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    DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN PATIENTS WITH MIGRAINE AND TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE
    (Gazi Univ, Fac Med, 2005) Tan, Funda Uysal; Ozen, Nurper Erberk; Kazezoglu, Saziye; Kokoglu, Fatma; Boratay, Cumhur
    Purpose: The identifi cation of headache patients who are at risk for psychiatric comorbidity is an important quality of life and prognostic issue. The purpose of this study was to assess psychiatric comorbidity in TTH and migraine patients. Materials and Methods: The study group included 95 (75 female, 20 male) patients diagnosed with either migraine or TTH. All patients were requested to fi ll out a 44-item symptom list constructed according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for depression and anxiety disorders and to complete the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Spielberger State-trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). After that all patients were evaluated for the presence of psychiatric disorders according to DSM-IV criteria. Results: Fifty-one (53.7%) patients had migraine while 44 (46.3%) had TTH and their mean ages were 32.77 +/- 7.8 and 30.32 +/- 9.4 years, respectively (p=0.11). The overall intensity levels of symptoms related to depression and anxiety were similar in both migraine and TTH patients. However, reduced libido (p=0.02), slowness (p=0.04) and nausea (p=0.003) were more intense in migraine patients. The mean BDI, SAI and TAI scores were elevated to the pathologic range in both migraine and TTH patients despite the absence of a signifi cant difference between the groups. The incidences of depression, anxiety and depression+anxiety were 37.3%, 15.7% and 9.8%, respectively, in migraine patients and 43.2%, 9.1% and 6.8%, respectively, in TTH patients (p=0.92). Conclusion: Depression and anxiety disorders are common and generally similar in extent and distribution in migraine and TTH patients.
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    The effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism on the depression and anxiety levels
    (Cumhuriyet Univ Tip Fak Psikiyatri Anabilim Dali, 2009) Ozen, Nurper Erberk; Kocak, Orhan Murat; Dogru, Tolga; Sayin, D. Beyza
    Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion (I) and deletion (D) polymorphism and the levels of anxiety and depression. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, which included the cases who admitted a university hospital cardiology department with the complaint of chest pain without cardiac etiology. It is well known that there is a strong connection between the ACE and hypertension (HT) and coronary arterial diseases (CAH) among peripheral mechanisms. Hence, the subjects included the study were preferred that have no cardiovascular diseases at that time. In this way, it was aimed to conclude that ACE might have an effect on the levels of the anxiety and depression via possible central mechanisms. The study group, which was total 39 patients, was constituted that 26 female with the mean age 51.92 +/- 9.78 and 13 male with the mean age 49.77 +/- 10.01. Their first examination was carried out in cardiology department and performed the necessary techniques. Then the subjects were given the Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory in psychiatry department. Serum samples of the group were transferred to genetic laboratory. The statistical analyses were performed by SPSS 15.0 for Windows. MANOVA, Post Hoc Bonferroni Test, Kruskal Wallis Test and Fischer's Exact Test were used with a related manner. Results: It was found that DID polymorphism that is related with the high ACE activity has a significant association between I/I polymorphism that is related with the low ACE activity and D/I polymorphism that is related with the moderate ACE activity in terms of BDI scores (p=0.010 and p=0.030, respectively). On the other hand, in the BAI scores, DID polymorphism was seen to be a significant association only with I/I polymorphism (p=0.002). Conclusion: It is well established that the ACE gene D polymorphism could be associated with the essential hypertension in the human. In our study, significant relation with the D genotyping and the levels of depression and anxiety were observed in a group, which have no cardiovascular problem detected. It could be suggested that the effect of the ACE system on the arterial pressure may have a role in a different manner from the central mechanisms which may be related the anxiety and depression etiology. (Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2009; 10:181-186)
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    State and Trait Anxiety Levels of Adolescents in a Changing Society, Kirikkale City, Turkey
    (Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2012) Oguzturk, Omer; Bulbul, Selda Hizel; Ozen, Nurper Erberk; Ekici, Mehmet; Ornek, Kemal; Unlu, Erdal; Yuksel, Serhat
    Adolescents face rapidly changing challenges. Psychosocial health problems during adolescence are relatively common in all cultures. This study was designed to evaluate the state and trait anxiety status and influencing sociodemographic and other factors, thought to pertain to youth, on anxiety among school children in Kirikkale. It was carried out at three public primary and two high schools representative of two different socioeconomic statuses. 430 Turkish school children (246 girls, 184 boys) were asked voluntarily to answer a set of questionnaires in their classrooms at the beginning of a training programme. Then the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children was administered. Mean age of the students was 14.16 +/- A 1.87 years. The mean total STAI-CS and STAI-CT scores were 40.24 +/- A 11.64, and 44.71 +/- A 9.64, respectively. There were no differences in STAI-CS and STAI-CT scores between boys and girls in both schools and in all age groups. Among girls, a positive body image had a significant effect on state anxiety scores. There was a positive correlation between age and anxiety scores (r = .17, F:12.176, p < .001). Students identifying their families SES as bad and/or moderate scored significantly higher in comparison to the other groups (p < .05). STAI-CS scores were higher for lower educational grade, higher body weight and sleep problems. In Kirikkale, a city faced with substantial changes in cultural and traditional norms, adolescents could be expected to be under stress and appear to be responding to stress with anxiety.