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Öğe Amino acid surface modified bioglass: A candidate biomaterial for bone tissue engineering1(Wiley, 2024) Özkabadayı, Yasin; Türk, Mustafa; Kumandaş, Ali; Karahan, SiyamiBioglasses are solid materials consisted of sodium oxide, calcium oxide, silicon dioxide and phosphorus in various proportions and have used in bone tissue engineering. There have been ongoing efforts to improve the surface properties of bioglasses to increase biocompatibility and performance. The aim of the present study is to modify the bioglass surface with an amino acid mixture consisting of arginine, aspartic acid, phenylalanine, cysteine, histidine and lysine, to characterize the surface, and to evaluate the performance and biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. The untreated bioglass, bioglass kept in simulated body fluid (SBF), and modified bioglass were used in further evaluation. After confirmation of the surface modification with FT-IR analyses and SEM analyses, MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts adhesion on the surface was also revealed by SEM. The modified bioglass had significantly higher ALP activity in colorimetric measurement, rate of calcium accumulations in Alizarin red s staining, lower rate of cell death in Annexin-V/PI staining to determine apoptosis and necrosis. Having higher cell viability rate in MTT test and absence of genotoxicity in micronucleus test (OECD 487), the modified bioglass was further confirmed for biocompatibility in vitro. The results of the rat tibial defect model revealed that the all bioglass treatments had a significantly better bone healing score compared to the untreated negative control. However, the modified bioglass exhibited significantly better bone healing efforts especially during the first and the second months compared to the other bioglass treatment treatments. As a result, the amino acid surface modification of bioglasses improves the surface biocompatibility and osteogenic performance that makes the amino acid modified bioglass a better candidate for bone tissue engineering. Research Highlights Bioglass surface modification with amino acids contributes to bioglass-tissue interaction with an improved cell attachment. Modified bioglass increases in vitro Alp activity and calcium accumulation, and also positively affects cell behavior by supporting cell adaptation. Bioglass exerts osteogenic potential in vivo especially during early bone healing.Öğe Ankara keçilerinde propofol ve izofluran anestezisinin oksidatif stres üzerine etkileri(2011) Pekcan, Zeynep; Çınar, Miyase; Gürkan, Mehmet; Kumandaş, AliBu çalışma, Ankara keçilerinde propofol ve izofluran uygulamasının kan malondialdehit ve antioksidan düzeyleri üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirildi. Araştırma, vücut ağırlıkları 33.8-49 kg arasında değişen 7 adet klinik olarak sağlıklı, ergin, dişi Ankara keçisi üzerinde yürütüldü. Hayvanlara anestezi indüksiyonu için ortalama 6.561.42 mg/kg propofol bolus şeklinde intravenöz olarak uygulandıktan sonra 1 saat süre ile %1-3 konsantrasyonunda izofluran %100 oksijen ile birlikte verildi. Tüm hayvanlardan propofol uygulamasının öncesinde, indüksiyon sonrasında ve izofluran uygulamasından 15, 30, 60, 120 dakika ve 24 saat sonra kan örnekleri alındı. Alınan kan örneklerinin plazmalarında malondialdehit (MDA), vitamin A ve ?-karoten düzeyleri ile eritrositlerde süperoksid dismutaz (SOD) ve katalaz (CAT) aktiviteleri belirlendi. Propofol ve izofluran anestezisi yapılan keçilerde anestezi süresince ve sonrasında plazma MDA, vitamin A düzeylerinde ve eritrosit SOD, CAT aktivitelerinde istatistiksel olarak önemli bir değişiklik tespit edilmedi. Beta karoten düzeylerinde ise propofol uygulamasından sonra istatistiksel olarak önemli bir artış olduğu belirlendi (P0.05). Sonuç olarak, Ankara keçilerinde propofol ve izofluran anestezilerinin kan MDA ve ölçülen antioksidan parametre düzeyleri üzerine olumsuz bir etkisinin olmadığı tespit edildi.Öğe Ankara keçilerinde spontan ventilasyon esnasında sevofluran ile izofluranın kardiyovasküler ve kardiyopulmoner sistem üzerine etkilerinin karşılaştırılması(Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, 2011) Kumandaş, Ali; Elma, ErtuğrulBu çalışmada, Ankara keçilerinde propofol ile anestezi indüksiyonundan sonra uygulanan sevofluran ve izofluranın anestezik, kardiyovasküler ve kardiyopulmoner etkileri karşılaştırılarak, çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçların veteriner anesteziyoloji bilimine ve veteriner hekimliği pratiğine katkı sağlaması amaçlanmıştır.Çalışma materyalini oluşturan 7 adet Ankara keçisinin anamnez, fiziksel muayene ve tam kan analizi sonrasında sağlıklı olduğu belirlendi ve keçiler 15 gün arayla her iki çalışma grubunda da kullanıldı. İki grupta da anestezi indüksiyonu propofol ile sağlandıktan sonra, anestezi ilk grupta izofluran, diğer grupta sevofluranla sürdürüldü.Anestezi indüksiyonundan 18 saat öncesinde yemleri ve 2 saat öncesinden de suları hayvanların önünden alındı. Arteria auricularis medianus, sistolik, diastolik ve ortalama tansiyon ölçümleri için kateterize edildi. Hayvanlarda anestezi indüksiyonu için 4 mg/kg dozda propofol intravenöz olarak uygulandı. Entübasyon için yeterli derinlikte anestezi oluşmadığı tespit edilince ek doz yapıldı. Yeterli derinlikte anestezi sağlandıktan sonra oro-trakeal entübasyon yapılarak hayvanlara spontan ventilasyon ile çalışma grubuna göre ve anestezik madde olarak, ilk gruba izofluran (% 1-3), 2. gruba da sevofluran (% 2-4), 3 lt/dk olacak şekilde % 100 oksijen anestezik karışımı verildi. Bu arada belirli aralıklarla arterden alınan kandan kan gazı değerlerine bakıldı. Anestezi derinliği interdigital aralığın ve kuyruk ucunun Kocher forsepsi ile sıkıştırılmasıyla belirlendi. Yeterli derinlikte anestezi sağlandıktan sonra anestezi 1 saat süreyle aynı düzeyde sürdürüldü.Dört bacağa yerleştirilen elektrotlar ile elektrokardiyografik monitörizasyon yapıldı. Anestezi sırasında periferik kan oksijen saturasyonu, beden ısısı, inspirasyon ve ekspirasyon sırasındaki oksijen ve karbondioksit basınçlarına bakıldı. A. Auricularis medianus'a takılan kateterden invaziv kan basıncı ölçümleri yapıldı. İnhalasyon anestezisine son verildikten sonra hayvanların uyanma zamanı, yutkunma refleksinin gelme süresi, kafayı kaldırma süresi, sternum pozisyonu alma zamanı ve ayağa kalkma zamanı kaydedildi. Elde edilen veriler SPSS for windows 15.0 istatistik paket programı kullanılarak değerlendirildi.Ankara keçilerinde propofol ile yeterli derinlikte anestezi indüksiyonu için (ortalama±standart sapma) 6.5±1.4 mg/kg dozda propofol gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışmada arteriyel kan gazı değerleri açısından her iki anestezi grubu arasında önemli bir fark tespit edilmemiştir. Sevofluran grubunda kalp atım sayısının izofluran grubuna göre daha yüksek olduğu gözlenmiştir. Anestezi indüksiyon sonrası ve volatil anestezinin 15. dakika ölçümlerine kadar olan zaman dilimi içerisinde kalp atım sayısındaki değişiklikler her iki anestezi grubu için istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Sevofluranın izoflurana göre kan basıncı değerlerini daha az etkilediği sonucuna varılmıştır. Periferik oksijen saturasyonu ve end-tidal karbondioksit değerlerinin karşılaştırılmasında her iki anestezi grubu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Solunum sayısının sevofluran grubunda diğer gruba göre grafiksel olarak daha düşük seyrettiği gözlenmiştir. Ancak oluşan bu farkın istatistiksel bir önem arz etmediği belirlenmiştir. Nitekim anestezi gruplarının her ikisinde de hiperkapni gözlenmemiştir.Her iki anestezi grubu için vücut ısısı ile ilgili bulgular değerlendirildiğinde izofluran grubunda başlangıç değerlerine göre volatil anestezinin 5. 10. 30. ve 60. dakikalarında sevofluran grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ancak klinik olarak çok anlamlı olmayan düşüş olduğu belirlenmiştir.Sevofluran anestezisinden uyanmanın, izofluran anestezisine göre daha kısa sürede olduğu görülmüştür. Ayağa kalkma zamanı ise sevofluran grubunda izofluran grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir biçimde daha hızlı olmuştur.Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma ile Ankara keçilerinde propofol-sevofluran anestezisinin propofol-izofluran anestezisine göre kardiyovasküler sistemi daha az baskıladığı, aynı zamanda propofol-sevofluran anestezisinden uyanma ve ayağa kalkma süresinin daha kısa olduğu ortaya konularak rutin anestezi uygulamalarında rahatlıkla uygulanabileceği ortaya konulmuştur.Öğe Cardiovascular effects of thiopental-sevoflurane compared withthiopental-isoflurane in angora goats undergoing ovariectomy(2019) Karslı, Birkan; Yağcı, İlknur Pir; Kumandaş, Ali; Pekcan, Zeynep; Kalender, HakanAim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of inhalation anaesthetics on cardiovascular functions in 16 healthy female Angora goats undergoing ovariectomy. Material and Methods: Anaesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium then maintained with isoflurane or sevoflurane in oxygen. Cardiovascular parameters were measured before and at 0, 15th, 30th, 60th and 90th minutes after induction of anaesthesia. Recovery variables including time to extubation, first lift of the head, thoracic recumbency and standing up were also recorded. Results: The mean induction dose of thiopental was 18.23 ± 3.87 mg / kg. There were no significant differences between groups for heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), noninvasive blood pressure and body temperature measured prior to and under anaesthesia. All animals recovered uneventfully in both groups. Conclusion: There were no statistical differences between groups for their cardiovascular parameters and recovery times although the results of this study showed a rapid recovery time in each parameter for sevoflurane anaesthesia. On the basis of the results, sevoflurane and isoflurane are suitable inhalation anaesthetics in goats.Öğe Comparison of the algan hemostatic agent with celox in rat femoral artery bleeding model(2021) Bınnetoglu, Kenan; Kumandaş, Ali; Ekici, Hüsamettin; Özbaykuş, Abdullah Canberk; Tiryaki, MehmetThe most important reasons of deaths after a trauma are major vascular injury. The effective and speedy control of the hemorrhage is crucial in reducing such deaths. Although many products are being used for this topic, most effective products have not yet been developed currently, and there is an urgent need for effective hemostatic. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of Algan hemostatic agent (AHA) with Celox in femoral artery incision model in rats. A total of 28 wistar albino rats divided into 4 equal groups. Experimental femoral artery injury was inflicted. In the control group, saline impregnated gauze was employed. AHA impregnated sponge, AHA powder, and Celox in powder form were utilized in the experimental groups. According to the results, there was no difference in bleeding control between AHA and C (p>0.05). When compared to the control group, AHA and Celox were found to be very effective in bleeding control (p<0.001). This study showed that AHA had a similar effect like Celox in controlling bleeding. Considering other characteristics such as AHA's naturalness, easy applicability and low cost, AHA has given hope as an effective hemostatic agent.Öğe Comparison of the Algan Hemostatic Agent with Floseal in Rat Liver Laceration Bleeding Model(Aves, 2022) Binnetoğlu, Kenan; Kumandaş, Ali; Ekici, Hüsamettin; Özbaykuş, Abdullah CanberkObjective: Major vascular injury is one of the most important causes of death after trauma. 'The effective and speedy control of the hemorrhage is crucial in reducing deaths. Many products are used for this purpose. Today, however, an ideal product has not yet been produced and there is a strong demand for such effective hemostatic products. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of Algan hemostatic agent with Floseal in the liver laceration model in rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 28 rats were used in the study. Rats were divided into 4 groups, each consisting of 7 rats. Experimental liver laceration was established. In the control group. saline-impregnated gauze was applied. Algan hemostatic agent-impregnated sponge, Algan hemostatic agent powder, and Floseal gel were applied to the experimental groups. Results: There was no difference in bleeding control among the Algan hemostatic agent powder. Algan hemostatic agent-impregnated sponge, and Floseal. When compared to the control group, Algan hemostatic agent powder, Algan hemostatic agent-impregnated sponge, and Floseal were found to be very effective in bleeding control, respectively (P = .001, .012, and .002), in the experimental groups. Conclusion: This study showed that the properties of both Algan hemostatic agent powder and Algan hemostatic agent-impregnated sponge for controlling bleeding are similar to Floseal. Considering other characteristics such as Algan hemostatic agent's naturalness, easy applicability, and low cost, Algan hemostatic agent has been a promising effective hemostatic agent.Öğe Comparison of the effects of zinc-silver cream and Nigella sativa oil on wound healing and oxidative stress in the wound model in rats(2020) Kumandaş, Ali; Karslı, Birkan; Kürüm, Aytül; Çınar, Miyase; Elma, ErtuğrulThe present study was undertaken to evaluate of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) and zinc-silver cream in a rat model of wound healing by means of clinical appearance, histopathology, oxidative stress parameters, and biomechanical tests. The rats were divided into three groups, each having twenty animals. Group 1 served as a control having wound. Other two groups received either NS oil or zinc-silver cream in addition to the wound. The study was initiated after the animals rested for 2 weeks for acclimation. Blood samples were collected from 10 randomly selected animals from each group at days 0, 3, 7 and 14 for oxidative stress measurements. Differences among groups for blood lipid peroxidation and antioxidant values were determined with respect to biochemical oxidative stress results (P<0.01). Wound sites of 10 animals from each group were allocated for histopathological examinations, and those of the remaining 10 animals from each group were used in biomechanical testing. Histopathological examination revealed that epithelization occurred in all groups. Inflammatory response with an intensive vascularization was present in the samples of the silver group (P<0.01). Consequently, zinc-silver group has differed positively in terms of biochemical and biomechanical and histological aspects compared to other groups for wound healing and oxidative stress.Öğe Effectiveness of Algan Hemostatic Agent in Bleeding Control: An Experimental Kidney Incision Model(Galenos Yayincilik, 2021) Midi, Ahmet; Kumandaş, Ali; Ekici, Hüsamettin; Kılıç, Yusuf; Özgöçmen, RuchanAim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hemostatic efficacy of a novel plant originated blood stopper which is called Algan Hemostatic Agent (AHA) in uncontrolled kidney incision bleeding model. Methods: The study was conducted with thirty-two rats 5-7 weeks old. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, each consisting of eight rats (Group 1: heparinized saline, 2: heparinized AHA, 3: non-heparinized saline, 4: non-heparinized AHA). Experimental kidney incision was made, and saline soaked sponge was applied to the control group and AHA to the study group. Results: The duration of bleeding was significantly shorter in the AHA group compared to the control group. The AHA has controlled the bleeding in the heparinized and non-heparinized groups 5 +/- 1.19 and 3 +/- 0.91 seconds respectively (p<0.001). In the control group, hemorrhage was controlled in the heparinized and non-heparinized group 180.6 +/- 25.4 and 125.4 +/- 21 seconds respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the AHA is useful in controlling bleeding in the Rat kidney incision model.Öğe Evaluation of the effect of ozone therapy on the treatment of cutaneous wounds with tissue-loss in dogs and cats(2022) Aydın, Osman; Kumandaş, AliThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ozone treatments on the rapid and uncomplicated recovery of the wound or the shortening of the time of suture placement. This study was carried out on a total of 40 patients who were admitted to our surgery clinic with 20 cats and 20 dogs of different ages, races, and genders. These animals were divided into 4 groups. According to the statistics obtained; The patients in group 1 (ozonated oil) had the best reduction in wound size and clinical efficacy. This group was followed by group 3, which was supported by treatment with ozonated water. There was no statistically significant difference in both ozone bagging and control groups. As a result, it was observed that in addition to the treatment of skin wounds with tissue loss, ozonated oil or ozonated water accelerated healing by 50% on average.Öğe Evaluation of the treatment of traumatic coxofemoral luxations in dogs using toggle pin technique(2022) Karslı, Birkan; Kumandaş, Ali; Bakıcı, MerveThis study was performed on 11 dogs diagnosed with traumatic coxofemoral luxation. The direction of the luxations, the operation details, postoperative complications, and radiographic evaluation were recorded during the study. The study utilized the toggle pin technique, which provided open-reduction techniques for the treatment of coxofemoral luxations. Polyester multifilament braided sutures with commercial toggle pins were employed in three cases, whereas toggle pins obtained from Kirschner wire and monofilament nylon suture material were performed in eight patients. Clinical and radiographic monitoring of postoperative lameness, complications, pain, and infection were assessed and recorded for comparison. Postoperative reluxation was observed in two cases in which multifilament braided polyester suture material was performed without other complications. In the cases without reluxation, it was noted that the animals used their limbs comfortably on the 1st postoperative day, and their lameness scores were 0 on the 7th postoperative day. As a result of the findings, the toggle pin technique using monofilament nylon suture could effectively treat coxofemoral luxations in dogs.Öğe Incidence of Foot Diseases in Beef Cattle in Kirikkale Region(2023) Çoban, Coşkun Tuna; Kumandaş, AliOne of the significant economic losses in cattle farming is associated with hoof diseases. It has been scientifically proven that the incidence of hoof diseases increases in intensive farming operations. This study aims to investigate the incidence of hoof diseases in beef cattle in Kirikkale and its surrounding region. A total of 3047 head of beef cattle, representing different breeds and ages, were examined for hoof and claw deformities. The animals were examined for hoof diseases during specific months of the year by visiting the farms. The study revealed 53 animals with splayed hooves, 1 with an overgrown hoof, 1 with a separated hoof, 1 with a scissor-like hoof, and 1 with a double sole formation. As for hoof diseases, 2 animals had interdigital dermatitis, 8 had digital dermatitis, 10 had heel erosion, 21 had sole ulcers, 5 had interdigital phlegmon, 4 had white line disease, and various forms of laminitis were observed in 22 animals. Considering the barn flooring, management conditions, and intensive farm feeding, it was determined that barn hygiene and hoof care were inadequate. As a result, the impact of management factors specific to the farms, such as barn flooring and ration composition, varied depending on the breed's susceptibility or resistance. Based on the statistical data obtained in conjunction with these factors, the incidence of foot diseases in beef cattle in the Kirikkale region was determined to be 4.23%.Öğe Investigation of The Effectiveness of Plant Based Algan Hemostatic Agent in a Rat Model of Femoral Arterial Bleeding(Bezmialem Vakif Univ, 2022) Ekici, Hüsamettin; Kumandaş, Ali; Özbaykuş, Abdullah Canberk; Dizdaroglu, Hazal; Midi, Ahmet; Balik, Mehmet Sabri; Yesilada, ErdemObjective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the Algan Hemostatic Agent (AHA) available in three different physical form (liquid, powder and sponge absorbed) in the femoral artery incision model in rats. Methods: A total of sixty-four 5-7 weeks old rats were used in the study. Rats were randomly divided into 8 groups each consisting of eight rats (4 groups heparinized and 4 groups non-heparinized). An experimental femoral artery incision was created. As a control, physiological saline absorbed sponge was applied. AHA liquid, AHA powder and AHA sponge absorbed forms were applied to the experimental groups. Results: Upon application to the bleeding sites, all the AHA forms stopped bleeding in a significantly shorter time compared to the control group (p<0.05). In contrast, bleeding in control group could not be controlled within 4 minutes. The best result was in AHA powder form and it was able to control bleeding in the non-heparinized group at 87.5% in the first minute and 12.5% in the second minute. In the heparinize group, the AHA powder form was able to control the bleeding at 62.5% in the first minute and 37.5% in the second minute. Conclusion: This study shows that AHA is a highly effective and promising hemostatic agent in bleeding control.Öğe Investigation of the Efficacy of Algan Hemostatic Agent in Liver Laceration Model in Rats(2019) Midi, Ahmet; Kumandaş, Ali; Ekici, Hüsamettin; Bayraktar, Feyzanur; Karapirli, Kübra; Karahan, Siyami; Özyürek, H. EmelObjectives: Bleeding control is crucial in preventing negative consequences by reducing blood loss in surgical operations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hemostatic effect of a new herbal hemostatic agent called Algan Hemostatic Agent (AHA) in an uncontrolled bleeding model made by liver laceration.Methods: In these study 5–7 weeks-old 64 rats were used. Rats were randomly divided into 8 groups each consistingof eight rats (4 groups heparinize and 4 groups non-heparinize). The experimental liver laceration was performed, andphysiological serum impregnated gauze was applied to the control group for hemorrhage control, AHA liquid formimpregnated gauze, AHA gel, and AHA powder form were applied to experimental groups, respectively.Results: The shortest bleeding time was found in the AHA powder group. The AHA powder form stopped the bleedingin the heparinize group for a mean of 4 s, the non-heparinized group for 2 s. This was followed by the gel group and theliquid group. The bleeding time was significantly shorter in the all AHA group compared to the control group.Conclusion: This study showed that AHA is a highly effective hemostatic agent in controlling bleeding compared tothe control group.Öğe Kedilerde Üst Üriner Sistem Hastalıklarının Değerlendirilmesinde Doppler Ultrasonografinin Kullanılması(2023) Çamlı, Hikmet Elif; Kumandaş, AliDoppler ultrasonografi ile böbrek hastalığından şüphelenilen kedi ve köpeklerde olası böbrek hastalıklarının teşhisine yönelik çeşitli çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, kedilerde böbrek hastalıklarının erken tanısında Doppler ultrasonografinin kullanılabilirliğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Doppler ultrasonografi erken tanı için böbrek hastalığı olan hayvanların ayırt edilebilirliğini veya farklılıklarını belirlemek için kullanıldı. Üriner sistem rahatsızlığı olduğu belirlenen 10 adet kedi ve herhangi bir rahatsızlığı olmayan sağlıklı olduğu tespit edilen 11 adet kedi olmak üzere toplam 21 adet farklı ırklarda kedi çalışmaya dahil edildi. Tüm kedilerin her iki böbreği ultrasonografik olarak incelenerek Doppler yardımıyla Renal Pulsative index (RPI) ve Renal Resistive index (RRI) değerleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmaya dahil edilen hayvanlar sakin mizaçlı oldukları için sedasyona gerek kalmadan muayeneler yapıldı. Klinik muayenelerinin ardından alınan kan örnekleri hemogram ve biyokimyasal testlere tabi tutuldu. Daha sonra ultrasonografik olarak böbrekler değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada Doppler sonrası elde edilen veriler kayıt altına alınarak hastalık ilişkisi kurulmaya çalışılmıştır. Sağlıklı kedilerde, sağ böbrek ve sol böbrek arasında RRI açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yoktu. Sol böbrek için, RI, kronik böbrek ve akut böbrek hasarı olan hayvanlarda önemli ölçüde daha yüksekti (p<0.001). Kan biyokimya değerleri karşılaştırıldığında ise özellikle Kreatinin, BUN, ve BUN/CRE değerlerinin gruplar arasında anlamlı şekilde değişiklik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Her iki grupta da böbrekteki RI değeri üzerinde yaş veya cinsiyetin anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı gözlendi. Sonuç olarak böbrek hastalığı veya hasarı olan pet hayvanlarda RI değerleri değişkenlik gösterdiğinden taramalarda saptanan hem RI hem de PI değerlerinin erken dönemde değişikliklerin klinik olarak belirlenmesi ve akut böbrek yetmezliklerinde erken teşhis için faydalı olabileceği düşünülmüştür. Anahtar Kelimeler:Böbrek yetmezliği, Doppler ultrasonografi, Evcil kediler, Renal kan akımı. Using Doppler Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Upper Urinary System Diseases in Cats Doppler ultrasonography is carried out for the diagnosis of possible kidney diseases in cats and dogs suspected of kidney disease. This study, it is aimed to determine the usability of doppler ultrasonography in the early diagnosis of kidney diseases in cats. A total of 21 different breed cats, including 10 cats determined to be urinary system disease and 11 cats found to be healthy without any discomfort, were included in the study. Both kidneys of all cats were examined ultrasonographically and the values of renal pulsative index (RPI) and renal resistive index (RRI) values were tried to be determined with the help of doppler. Since the animals included in the study were calm temperaments, examinations were performed without sedation. Blood samples taken after clinical examinations were subjected to hemograms and biochemical tests. Later, the kidneys were evaluated ultrasonographically. In the study, the data obtained after Doppler was recorded and the disease relationship was tried to be established. In healthy cats, there was no statistically significant difference in RRI between the right kidney and the left kidney. For the left kidney, the RI was significantly higher in cats with chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury (p<0.001). When blood biochemistry values were compared, it was determined that especially creatinine (CRE), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), and BUN/CRE values differed significantly between the groups. It was observed that there was no significant effect of age or gender on the RI value in the kidney in both groups. As a result, since RI values vary in pet animals with kidney disease or damage, it is thought that it would be useful for the clinical determination of early changes of RRI and RPI detected in scans and for early diagnosis of acute kidney failure.
