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    Comparative chromosomal features and new karyological data in Salvia: B-chromosomes, polyploidy, dysploidy and symmetric karyotypes
    (Soc Botanica Sao Paulo, 2022) Martin, Esra; Celep, Ferhat; Eroglu, Halil Erhan
    The genus Salvia is characterized by such small chromosomes, which has so far restricted the cytogenetic studies. Therefore, karyomorphological aspects of the chromosome complement were rarely analyzed in the genus. The aim of this study was to report the interspecific relationships and new chromosomal data in Salvia. The chromosomal records of 25 taxa were herein provided, 8 of which were reported for the first time, 3 presented new chromosome numbers, and 14 agreed previous reports. In addition, a detailed chromosomal data of 16 taxa were provided. Eleven different chromosome numbers (2n = 12, 14, 16, 18, 22, 26, 28, 36, 38, 42, and 52) were found by the basic number of 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, and 13. S. candelabrum was the only taxon with B-chromosomes. Salvia algeriensis had different chromosome numbers with probably dysploidy mechanisms. The polyploidy was demonstrated by the prevalence of cells with 2n = 4x = 28, 36, and 52 (tetraploid) and 2n = 6x = 42 (hexaploid). No clear relationship was observed between basic numbers/ploidy level and subgenera. Salvia taxa had different karyotypes in terms of asymmetry degrees, which had relatively low asymmetry in nine taxa, average asymmetry in five taxa, higher intrachromosomal asymmetry in S. glutinosa, and higher interchromosomal asymmetry in S. interrupta. S. taraxacifolia, S. canescens, S. jurisicii, and S. nutans were cytotaxonomically very close species by basic numbers of x = 11 and 13. The possible ancestral number is x = 11. The results contributed to some missing parts in Salvia cytotaxonomy.
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    Taxonomy of origanum L. (Lamiaceae)
    (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2021) Dirmenci1, Tuncay; Arabaci, Turan; Özcan1, Taner; Drew, Bryan; Yazici, Türker; Martin, Esra; Celep, Ferhat
    Origanum (Subfamily Nepetoideae, tribe Mentheae, subtribe Menthinae) contains several species commonly used as spices, tea, and for medicinal purposes, and is one of the most commercially important genera within the family Lamiaceae. Origanum is found exclusively in the Northern Hemisphere of the Old World, with 90% of the taxa occurring in the Mediterranean region. Although members of the genus are predominantly distributed in the Mediterranean region, there are also species (e.g., O. vulgare s.l.) distributed from the Azores to Taiwan and throughout much of Eurasia. Diploid chromosome numbers have been reported as 2n = 28, 30 and 32, with the basic number x = 15. Hybridization is quite common (~52% of species) within Origanum, and can occur between individuals belonging to the same or different generic sections. Homoploid hybridization appears to be the primary ploidy mechanism within the genus. Here, we define Origanum as having 42 species (49 taxa) and 22 hybrids, and provide an updated sectional delimitation of the genus. In addition to providing taxonomic clarification, information including gross morphological characters, photographs and drawings, distribution, ecology, and cytology of the genus are also provided. © 2022 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.