they have a high fear of death and above average perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care. It is recommended that different teaching methods be integrated into the curriculum to help nursing students develop more positive attitudes towards death and improve their perceptions of spiritual care.
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    Opinions and Experiences of Patients Receiving Oral Chemotherapy: A Qualitative Study
    (MARMARA UNIV, INST HEALTH SCIENCES, 2020) Kutluturkan, Sevinc; Kirca, Kamile; Yurtal, Ozlem
    Objective: This study is a qualitative study aimed to determine the opinions and experiences of patients receiving oral chemotherapy. Methods: The study was conducted in 2018 with 18 volunteers who admitted to the outpatient oncology clinic of a university hospital and received oral chemotherapy. In data collection, a description form and a semi-structured interview form were used. In data analysis process, transcription after each interview and evaluation steps through thematic content analysis method were employed. COREQ-Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative research was used in the structuring and reporting phase of the qualitative study. Results: The themes obtained in the study were access to drugs, use of medicine, side effects and control of treatment, approach of health professionals and support of family and relatives. There is a need to ensure the continuity of the treatment follow-up period in order to improve treatment compliance of patients, to monitor side effects of treatment and to ensure safe use of medicines. Conclusion: In this process, it is crucial that nurses take an active role in patient education and counseling among health professionals so that weaknesses in the patient's drug use process and opportunities for improvement could be identified.
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    Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis of being an oncology nurse: a Turkish oncology nurses' perspective
    (Mark Allen Group, 2022) Kutluturkan, Sevinc; Kirca, Kamile
    Background: Oncology nurses play a key role in providing high-quality treatment and care to cancer patients. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine oncology nurses' views of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to oncology nurses. Methods: This descriptive pilot study was conducted online between December 2018 and January 2019.The study population consisted of 845 nurses who were members of the Oncology Nursing Association of Turkey. The sample consisted of 80 oncology nurses. Data were collected using an online survey. Participants' responses were grouped and evaluated. Data were analysed using numbers and percentages. Results:The mean age of participants was 34.34 +/- 8.23 years.A total of 48 participants (60.5%) were university hospital nurses, and 63 (793%) were medical oncology nurses. Participants had 8.06 +/- 6.72 (mininum I and maximum 22) years of work experience as oncology nurses. For participants, the central strengths of oncology nurses were speed, self-confidence, neatness, composure, patience, compassion or attention (72.4%); psychosocial support (64.5%); and training and consultancy (58.1%). For participants, the first three weaknesses of oncology nurses were over-sentimentality, helplessness or burnout (54.2%); working conditions (50%); and limited knowledge (47.3%). For participants, the first three opportunities of oncology nursing were attending organisations on oncology nursing (62.4%), education and research (50%), and developing patience, strength, empathy, and critical thinking skills (48.6%). For participants, the first three threats to oncology nurses were employee safety issues (76.6%), psychosocial problems (65%) and physical problems (48.8%). Conclusion:Weaknesses and threats should be eliminated for the development of oncology nursing in the light of its strengths and opportunities.
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    Symptoms Experience and Quality of Life in The Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving The Taxane Class of Drugs
    (Aves, 2018) Kirca, Kamile; Kutluturkan, Sevinc
    Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the symptoms experience and quality of life in patients with breast cancer receiving the taxane class of drugs. Materials and Methods: This study was performed between November 2015 March 2016 in a chemotherapy unit of a university hospital with 48 patients, who agreed to participate in the study. The Memorial Symptom Rating Score (MSAS), Socio-demographic and Clinical Features Form, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Breast (EORTC QLQ-BR23) measures specific to breast cancer were used to obtain data. Results: The average age of the patients was 45.65. The majority of patients were treated with the paclitaxel/paclitaxel+trastuzumab treatment protocol (60.42%), and more than half (54.16%) of these patients were on 5 or 6 treatments. The symptoms patients experienced the most commonly included being sensitive, weakness or energy loss and pain. The symptoms they experienced severely were included fatigue and energy loss and being sensitive. The most distressing symptoms were pain, worry, numbness in hands and feet. The overall well-being score of the patients as per the quality of life findings was 46.18 +/- 11.66. While the lowest score for the functional scales was in the social function subscale (66.32 +/- 15.18), the highest score for the symptom scales was in the pain subscale (42.01 +/- 15.37). The lowest score for the EORTC QLQ-BR23 scales was in the sexual life subscale (20.83 +/- 20.19); the highest score was in the body appearance subscale (65.8 +/- 23.96). Conclusion: The results of the study are thought to be helpful for the oncology nurses in evaluating the patients in all aspects and in determining priorities for care.
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    The effect of progressive relaxation exercises on treatment-related symptoms and self-efficacy in patients with lung cancer receiving chemotherapy
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2021) Kirca, Kamile; Kutluturkan, Sevinc
    Background: Patients with lung cancer receiving chemotherapy experience many symptoms, simultaneously or separately, that limit their daily living activities. This study aimed to determine the effect of progressive relaxation exercises on treatment-related symptoms and self-efficacy in patients with lung cancer receiving chemotherapy. Materials and methods: This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted in a university hospital chemotherapy outpatient clinic in Turkey. The study sample consisted of 84 patients, randomly allocated to an experimental group (n = 42) and a control group (n = 42). The experimental group received applied training in progressive relaxation exercises using an MP3 player. The control group received only standard nursing interventions in the chemotherapy unit. Data were collected from patients using a personal information form, a telephone counseling follow-up form, the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale and the Strategies Used by People to Promote Health Scale. Data collection tools were administered at four different times (at first interview and three times on the seventh day of the end of the chemotherapy cycle) and weekly telephone follow-ups were performed. Results: The symptom scores (frequency, severity and level of distress) significantly decreased in the experimental group, compared with the control group (p = 0.0001). Similarly, self-efficacy scores significantly improved in the experimental group (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Progressive relaxation exercises were potentially effective in promoting symptom management and improving the level of self-efficacy.
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    Views of senior nursing students on the concept of old age: a metaphor study
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Kirca, Kamile; Oztuerk, Elif Sozeri; Kahraman, Burcu Bayrak
    Metaphors are part of everyday language as they help us to communicate effectively and allow us to reveal meaning to concepts. Older adults have been described using metaphors like 'Tsunami' in western countries. However, it is unknow which metaphors are used to describe older adults in Turkey. The aim of this study was to reveal the perceptions of the concept of aging among fourth year nursing students through metaphors. This study employed phenomenology, which is a qualitative research design. All fourth-year nursing students in the Nursing Department of the Faculty of Health Sciences of a Turkish university constituted the study population. The study was completed with the participation of 60 students. The data were collected in May-June 2022. To reveal the metaphors that each nursing student considered representative for the concept of 'aging,' they were asked to complete the following sentence: 'Aging is like & mldr; because & mldr; .' In qualitative research, metaphors can help simplify complex and/or multidimensional concepts through connecting one familiar concept to another familiar one, resulting in the comparison between the two concepts opening up new possibilities and perspectives. Metaphors provide structure to data and aid understanding of a familiar process in a new light. The metaphors and their justifications, written by students in their own handwriting, were used as the main data source in this study. Students completed the questionnaire in one session. The completion of the form took approximately 20 minutes. The mean age of the students was 22.5 +/- 1.4 years, and 78.3% of them were female. In analyzing the data, a content analysis approach comprising coding, the identification of themes, and grouping of data according to codes and themes was used. The metaphors produced by the students were categorized as 'positive' and 'negative.' In the positive category, there were 10 metaphors formed by 43 (71.7%) nursing students. Fourteen metaphors by 17 (28.3%) nursing students were identified in the negative category. The most commonly used metaphors were found to be 'tree,' 'flower,' 'kid,' and 'book.' It was observed that the students perceived the concept of old age as a process that helped individuals gain knowledge and experience and a guiding process. In order to increase and maintain a positive attitude toward the older people, it can be recommended to include more topics and practices related to old age.