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Öğe Differences in the Follicular Morphology of Young and Aged Bitches and Their Correlation with the Anti-Mullerian Hormone(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2016) Korkmaz, Omer; Korkmaz, Deniz; Polat, Ibrahim Mert; Yagci, Ilknur Pir; Pekcan, Mert; Emre, Birten; Zonturlu, Abuzer KafarThis study aimed to investigate the structural, morphological and cellular differences of follicles at different stages of follicular development as well as to determine the correlation of the ovarian follicle population with serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) levels in young and aged bithches. Sixteen bitches were divided into two groups according to their ages. Group A included young bitches aged 2 years (n=8) while Group B constituted of those aged 8 to 10 years (n=8). Diameters of the primordial, primary and preantral follicles were found to be significantly larger in Group B, in comparison to Group A. In Group A, the mean number of granulosa cells was 91.65 +/- 2.23 in the secondary follicles and 301.31 +/- 4.16 in the preantral follicles. In Group B, the same values were found to be 89.46 +/- 2.68 and 270.25 +/- 3.54, respectively. The mean serum AMH levels in Group A and Group B were 0.233 +/- 0.046 ng/mL and 0.099 +/- 0.008 ng/mL, respectively (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results indicated that the number of primordial and primary follicles as well as the numbers of granulosa cells in secondary and preantral follicles decreased with advanced age which resulted in lower serum AMH levels in aged bitches. The results suggested that the AMH, which is used as a fertility parameter in humans, could also be used for the same purpose in dogs.Öğe The Effects of Bisphenol A on in Vitro Cat Uterus Contractility(Wiley, 2018) Kabakci, Ruhi; Macun, Hasan Ceyhun; Polat, Ibrahim Mert; Yildirim, Ebru…Öğe Effects of Ovarian Pathologies and Uterine Inflammations on Adenomyosis in Bitches(Univ Fed Rio Grande Do Sul, 2018) Yazlik, Murat Onur; Tunc, Arda Selin; Colakoglu, Hatice Esra; Vural, Mehmet Rifat; Kuplulu, Sukru; Polat, Ibrahim Mert; Oz, BurcuBackground: Adenomyosis is a non-neoplastic condition, characterized by the presence of endometrial glands or cells in the myometrium. Adenomyosis is defined by post-operative microscopic examination of uterine tissue and a rarely seen infertility problem in bitches. The process of transformation of healthy uterus into adenomiotic uterus is still a mystery. We aimed to determine role of ovarian pathologies and uterine inflammations on pathogenesis of uterine adenomyosis in bitches. Cases: After ovariohysterectomy, the uteri were fixed and processed by routine methods. Sections were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin, Masson's trichrome and Periodic-Acid-Schiff and immunohistochemically; with p53 protein, Ki-67, -smooth-muscle actin, cytokeratin-CK 8, 14, 19 antibodies, estrogen and progesterone receptors by Avidin-Biotin-Complex-Peroxidase method. Histopathologically, 7 of the collected tissue samples (n = 38) were diagnosed as adenomyosis. There were unilateral (n = 6) or bilateral (n = 1) adenomyosis in which endometrial glands had broken through the myometrium, and in some cases there were fibromyoma, inflammation, papillary hypeiplasia and cysts in glands. Vaginal fibroma, fibromyoma and benign mix tumor (n = 1), simple carcinoma (n = 3), carcinosarcoma (n = 3) in mammary gland were determinated histopathologically. In addition to these findings, follicular cysts (n = 4), parovarian cyst (n = 1), adenocarcinoma and Rete ovarii adenoma were diagnosed in some ovaries. The CK 19 was scored at cndomctrial glands (n = 2) positively and also, muscle fibers were stained positively with -smooth-muscle actin antibody (n = 7). Discussion: Adenomyosis is an infertility problem in adult dogs and is hard to detect with routine gynecological examinations. Adenomyosis can be seen unaccompanied by other gynecological problems such as endometritis or leiomyomas, while mammary tumors with adenomyosis have been previously reported in women and in only one case of a bitch. Little is known of the interrelationships between gross pathological and endocrine features of ovarian cysts in bitches. Due to the local hormonal imbalance, most of these ovarian tumors and cystic structures might be accompanied with uterine-vaginal and mammary gland pathologies, cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra, adenomyosis, vaginal fibroma and mammary tumors. The hyperestrogenic metabolic state may promote both the invagination process and the overall spreading of adenomyosis into the myometrium. Adenomyosis is often associated with polyps, anovulation, hyperplasia without cytological atypia, and uterine leiomyoma which are produced by hyperestrogenic states. Prolactin appears to induce adenomyosis in mice and hyperprolactinemia may cause myometrial degeneration/weakness and subsequent endometrial invasion in the presence of ovarian steroids in women. Premature decline in progesterone, a problem ensues with prolactin release which can promote hyperprolactinemia or endogenous prolactin release. In addition to hormonal problems, uterine infections, immune factors and their products like cytokines and inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress and free radical metabolism also might have roles in the occurrence of adenomyosis. In the present study, four of seven adenomyotic uterine tissues had inflammation and 3 of 7 cases had pre-inflammatory changes. Changes in uterine tissues may increase cell infiltration and proliferation as well as the activity of immune cells which may promote development of adenomyosis in bitches. It is therefore possible that a defect in the p53 tumor suppressor gene may play an important role in the de novo neoplastic transformation of adenomyosis. In conclusion, adenomyosis can be observed bilaterally or unilaterally in dogs. Tissue damage tinder the influence of inflammation or hormonal disturbances might have a role in the occurrence of uterine adenomyosis.Öğe Evaluation of the Effect of Different Doses of Butaphosphan and Cyanocobalamin Combination in Dairy Cattle with Subclinical Ketosis(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2017) Sahal, Mehmet; Deniz, Abdulkerim; Vural, Rifat; Kuplulu, Sukru; Polat, Ibrahim Mert; Colakoglu, Ekrem Cagatay; Ocak, MarionThis study was conducted to assess the effects of different doses of butaphosphan-cyanocobalamin combination onbody condition score (BCS), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and reproductive parameters in cows with subclinical ketosis (SCK). Holstein-Friesen cows (n=544) were checked for BHBA concentration. Cows with SCK (n=53, BHBA ranging from 1.00 to 3.00 mmol/L) were assigned randomly to receive saline (C0, n= 18), 5 mL/100 kg BW (C5, n=18) or 10 mL/100 kg BW (C10, n=17) butaphosphan-cyanocobalamin combination. BHBA concentration was measured on d 0, 10, and 18 relative to treatment application. BCS was evaluated weekly until d 60 postpartum. For reproductive parameters cows were monitored until d 150 postpartum. The median reduction in blood BHBA concentrations was 28, 57, and 75% for C0, C5, and C10, respectively. NEFA and total bilirubin concentrations were significantly decreased in C10 group. The relative median change in BCS as compared to baseline was 17, 12, and 6% for C0, C5, and C10, respectively. Between d 15 and 25 postpartum uterine involution was completed in 44, 83, and 88% of cows in groups C0, C5, and C10, respectively. Interval from calving to first insemination in group C10 was shorter than control group. Overall pregnancy rate was not different among groups. In conclusion butaphosphan-cyanocobalamin combination decreased severity of hyperketonemia, stimulated uterine involution, shortened time to first insemination and increased pregnancy rate.Öğe In vitro exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) stimulates spontaneous feline uterine contractions(SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY-TUBITAK, 2020) Kabakci, Ruhi; Macun, Hasan Ceyhun; Yildirim, Ebru; Polat, Ibrahim Mert; Elifoglu, Taha BurakDi-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is widely used as a plasticizer in various products such as PVC-derived plastics, toys, packaging materials, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. This study aimed to investigate the effect of DEHP on spontaneous contractions of the feline uterus in vitro. Tubal 1-cm uterine samples prepared from 10, 9, and 12 uteri obtained from adult cats in estrus (n = 5), diestrus (n = 5), and interestrus (n = 5), respectively, after ovariohysterectomy were suspended in an isolated organ bath in aerated Krebs solution at 39 +/- 1 degrees C, and an initial 1 g tension was given. After 1 h equilibration of tissues, the spontaneous contractions were recorded for 10 min as control. The effects of solvent and DEHP (0.001-100 mu M) on contractions were then evaluated in terms of frequency and mean amplitude parameters. It was observed that DEHP had no effect on uterine contractions of cats in interestrus. However, DEHP significantly increased the mean amplitude of uterine contractions during the estrus and diestrus periods at concentrations of 1 mu M and 10 mu M, respectively, depending on the dose (P < 0.05). Decreases in the frequency of the contractions in the estrus and diestrus periods were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). 'this study, carried out for the first time in cats, showed that DEHP has a stimulatory effect on uterine contractions. We concluded that disruption of the uterine contractions, which are essential for physiological reproductive processes such as regular estrous cycles, sperm and zygote transport, implantation and continuation of pregnancy, by DEHP exposure may cause many reproductive problems.Öğe Inhibitory effect of Bisphenol A on in vitro feline uterine contractions(Elsevier Science Bv, 2019) Kabakci, Ruhi; Macun, Hasan Ceyhun; Polat, Ibrahim Mert; Yildirim, EbruBisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental pollutant used as a plasticizer in the manufacture of many plastic products, such as packaging, containers, and water and beverage bottles. There are deleterious effects of BPA on metabolic, endocrine, nervous, and reproductive systems. This is the first study in which there was investigation of the in vitro effect of BPA on the spontaneous contractions of the cat uterus. The tubal uterine segments (1 cm) collected from queens in estrus were suspended in an isolated organ bath. Following tissue stabilization, spontaneous contractions were recorded for 10 min to constitute the control group. The effects of the solvent (alcohol) and BPA at different concentrations (1, 10, and 100 mu M) on uterine contractions were subsequently evaluated at 10 min intervals in terms of frequency and mean amplitude variables. The ethanol vehicle did not alter the uterine contractions compared to the control group. All concentrations of BPA used in the study resulted in a reduction (P < 0.05) in amplitude of uterine contractions in a dose-dependent manner, while only the largest dose of BPA decreased the frequency of contractions (P < 0.05). In reproductive physiology, regular uterine contractions facilitate successful fertilization, migration, implantation, and maintenance of pregnancy, as well as fetus expulsion. The results of this study indicate BPA has an inhibitory effect on spontaneous contractions of the cat uterus. It is proposed that this suppressive effect of BPA on uterine contractions might lead to queen infertility.Öğe Investigation of serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels at follicular phase and interestrus period in queens(Ankara Univ, 2024) Pir Yagci, Ilknur; Seven, Goekberk; Elifoglu, Taha Burak; Polat, Ibrahim Mert; Pekcan, MertThe objectives of this study were: i) to report overall mean AMH serum concentrations in queens, ii) to determine relationship between serum AMH concentration with estradiol level, iii) to investigate the relationship between serum AMH with follicular phase and interestrus phase of the estrous cycle, iv) to discuss the usability of AMH as a biomarker to diagnosis of ovarian remnant syndrome in breeding season in queens. In the study, 64 healthy queens referred to clinics for routine ovariohysterectomy were used. After anamnesis, vaginal cytology, macroscopic examination of the uterus and ovaries and estradiol measurement, queens were divided into two groups: follicular phase (n: 45) and interestrus (n: 19). Estradiol and AMH levels in serum samples were determined by ELISA. In the evaluation of serum AMH concentrations, a statistical difference was determined between the follicular phase and interestrus (P<0.05). A negative correlation was found between age and estradiol in both follicular phase (r = -0.171) and interestrus (r = -0.385) groups. A positive correlation was found between age and AMH in the interestrus (P<0.01, r = 0.696). Serum AMH levels in the interestrus were found to be significantly higher than follicular phase (P<0.05). It was thought that this increase in serum AMH levels during the interestrus period, which is the stage where oocytes were selected for ovulation, may be an indicator of the role of AMH in oocyte selection in queens, as in many other mammalian species.
