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    Effect of Cerium Oxide on Kidney and Lung Tissue in Rats with Testicular Torsion/Detorsion
    (Hindawi Ltd, 2022) Ozdemirkan, Aycan; Kurtipek, Ali Can; Kucuk, Aysegul; Ozdemir, Cagri; Yesil, Suleyman; Sezen, Saban Cem; Kavutcu, Mustafa
    Introduction. Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency that results in testicular ischemia as a result of rotation of the spermatic cord around itself. Oxidative damage occurs in the testis and distant organs with the overproduction of free radicals and overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines by reperfusion after surgery. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of cerium oxide (CeO2), an antioxidant nanoparticle, on lung and kidney tissues in testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D) in rats. Materials and Methods. After ethics committee approval, 24 rats were equally (randomly) divided into 4 groups. Left inguinoscrotal incision was performed in the control (C) group. In group CeO2, 0.5 mg/kg CeO2 was given intraperitoneally 30 minutes before inguinoscrotal incision. In group T/D, unilateral testicular T/D was achieved by performing an inguinoscrotal incision and rotating the left testis 720 degrees clockwise, remaining ischemic for 120 minutes, followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. In group CeO2-T/D, 0.5 mg/kg CeO2 was given intraperitoneally 30 minutes before testicular T/D. At the end of the experiment, lung and kidney tissues were removed for histopathological and biochemical examinations. Results. Glomerular vacuolization (GV), tubular dilatation (TD), tubular cell degeneration and necrosis (TCDN), leukocyte infiltration (LI), and tubular cell spillage (TCS) in renal tissue were significantly different between groups (p = 0.012, p = 0.049, p < 0.003, p = 0.046, and p = 0.049, respectively). GV and TCDN were significantly decreased in group CeO2-T/D compared to group T/D (p = 0.042 and p = 0.029, respectively). Lung tissue neutrophil infiltration, alveolar thickening, and total lung injury score (TLIS) were significantly different between groups (p = 0.006, p = 0.001, and p = 0.002, respectively). Neutrophil infiltration and TLIS were significantly decreased in group CeO2-T/D compared to group T/D (p = 0.013 and p = 0.033, respectively). Lung and kidney tissue oxidative stress parameters were significantly different between groups (p < 0.05). Renal tissue glutathione-stransferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and paraoxonase (PON) activities were significantly higher, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly lower in group CeO2-T/D than in group T/D (p = 0.049, p = 0.012, p < 0.001, and p = 0.004, respectively). GST and PON activities were higher, and MDA levels were lower in group CeO2-T/D than in group T/D in the lung tissue (p = 0.002, p < 0.001, and p = 0.008, respectively). Discussion. In our study, cerium oxide was shown to reduce histopathological and oxidative damage in the lung and kidney tissue in a rat testis torsion/detorsion model.
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    The Effect of Cerium Oxide on Lung Tissue in Lower Extremity Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Sevoflurane Administered Rats
    (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD, 2020) Tuncay, Aydin; Sivgin, Volkan; Ozdemirkan, Aycan; Sezen, Saban Cenn; Boyunaga, Hakan; Kucuk, Aysegul; Gunes, Sin
    Introduction: We aimed to investigate the effects of cerium oxide, applied before the sevoflurane anesthesia, on lung tissue in rats with lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Materials and Methods: A total of 30 rats were randomly divided into five groups as; control (C), IR, cerium oxide-IR (CO-IR), IR-sevoflurane (IRS), and cerium oxide-IR-sevoflurane (CO-IRS). In the CO-IR group, 30 minutes after the injection of cerium oxide (0.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p)), an atraumatic microvascular clamp was placed on the infrarenal abdominal aorta for 120 minutes. Then, the clamp was removed and reperfused for 120 minutes. Sevoflurane was applied in 100% oxygen at a rate of 2.3% at 4 L/min during IR. The blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis and the lung tissue samples were taken for histological analysis. Results: Neutrophil infiltration/aggregation was significantly higher in the IR group than in the C and CO-IRS groups. The alveolar wall thickness and total lung injury scores were significantly higher in the IR group than in the C, IRS, CO-IR and CO-IRS groups. Discussion: We determined that the administration of 0.5 mg/kg dose of cerium oxide with sevoflurane reduces the oxidative stress and corrects IR-related damage in lung tissue. Our results show that the administration of cerium oxide before IR and the administration of sevoflurane during IR have a protective effect in rats.
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    The effect of cerium oxide on erythrocyte deformability in ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats administered sevoflurane
    (Bayrakol Medical Publisher, 2022) Turicay, Aydin; Sivgin, Volkan; Comu, Faruk Metin; Kucuk, Aysegul; Ozdemirkan, Aycan; Gunes, Isin; Arslan, Mustafa
    Aim: Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a common problem in vascular surgery. Acute IR damage observed in the lower extremities, especially in aortic surgery, occurs following temporary cross-clamping of the abdominal aorta. Disruption in blood rheology disrupts microvascular blood flow, leading to exacerbation of microangiopathy. It is known that drugs used for anesthesia affect blood rheology, which is affected by many factors. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of cerium oxide on erythrocyte deformability before sevoflurane anesthesia in rats with lower extremity IR. Material and Methods: After approval by the ethics committee, 30 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. Control (group C), IR (group IR), IR-cerium oxide (group IRCO), IR-sevoflurane (group IRS), IR-cerium oxide-sevoflurane (group IRCOS). Infrarenal abdominal aorta and atraumatic microvascular clamp were placed in IR groups 30 minutes after intraperitoneal cerium oxide was administered at a dose of 0.5 mg / kg. One hundred and twenty minutes later, the clamp was removed and reperfused for 120 minutes. Sevoflurane was applied at a rate of 2.3% at 4 L/min and 100% oxygen during IR for the minimum alveolar concentration to be 1 for rats. All rats were administered intraperitoneal ketamine (100 mg/kg) and euthanasia was performed by taking blood from the abdominal aorta. Erythrocytes were obtained from heparinized whole blood samples. Deformability measurements were made in erythrocyte suspensions in phosphate-buffered saline. A constant flow filtrometer system was used for the measurement of erythrocyte deformability and relative resistance was calculated. Results: Erythrocyte deformability index was found to be significantly different between the groups (p=0.002). Compared to the control group, the erythrocyte deformability index was significantly higher in IR and IRS groups (p<0.0001, p=0.003, respectively). In the IRCO and IRCOS groups, the erythrocyte deformability index was found to decrease significantly compared to the IR group (p=0.008, p=0.025, respectively). The erythrocyte deformability index was similar in Group C and in the IRCO and IRCOS groups (p=0.453, p=0.120, respectively). Discussion: We determined that cerium oxide administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes before ischemia in rats corrects the erythrocyte deformability deteriorated in IR-generated rats. We also found that cerium oxide had beneficial effects by reversing undesirable effects of IR. Further studies with larger volumes are required to support our promising results
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    The effect of cerium oxide on lung injury following lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats under desflurane anesthesia
    (Saudi Med J, 2021) Ozdemirkan, Aycan; Kucuk, Aysegul; Gunes, Isin; Arslan, Mustafa; Tuncay, Aydin; Sivgin, Volkan; Sezen, Saban C.
    Objectives: To examine the effects of desflurane and cerium oxide (CO) on lung tissue following ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Methods: Experiments were conducted in Gazi University Animal Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey. Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups: control (C), IRI, IRI-CO, IRI-desflurane (IRID), IRI-CO-desflurane (IRICOD). Cerium oxide was given intraperitoneally. Lower extremity IRI was induced. Desflurane was applied during IRI. Lung histopathological examinations and serum biochemical analyses were performed. Results: Serum nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were higher in group IRI (p=0.006) than in group C (p=0.001). Serum MDA and NO levels were significantly lower in groups IRICO and IRICOD than in group IRI. Significantly greater alveolar wall thickening and neutrophil infiltration were recorded in group IRI than in group C. Co-administration of desflurane and CO significantly decreased alveolar wall thickening and neutrophil infiltration compared to group IRI. Total lung injury scores were significantly lower in groups IRID, IRICO, and IRICOD than in group IRI. Conclusion: Intraperitoneal CO with desflurane, reduced oxidative stress and corrected the damage in lung. Cerium oxide given before and desflurane given during IRI have been shown to have protective effects on lung damage in rats.