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Öğe Multi-morbidities of allergic rhinitis in adults: European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Task Force Report(Biomed Central Ltd, 2017) Cingi, C.; Gevaert, P.; Moesges, R.; Rondon, C.; Hox, V.; Rudenko, M.; Bousquet, J.This report has been prepared by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Task Force on Allergic Rhinitis (AR) comorbidities. The aim of this multidisciplinary European consensus document is to highlight the role of multimorbidities in the definition, classification, mechanisms, recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of AR, and to define the needs in this neglected area by a literature review. AR is a systemic allergic disease and is generally associated with numerous multi-morbid disorders, including asthma, eczema, food allergies, eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE), conjunctivitis, chronic middle ear effusions, rhinosinusitis, adenoid hypertrophy, olfaction disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, disordered sleep and consequent behavioural and educational effects. This report provides up-to-date usable information to: (1) improve the knowledge and skills of allergists, so as to ultimately improve the overall quality of patient care; (2) to increase interest in this area; and (3) to present a unique contribution to the field of upper inflammatory disease.Öğe Single, pauci, and multi-allergen immunotherapy(Royal Belgian Soc Ear, Nose, Throat, Head & Neck Surgery, 2018) Cingi, C.; Wise, S. K.; Lin, S. Y.; Muluk, N. Bayar; Franzeses, C. B.; Rudenko, M.; Scadding, G. K.Single, pauci, and multi-allergen immunotherapy. Objectives: This paper's aim is to review single, pauci, and multi-allergen immunotherapy. Methods: Search is made through PubMed, Google, Google Scholar and Proquest Central database of the Kirikkale University Library. Results: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) modifies the immune response to a specific allergen. AIT has been used to treat allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic asthma and also insect venom allergy. Immunotherapy can be administered subcutaneously (SCIT) or sublingually (SLIT). Patients may be mono-, pauci-, or polysensitized to allergens. Polysensitization is more common and usually increases with age. AIT is maximally effective when one or two allergens are used. There is a similar effect in both mono and polysensitized patients. However, in polysensitized patients, immunotherapy with multiple allergens is less effective compared with desensitization treatment in monosensitized patients using one allergen. This may relate to dose, or to the fact that polysensitization might merely reflect cross-reactivity to one or two major causative allergens. Conclusion: We suggest that in polyallergy, where symptoms of rhinitis or asthma, are related to the exposure of multiple allergens; would be a better subject for multiple allergen desensitizations than polysensitization. This need is to explore in well-designed experiments.