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    Is there a Relationship Between Keros Classification of Olfactory Fossae Depth, Septal Deviation Angle and the Distance Between Infraorbital Foramens?
    (Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2018) Inal, Mikail; Muluk, Nuray Bayar; Arikan, Osman Kursat; Sahin, Safa
    Objectives: We retrospectively investigated the relationship between olfactory fossae depth, septal deviation angle, paranasal sinuses and the distance between infraorbital foramens (IOFs). Methods: Computerized Tomography (CT) images of 315 adult subjects were used. Paranasal sinus dimensions; Keros classification of olfactory fossae, length of Crista Galli (CG), the distance between IOFs (ZP), The distance between inferior part of crista galli and basal-inferior part of the nasal septum at the midline (CG-Sbasal) (XY), ZP/XY ratio, septal deviation side and angle were measured. Results: Keros type I was detected in males (50.3%) and Keros type II was detected in females (59.5%) mainly. In females, Keros type was highly related to the males. Both right-deviated and left deviated subjects, Keros type II (49.7% and 54.3% respectively) was the most detected Keros-type for olfactory fossae. Higher ethmoid sinus-height, maxillary sinus-width; and lower maxillary sinus-height values were related to higher Keros types. As IOFs (ZP) distance increased, Keros type also increased. Conclusion: When Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS) is performed in patients having nasal septal deviation, surgeons should be careful for Keros type II olfactory fossae to avoid intracranial penetration. If possible, navigation systems should be used in these patients.
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    Is There a Relationship Between Optic Canal, Foramen Rotundum, and Vidian Canal?
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015) Inal, Mikail; Muluk, Nuray Bayar; Arikan, Osman Kursat; Sahin, Safa
    Objectives: In this retrospective study, we investigated the relationship between paranasal sinus, optic canal, foramen rotundum, and vidian canal measurements. Methods: Computed tomographic (CT) images of 320 adult subjects and 640 sides (right and left) were used. Paranasal sinus dimensions, optic canal (OC), foramen rotundum (FR), vidian canal (VC), bilateral FR (FRFR), bilateral vidian canal (VCVC), VC-foramen rotundum (VCFR), and VC-optic canal (VCOC) distances were measured. Results: Right VCFR (6.06 mm), and right and left VCOC values (20.34 and 20.31 mm) of the males were significantly higher than those of the females (5.50, 18.91, and 18.80 mm, respectively). Foramen rotundum, OC, and VC values were positively correlated with each other. There was also positive correlation between FR width and maxillary sinus height. Increase of OC width was related to increase in FR width and area, VCVC distance; and decrease in maxillary sinus width. There was positive correlation between FRFR, VCVC, VCFR, and VCOC distance values. There was negative correlation between VC width and area; VCVC, VCFR, and VCOC distance; and maxillary sinus, ethmoid sinus, and sphenoid sinus measurement values. As these sinuses pneumatized more, VC width and area values decreased. Conclusion: As a conclusion, the paranasal sinus, OC, VC, and FR values showed relationship with each other. Before performing craniofacial and/or skull base surgeries, CT view should be taken to evaluate the localization and the course and dimensions of the OC and vidian nerve. It should be kept in mind that in the presence of more pneumatized paranasal sinuses in CT views, VC dimensions decreased.
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    Nutcracker Syndrome Accompanying Pelvic Congestion Syndrome; Color Doppler Sonography and Multislice CT Findings: A Case Report
    (Kowsar Publ, 2014) Inal, Mikail; Bilgili, Mihrace Yasemin Karadeniz; Sahin, Safa
    Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is a rare pathology, caused by compression of the left renal vein (LRV) between the abdominal aorta (AA) and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), due to reduction of the angle between AA and SMA. This leads to LRV varices, left gonadal vein varices and therefore, the pelvic congestion syndrome. For this reason, coexistence of NCS and pelvic congestion syndrome has been described. It manifests by hematuria, proteinuria, and nonspecific pelvic pain secondary to pelvic congestion, dyspareunia and persistent genital arousal We report a 27-year-old woman who experienced hematuria and left flank pain. The diagnosis of NCS accompanied by pelvic congestion syndrome was missed initially but later on the diagnosis was made by color Doppler ultrasound, abdominal computed tomography (CT) and CT angiography that were later performed. She refused interventional and surgical treatments, and was lost to follow up.

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