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    Double punch to the better than nothing: physical activity participation of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Gurkan, Rifat Kerem; Kocak, Funda
    Participation in physical activity (PA) come about differently in each individual. Investigating how it occurs in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is seen as an area that does not receive enough attention. In this paper, which was designed to get more information and contribute to the field, the participation of adolescents with ASD in PA was examined in line with the socio-ecological model through the opinions of 17 Turkish parents. Semi-structured interviews well-used to understand the perspective of parents', and as a main themes constraints and facilitating factors affecting participation of adolescents with ASD in PA were determined. When investigated in terms of intrapersonal factors, which are the first stage of the model, are examined, it is seen that ASD related problems as a constraint and experiences as a facilitator were the foremost themes. Interpersonal constraints were prejudice and family attitude while facilitators were family attitude and attitude of close surroundings. In environmental factors, the main constraints were adapted physical activity (APA) opportunities, while facilitators were neighborhood and facilities. While negative PA approaches of organizations was an institutional constraint, positive PA approach of organizations was a facilitator. In the final stages of the model, in terms of public policy, the constraint was not meeting expectations of current policies and the facilitator was improvements in policies. Consequently, it was understood that adolescents with ASD still participate in PA in some way even though they encounter many constraints when participating in physical activities, the constraints outweigh the facilitating factors.
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    Perceived constraints and facilitators of participation in physical activity by individuals with autism spectrum disorders
    (PROJACK, 2020) Gurkan, Rifat Kerem; Kocak, Funda
    Introduction. The purpose of this study is to examine the nature and context of parent perspectives of physical activity for their children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Methods. In the study, one of the qualitative research methods, semi-structured interview technique was used as the research design phenomenology method. In addition to demographic information form, participants were asked about the factors that facilitate or constraints their children's participation in physical activity and the benefits of physical activity. Criterion sampling, one of the purposive sampling methods, was used in the study. The study group consisted of 11 parents whose ages ranged from 37 to 55 years (Mage = 44.09, SD = 6.59) and children participated to physical activity rehabilitation program which was carried out by a special education and rehabilitation center. Thematic analysis method was used for data analysis. Results. Three themes being constraints in physical activity, facilitators in physical activity and benefits of physical activity were reported. In the study, most frequently reported constraints were intrapersonal and the most commonly reported facilitator was also intrapersonal. Parents' opinions suggest that interpersonal factors and structural factors are important for special education students with ASD to continue their participation in physical activity. Conclusion. As a result, it is seen that the parents of individuals with ASD encounter some constraints in directing their children to physical activity, however due to the benefits obtained despite these constraints, their children continue to participate in physical activity.