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    Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Respiratory Muscle Strength, Trunk Control, Balance and Functional Capacity in Stroke Patients: A single-blinded randomized controlled study
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Aydogan Arslan, Saniye; Ugurlu, Kubra; Sakizli Erdal, Elif; Keskin, Esra Dilek; Demirguc, Arzu
    Objective: Aim of the study was to examine the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on respiratory function, respiratory muscle strength, trunk control, balance, and functional capacity in stroke patients. Methods: 21 stroke individuals were randomly divided into two groups as control group and treatment group. Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) and Maximal Expiratory Pressure (MEP) were evaluated. Also, Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) were performed. Neurodevelopmental treatment program was performed in both groups for 5 days a week for 6 weeks, and IMT was given to the treatment group. IMT was started from 40% of MIP. Results: After treatment, respiratory functions, respiratory muscle strength, and trunk control and balance improved in the treatment group. In the control group; however, only the balance level was improved. When the changes in the evaluation parameters between the groups were compared, there were only statistically significant differences in the TIS, PEF and MIP in the treatment group (p<0.05), the change amounts in other evaluation parameters were similar (p>0.05). When the effect size of the groups was compared, the effect size of the variables in the treatment group was found to be higher. Conclusions: As a conclusion, the IMT, which was given in addition to the neurological physiotherapy and rehabilitation program to our patients, improved inspiratory muscle strength and trunk control. We believe that this result will raise awareness for physiotherapists working in the field of neurological rehabilitation about including respiratory muscle training in the rehabilitation program of stroke patients.
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    The profile beyond leg pain: In basis of central sensitization, kinesiophobia, and body awareness in patients with chronic venous disease
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2024) Bazancir-Apaydin, Zilan; Sakizli Erdal, Elif; Keser, Ilke; Erer, Dilek
    Objective: Leg pain has long been underestimated despite being one of the most important symptoms of chronic venous disease (CVD). Studies investigating leg pain and psychosocial profile in CVD are limited. The study aimed to investigate leg pain, central sensitization, kinesiophobia, and body awareness in patients with CVD. Methods: The ninety-eight patients (80 female, 18 male) diagnosed with CVD were included in the study. The severity of leg pain was evaluated with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The patients were assessed with the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI-A and B) for central sensitization-related symptoms and -positivity, the Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ) for body awareness, and the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale (TKS) for kinesiophobia. The cut-off score was admitted as 41 for TKS. Results: The leg pain (mean (SD) = 4.3 +/- 2) and body awareness (mean (SD) = 82.4 +/- 22) were moderate levels in patients with CVD. Nearly half of the patients (n = 46, 46.9%) had both central sensitization positivity and elevated kinesiophobia (n = 46, 47%). The CSI was correlated with the VAS (r = 0.32, p = .001), TKS (r = 0.40, p < .001), and BAQ (r = 0.20, p = .048). Significant correlations were determined between Body Mass Index and TKS (r = 0.48, p < .001) and BAQ (r = -0.31, p = .002). Also, the patients with a TKS score >= 41-points had higher CSI-A scores (p = .002) than those with a TKS score< 41. Conclusions: Leg pain, central sensitization, and kinesiophobia are commonly seen in patients with CVD, and central sensitization seems to have a negative effect on leg pain, kinesiophobia, and body awareness. The profile beyond pain should be evaluated in detail, and various rehabilitation strategies need to be developed to manage central sensitization, interoception, kinesiophobia, and weight control in patients with CVD.