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  • Küçük Resim
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    Biocontrol of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ready-to-eat salad using a lytic bacteriophage
    (Polish Soc Veterinary Sciences Editorial Office, 2017) Cufaoglu, Gizem; Onaran, Bahar; Ayaz, Naim Deniz; Goncuoglu, Muammer; Ormanci, Fatma Seda
    E. coli O157:H7 is a life threatening foodborne pathogen associated with thousands of infections. Controlling such bacterial pathogens in raw and ready-to-eat foods has gained urgency with each passing day. The use of specific virulent bacteriophages as a biocontrol agent on minimally processed foods is an effective, natural and non-destructive treatment. This study was aimed at determining the efficiency of a lytic bacteriophage against E. coli O157:H7 in ready-to-eat salads. For this purpose, E. coli O157:H7 NCTC 12900 (EC00) and nalidixic acid resistant E. coli O157:H7 ATCC 43895 (NA-EC95) were used as the model bacterium in decontamination trials of mayonnaise based ready-to-eat salads which are consumed without any heating process and include beans, carrots, potatoes, pickled cucumbers and salami. A previously described phage M8AEC16 which was classified in Myoviridae family was used as the biocontrol agent. The highest reductions were observed at 22 degrees C storage conditions. Reductions reaching up to 2.7 log cfu/g of viable E. coli O157:H7 counts were observed in the beginning of the storage period. The findings of the study showed that phage M8AEC16 can be used as a biocontrol agent in the decontamination of E. coli O157:H7 in such mayonnaise based ready-to-eat salads.
  • Küçük Resim
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    Comparison of microbial population of household and commercial kefirs in Ankara, Turkey
    (2017) Onaran, Bahar; Çufaoğlu, Gizem
    Kefir tanelerinde bulunan laktik asit bakterilerinin, asetik asit bakterilerinin ve mayaların kompleks simbiyotik metabolic aktiviteleri sonucu oluşan fermente bir süt ürünü olan kefir, Kafkaslar'da asırlar öncesinde keşfedilmiş olmasına rağmen, sağlığa olan katkılarından ötürü günümüzde de hala pek çok ulus tarafından tüketilmektedir. Kefirin kendine özgü asidik ve hafif alkolik lezzeti bakteri ve mayalardan ileri gelen bir takım Bu popülasyonun kompozisyonu kefirin kaynağına ya da geldiği ülke kökenine göre değişmektedir. Ayrıca kefir tanelerinin süte oranı, oranları, metodu, inkübasyon periyodu ve sıcaklığı, kefir tanelerinin küçültülmesi esnasında hijyen kurallarına uyulup uyulmadığı, tanelerin yıkanması, soğuk muhafaza gibi pek çok etken de mikrobiyal popülasyonu etkileyebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Ankara'da tüketilen ticari ve ev yapımı kefirlerin mikrobiyal amaçlanmıştır. Örnekler laktik asit bakterileri, laktokok, maya, enterokok, Enterobacteriaceae ve koliform bakteriler bakımından analiz edilmiştir. Laktik asit bakterileri ve mayalara oranla, ticari kefirlerin ev yapımı kefirlere göre daha fazla laktokok içerdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca ticari kefir örneklerinden birinde enterokok, bir ev yapımı kefir örneğinde ise koliform bakteri varlığı belirlenmiştir
  • Küçük Resim
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    Emerging details about COVID-19 and chronology of the pandemic in Turkey
    (2020) Göncüoğlu, Muammer; Cengiz, Görkem; Onaran, Bahar; Ayaz, Naim Deniz; Çufaoğlu, Gizem
    Coronaviruses are found in all mammalian and avian species. Due to its mild infection on upper respiratory tract, this virus was not considered as a serious human pathogen until the outbreaks of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in 2002 and 2012, respectively. Recently the third and the biggest outbreak of coronavirus “COVID-19” or “SARS-CoV-2” has erupted and the world is now in a struggle to combat this disease. Although everything has not yet been fully clarified about this new type of virus, the data obtained from the studies conducted so far provides guidance on how to deal with SARS-CoV-2. In this context, this review provides information about pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, presence in animals, potential transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the detection methods used in the world and Turkey.
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    Prevalence and Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Beef and Sheep Carcasses in Turkey with Characterization of Locally Isolated Listeriophages as a Control Measure
    (Int Assoc Food Protection, 2018) Ayaz, Naim Deniz; Onaran, Bahar; Cufaoglu, Gizem; Goncuoglu, Muammer; Ormanci, Fatma Seda; Erol, Irfan
    Swab samples from cattle and sheep carcasses (120 of each) were tested for Listeria monocytogenes, and 120 slaughterhouse wastewater samples were tested for listeriophages over 12 months (10 samples per month) to note the seasonal distribution. L. monocytogenes and bacteriophage isolates were characterized, and the biocontrol of L. monocytogenes was investigated in meatballs with a phage cocktail. L. monocytogenes was found in 3.4 and 2.5% of cattle and sheep carcasses, respectively. All the isolates were found to harbor hlyA, actA, inlA, inlB, inlC, inlJ, plcA, plcB, fbpA, and fri genes with varied mRNA expression levels by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR analysis. Five isolates did not harbor the vip gene. According to enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR, L. monocytogenes isolates were classified into four different groups based on their DNA patterns. The L. monocytogenes isolates were characterized for antibiotic susceptibility; one strain was found to be resistant to five different antibiotic classes. Of 11 lytic listeriophages, two were selected for the cocktail based on their DNA restriction profiles, efficiency of plating, transmission electron microscopy, and in vitro and in vivo analyses. In the biocontrol study, we used a food model that consisted of a novel bacteriophage cocktail in raw meatballs. The highest reduction of L. monocytogenes was recorded as 2.2 log CFU/g at a multiplicity of cellular infection of 4.7 at the end of 1 h. In conclusion, the new bacteriophage cocktail in this study can be considered an efficient biocontrol agent of L. monocytogenes in meatballs.