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    Effects of incubator oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations on hatchability of fertile eggs, some blood parameters, and histopathological changes of broilers with different parental stock ages in high altitude
    (Elsevier, 2022) Okur, Nezih; Eratalar, Sabri Arda; Yigit, Ayse Arzu; Kutlu, Tuncer; Kabakci, Ruhi; Ozsoy, Sule Yurdagul
    The effects of incubator carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O-2) concentrations with parental stock age (PSA) on embryonic deaths (ED), hatchability of fertile eggs (HFE), some blood parameters, and the tissue development of broilers were investigated. Four consecutive repetitions following the similar materials and methods were carried. From 3 different aged ROSS 308 broiler parental flocks 7,680 hatching eggs were obtained and classified as young (Y; 29 wk), middle (M; 37 wk) and old (O; 55 wk) as regards PSA, and randomly distributed. Four different incubator ventilation programs (IVP) as control (C; 0.67% CO2 and 20.33% O-2), high CO2 (HC; 1.57% CO2 and 20.26% O-2), high O-2 (HO; 0.50% CO2 and 21.16% O-2), and high CO2 + O-2 (HCO; 1.17% CO2 21.03% O-2) were applied with oxygen concentrator, and ED and HFE were investigated. Lung and heart tissues, hemoglobin value, packed cell volume, and red blood cell count, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) values of the chicks were analyzed. It was found that IVP affected ED and HFE. Higher rate of early ED (EED) was obtained from the HC than HCO, and higher middle+late stage +pipped but unhatched ED (MLPED) with a lower rate of HFE was observed in the C group than HO and HCO (P < 0.05). Association was found between PSA and IVP (P < 0.05), being more evident in EED for young PSA, in MLPED with HFE for Y and O PSA. From hematological values, no statistical difference in RBC, PCV, and Hb values were found among the treatment groups, ACTH concentration known as a response to stress was found to be higher than C in all groups, triiodothyronine concentration was higher in the HO group than C. In the histopathological examination, used IVPs were found to have negative effects on the lung and heart such as vacuolization, hemorrhage in all PSA groups except for C. Conclusively, PSA and IVP affected some hatching, blood and tissue development parameters of the broiler chicks.
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    Immunohistochemical investigation of the damage to and repair of myelin, and astrocyte activity in small ruminants resulting from with natural meningoencephalitic listeriosis
    (Ankara Univ Press, 2018) Ozyildiz, Zafer; Dincel, Gungor Cagdas; Terzi, Osman Safa; Ozsoy, Sule Yurdagul; Kul, Oguz
    Meningoencephalitic listeriosis is a significant bacterial disease in various species. Common characteristics include microabscesses in the brainstem, midbrain and cerebellum. Many aspects of damage to the central nervous system caused by the disease remain obscure. We investigated central nervous system damage by assessing the presence of biomarkers such as galactocerebroside (GAL-C), glial fibrilary acidic protein (GFAP) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in brain tissues of sheep and goats of various ages, which naturally infected with listeriosis. We examined sections of pons, medulla oblongata, rostral colliculus, cerebellum, thalamus and cornu ammonis and found increased MBP (P < 0.01), GAL-C (P < 0.01) and GFAP (P < 0.01) expression. Ihis studv showed that myelin damage in meningoencephalitic listeriosis was an important neuropathological finding. The most prominent finding of this study is the beginning of the regeneration as soon as myelin damage occurs.