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    Cadmium Induced Changes on Growth Performance, Some Biochemical Parameters and Tissue in Broilers: Effects of Vitamin C and Vitamin E
    (Academic Journals Inc, 2011) Cinar, Miyase; Yigit, A. Arzu; Yalcinkaya, Ilkay; Oruc, Ertan; Duru, Ozkan; Arslan, Metin
    This study was performed to determine the effects of vitamin C (vit C) and vitamin E (vit E) on growth performance, some biochemical parameters and tissue changes in broiler chickens exposed to cadmium (Cd). One hundred twenty, 1-day-old, Ross broiler chicks were divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates and fed with a basal diet (control) or the basal diet supplemented with 60 mg kg(-1) Cd, 60 mg kg(-1) Cd+400 mg kg(-1) vit C, or 60 mg kg(-1) Cd+250 mg kg(-1) vit E for 42 days. Body weight (BW), Body Weight Gain (BWG) and Feed Consumption (FC) were recorded and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. Plasma were analysed for aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) activities and total protein, total cholesterol and creatinine levels. Cadmium significantly decreased the BW (p<0.001), BWG (p<0.001), FC (p<0.001) and FCR (p<0.05) compared with the control group. Regarding the same groups plasma and kidney Cd (p<0.001) and AST (p<0.05) and GGT activities (p<0.01) were increased. While growth performance were not affected in vit C and vit E supplementated group compared with the Cd-only group, these treatments reduced plasma Cd and GGT activities. Furthermore vit C was more effective in reducing Cd accumulation in kidneys and liver.
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    The Smooth Muscle Contractility In Aflatoxicated Broiler Chicken Ileum
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2013) Yildirim, Ebru; Aktuna, Zuhal; Yalcinkaya, Ilkay; Eraslan, Gokhan; Kanbur, Murat; Aydos, Tolga R.; Oruc, Ertan
    This study was conducted to investigate the contractility of aflatoxicated isolated broiler ileum smooth muscles. Fourty-eight, one-day old broiler chicks were divided into 4 groups, each containing 12 chicks. The 1st group was the control group, the 2nd group received 1 g/kg yeast glucomannan (Mycosorb), the 3rd group received 2 mg/kg aflatoxin, and the 4th group received 1 g/kg yeast glucomannan + 2 mg/kg aflatoxin in the feed. At the 21st day of the study, chicks were decapitated and the ileum isolated. Decapitation lasted on 28th day of the study. The isolated ileum strips were mounted under a basal tension of 1 g. The contractions of acetylcholine (ACh), nicotine, and bethanechol were calculated as g contraction/mg wet weight of ileum. For histopathologic examination, ileum sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and masson trichrome. The isolated ileum muscle contractions with ACh, nicotine, and bethanechol were not statistically significant in the study groups as compared to control group (P>0.05). Pathological examination revealed no histopathological changes in the smooth muscle tissues of the study group chicks when compared with control group. It is concluded that aflatoxins do not specifically change the contractility of broiler chick ileum to agonists most likely due to lack of aflatoxin-induced pathologic changes in the broiler chick ileum.