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Öğe Anosmia and Hyposmia: Overview(Turkiye Klinikleri, 2024) Öztürk, Zeynel; Bayar Muluk, Nuray; Oğuz, Oğuzhan; Aynaci, Sevilay; Manole, Felicia; Cingi, CemalApproximately 95% to 99% of chemosensation is at-tributed to the sense of smell, whereas taste is responsible for the re-maining chemosensation. One who suffers from anosmia is unable to detect smells. In addition to being acquired or congenital, it can be ei-ther transitory or permanent. Disorders in olfaction can be brought on through pathologic conditions at any level through the olfactory path-way. These disturbances can occur at multiple levels. Conductive or sensorineural deficiencies are two categories that can be used to cate-gorize them. In diseases classed as conductive, also known as transport disorders, there is an interruption in transmitting an odorant stimulus to the olfactory neuroepithelium. Loss of sense of smell can be brought on by any mechanical obstruction that prevents scents from reaching the olfactory neurons. Several inflammatory processes can cause this ob-struction, including uncomplicated infections that result in mucus plugs or nasal polyps. Some neurological causes have the potential to cause the disease. The more central brain structures are affected by the pres-ence of sensorineural abnormalities. Tests of olfactory function have been created to give a valid measurement of olfactory dexterity. These smell tests examine the threshold of odor perception and odor identifi-cation. The butanol threshold test, the “University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT),” and the “Sniffin' Sticks” test are some of the tests included in this category. In this review, olfactory disorders are presented with a detailed literature survey. © 2024 Turkey Association of Society of Ear Nose Throat and Head Neck Surgery.Öğe Applied surgical methods and outcomes in crooked nose rhinoplasty(Verduci Publisher, 2023) Azizli, Elad; Oğuz, Oğuzhan; Muluk, Nuray Bayar; Sarı, Hüseyin; Dilber, Muhammet; Uyar, Yavuz; Cingi, CemalOBJECTIVE: In this retrospective and multicentric study, we investigated applied surgical methods in rhinoplasty for crooked nose deformity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The retrospective data for 300 crooked nose deformity cases (191 males and 109 females) were used in our study. Classification of the initial deformities was performed as (1) I-shaped crooked nose deformity, (2) C-shaped crooked nose deformity, (3) Reverse C-shaped crooked nose deformity, and (4) S-shaped crooked nose deformity. As an operation technique, L-strut septoplasty was performed. The applied surgical methods in rhinoplasty to correct the crooked nose are evaluated and classified. RESULTS: Our results showed that initial deformities in crooked nose patients were I-shaped crooked nose deformity (34%), C-shaped crooked nose deformity (28%), Reverse C-shaped crooked nose deformity (21.3%), and S-shaped crooked nose deformity (16.7%). L-strut septoplasty was performed, and the results of the applied methods to correct the crooked nose were evaluated and classified. It was noticed that more than one procedure was applied to each case: (1) double-side lateral osteotomy (86.6%), (2) wedge bone resection on one side of the osteotomy (7.3%), (3) single-side lateral osteotomy (6%), (4) symmetric spreader grafts (56%), (5) asymmetric spreader grafts (10.6%), (6) shaving of the transverse wing of dorsal septum (8%), (7) correction of deviated dorsal septum (16.3%), (8) displaced anterior nasal spine (12.6%), (9) clocking suture (dorsal septal rotation suture) (9%), (10) dorsal septal scoring and splinting graft (8.3%), and equalizing lateral cruses (12.6%). CONCLUSIONS: I-shaped and C-shaped crooked nose deformities were mainly detected in crooked nose deformity patients. Correcting the crooked nose, double- side lateral oste- otomy, and symmetric spreader grafts were the most applied techniques to correct the crooked nose. Other rhinoplasty techniques were also applied to these patients; more than one technique was needed.Öğe COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NASAL SUTURES FOR ENSURING THE CONTINUITY OF NASAL PROJECTION AND MAINTAINING NASAL PROJECTION(2023) Azizli, Elad; Oğuz, Oğuzhan; Muluk, Nuray Bayar; Dündar, Rıza; Cingi, CemalObjectives: In this retrospective study, four sutures frequently used for continuity of tip projection and arrangement of nasolabial angle were compared. Methods: A total of 400 patients who underwent rhinoplasty surgery with Tebbetts tip rotation suture, interdomal suture with cartilage strut, triple cartilage suture and tongue-in-groove suture between 2017 and 2022, completed a one-year postoperative period were included in the study. In 4 centers, four sutures frequently used for continuity of tip projection and arrangement of nasolabial angle were compared. The nasolabial angle and projection from the face were measured by using the lateral photographs taken before and one month, and one year after surgery. Nasolabial angle change between preoperative and postop first month; and postoperative first month-1st year were evaluated, and VAS for patient and surgeon satisfaction from rhinoplasty were evaluated. Results: Tebbett's Tip rotation suture, Interdomal suture with cartilage strut, and Triple cartilage suture's nasolabial angle change values were higher than Tongue-in-groove between preoperative period and postoperative first month; and at the first postoperative period (adjusted <0.0125). From the patients\" view, Group 1's patient satisfaction from the rhinoplasty results in VAS score was significantly higher than Group 4's. From the surgeons\" view, Group 1's surgeon satisfaction from the rhinoplasty results in VAS score was significantly higher than those of Group 2 and Group 4's surgeon satisfaction (adjusted <0.0125). Conclusion: It shows that continuity of tip projection was maintained by Tebbetts Tip rotation suture, interdomain suture with cartilage strut, and triple cartilage suture at one 1-year after the operation.Öğe Manifestations of Migraine in Otolaryngology: A Traditional Review(Turkiye Klinikleri, 2024) Oğuz, Oğuzhan; Bayar Muluk, Nuray; Öztürk, Zeynel; Aynaci, Sevilay; Prokopakis, Emmanuel; Cingi, CemalMigraines are recurring headaches that frequently occur with nausea and sensitivity to light. They can be easily diagnosed because they occur with headaches of varying severity and periods when the patient experiences no symptoms. It is stated that headaches are usually throbbing and relieved after sleeping. Rhinosinusitis-related headaches, the most frequently encountered by ear, nose, and throat (ENT) physicians, are generally more disturbing in the mornings due to stasis and being in a horizontal position at night. It is generally accepted that the leading cause of migraines is neuroinflammation of the trigemino-vascular system. The trigemino-vascular system contains peripheral trigeminal nerve endings that innervate the pia mater, dura mater, and cranial blood vessels, among other structures. Patients with suspected migraine may also present primarily with vestibular symptoms. It is expected to have an aura before attacks. However, at the first presentation, patients may also describe migraine without aura or migraine headache accompanied by photophobia and phonophobia. Given the enigmatic origins of both tinnitus and migraines, it is plausible that they have a common pathophysiology connected to the central nervous system. In particular, migraine-related tinnitus is caused by trigeminal nerve activation and is likely hypersensitivity of the cerebral cortex. Some symptoms that may be noticed include vertigo, tinnitus, impaired hearing, ataxia, and issues with vision in both eyes. With a comprehensive literature analysis, this study discusses the otolaryngologic features of migraines to update the general information, especially that of ENT specialists. © 2024 Turkey Association of Society of Ear Nose Throat and Head Neck Surgery. Production and hosting by Türkiye Klinikleri.
