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    Immunohistochemical Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase Enzymes (iNOS, eNOS, nNOS) in the Estrual and Luteal Phases of the Sexual Cycle in the Cow Oviduct
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2013) Ozen, A.; Ergun, E.; Oztas, E.; Ergun, L.; Ozcan, Z.; Alabay, B.; Erdogan, E.
    This study was aimed to determine staining intensity, cellular localization and distribution of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes during the sexual cycle in the cow oviduct. Oviduct samples belonging to 20 cows, 10 of which were in the estrual phase and 10 in the luteal phase of the sexual cycle, were examined by an immunohistochemical procedure to determine the presence of the NOS enzymes. In the epithelial cells of the isthmus, endothelial NOS (eNOS) expression showed a strong positive reaction during the estrual phase and a weak positive reaction during the luteal phase in the endothelium and smooth muscle of the blood vessels found in the serosa and lamina propria. eNOS expression was not observed in the epithelium of either the ampulla or the fimbria in the two particular phases of the sexual cycle. The eNOS reactions observed in the blood vessel wall in these regions were stronger during the estrual phase. eNOS activity was not observed in the tunica muscularis in any of the regions of the oviduct. During the estrual phase, it was observed that inducible NOS expression showed a stronger positive reaction in the epithelium and muscle layer of the isthmus and ampulla and in the epithelium of the fimbria, compared to the luteal phase. Neuronal NOS immunoreactivity was observed in the epithelial cells of all oviduct regions and in the muscle layer of the isthmus and ampulla and did not display any significant difference between the estrual and luteal phases.
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    On demand pancreatic stenting in chronic pancreatitis might provide good palliation of pain
    (Univ Catholique Louvain-Ucl, 2019) Etik, D. O.; Parlak, E.; Oguz, D.; Oztas, E.; Kacar, S.; Onder, F. O.; Sahin, B.
    Background and aim : Chronic pancreatitis (CP)-related pain is a considerable problem in gastroenterology practice that frequently requires several endoscopic interventions. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of pancreatic duct stenting performed on demand, instead of at defined intervals, for the management of the CP-related pain. Methods : This study is a retrospective evaluation of thirteen years of data. Sixty-seven patients with CP who suffered from intractable pain were enrolled in the study. Pancreatic stenting was performed mainly with single stents according to the diameter of the pancreatic duct and width of the stricture or, less frequently, with multiple stents to achieve stricture resolution. The subsequent endoscopic session was scheduled based on the patient's symptoms. Results : Overall, 65 of 67 patients underwent successful pancreatic cannulation (technical success rate 97%). Fifty-seven patients with a pancreatic stenting history were still undergoing follow-up. Of these patients, 26 patients still had pancreatic ductal stents; however, the stents were removed from 31 patients. Only 8 patients (25%) required furtherendoscopic or surgical intervention because of the re-emergence of pain after a median stent-free period of 17 months (3-127 months). One patient with a biliary stricture and one patient with a pancreatic mass underwent surgery. Pancreatic stents remained for a median length of 14 months (3-84 months). During the follow-up period, 55 of 65 patients became pain-free or had partial pain relief (clinical success rate 84%). Conclusions : On demand replacement of pancreatic stent is feasible in patients with CP and it might provide a good palliation of CP-related pain.