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    An Evaluation of the Market Strategies and Decisions of the Contracted Broiler Enterprises in Bolu, Sakarya and Ankara via Analytical Hierarchy Process
    (Gorgan Univ Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, 2021) Tuncel, Seyfettin; Eren, Tamer; Gur, Seyda; Sen, Gokhan; Sipahi, Cevat
    This study was performed to evaluate the decisions of the contracted broiler enterprises for the integrated company selection in terms of 5 criteria (C1: Stability, C2: Crisis management, C3: Profitability C4: Flexibility, C5: Supply). In this study, 68 enterprises were selected with stratified random sampling among the broiler enterprises, operating in Sakarya (12.0%), Bolu (11.0%) and Ankara (3.2%) those constitute 24.2% of contracted broiler enterprises in Turkey in 2017. The research was conducted with two large scales (A and B) and two small scales (C and D) integrated companies in the broiler sector, where broiler enterprises produce under a contract. According to these 5 criteria, the optimum selection of integrated companies of broiler enterprises among A, B, C, and D was analyzed using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). As a result of the analysis, the importance level of C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5 criteria among 5 criteria was found strategically significant at 46.0%, 20.0%, 18.0%, 10.0% and 6.0%, respectively. Thus, Cl criterion was determined as the most dominant criterion. The selection weights of integrated companies A, B, C, and D were 34.5%, 36.7%, 12.6% and 17.1%, respectively. This result shows that working with large-scale A and B integrated companies is strategically advantageous for broiler enterprises.
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    Effect of kefir consumption on intestinal microbiota and some blood parameters in Angora cats
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Kabakci, Ruhi; Cufaoglu, Gizem; Sen, Gokhan
    Probiotics are one of the best alternatives to improve gut health. Kefir, which was discovered in the North Caucasus centuries ago, is still consumed frequently today due to its health benefits. Its impacts on the gastrointestinal system have begun to be investigated in animals. In this study, we focused to examine the effect of kefir on intestinal microbiota, some hematological parameters, and fecal quality in Angora cats to provide preliminary data regarding the hypothesis of its use as an alternative probiotic food supplement. Commercial kefir was given orally (30 mL/kg) to seven healthy Angora cats for 14 days. On day 0 and day 14, fresh feces and blood of the cats were collected. The results showed that two-week kefir consumption significantly increased the number of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, lactococci, lactobacilli, and yeast in the gut microbiota (p < 0.05). Also, a significant decrease was recorded in the number of enterococci (p 0.05). Measured hematological parameters (WBC, RBC, HGB, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PLT) were not affected during the experiment (p 0.05). Additionally, no significant changes were recorded in the body weights, body condition scores, fecal scores, and fecal water contents (p 0.05). Daily kefir consumption positively altered the intestinal microbiota of Angora cats by increasing the total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, lactococci, lactobacilli, and yeast. Moreover, no detrimental effect was observed in the blood parameters, body condition scores, and fecal quality. Therefore, it could be suggested that including kefir in Angora cats??? daily diets can improve their health conditions.
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    Effects of High-Fructose Corn Syrup Addition to Broiler Diets on Performance, Carcass Yield, Visceral Weights, Gut pH and Some Blood Parameters
    (Wiley, 2024) Sen, Gokhan; Demirci, Mehmet; Evci, Sevket; Senol, Ali; Karsli, Mehmet Akif
    Background: This study hypothesizes that using different amounts of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) in broiler diets may improve performance. ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the effects of HFCS added to broiler diets on performance, cecum pH and some biochemical parameters. Methods: A total of 120 Ross 308 chicks at the age of 0 day were divided into three main groups with four subgroups each. The groups consisted of a control (CON), low-HFCS and high-HFCS groups. The CON group received a diet containing no HFCS, the low-HFCS diet contained 50 mg/kg HFCS, and the high-HFCS diet contained 100 mg/kg HFCS. Body weight gain, feed consumption, carcass weight, visceral weight and cecum pH values were examined as performance parameters. Blood samples were taken at the end of the experiment and used to spectrophotometrically determine triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-CHO), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-CHO), glucose (GLU), creatinine (CRE), uric acid and insulin concentrations, as well as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities and oxidative stress markers. Proinflammatory cytokine levels were measured using ELISA test kits. Results: Feed consumption and body weight gain of the high-HFCS group decreased (p < 0.01). The feed conversion rate was negatively affected in both HFCS groups compared to the CON group (p < 0.01). The carcass yields of the groups linearly decreased with the increase of HFCS (p < 0.001). Serum LDL cholesterol (p < 0.05) and GLU (p < 0.01) levels were significantly lower in the HFCS groups than the CON. Serum CRE levels were higher in the low-HFCS group compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). The oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were lower in the low-HFCS group than the CON group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The addition of 100 mg/kg HFCS to broiler diets negatively affected performance parameters, but HFCS supplementation positively affected biochemical parameters. In particular, low-HFCS supplementation decreased the OSI, indicating that it could possibly reduce oxidative stress. Accordingly, HFCS could be added to broiler diets at a level of 50 mg/kg.
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    Evaluating the effects of different silage additives on silage quality and in vitro digestion values of the silages of leguminous and gramineous forage plants grown without fertilizer and irrigation in central Anatolian arid conditions
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2021) Kara, Kamil; Kara, Kanber; Erol, Taskin; Sen, Gokhan; Karsli, Mehmet Akif
    The objective of this study was to determine the effects of molasses, and bacterial inoculants on silage quality, fermentation characteristics, nutrient contents, and in vitro digestibility of different forage species grown at terrestrial climate of Central Anatolia without any artificial fertilizer usage and irrigation. Forage peas (Pisum arvense L.), Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz), rye grass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and triticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack) harvested at the dough stage of triticale and conserved in 1.5 kg jars. Silages were treated with no additive (control silage), 5% molasses and 10 g/t bacterial inoculant. Sensory, pH, organic acid, chemical analyses and in vitro digestibility of all silages were determined Forage peas silage had the highest lactic and acetic acid concentrations among all silages. Addition of both molasses and inoculant did not affect the lactic acid (LA) contents of silages (p 0.05), but both them increased acetic acid contents (p < 0.05). Ammonia-N concentrations were higher in forage peas silage compared with other silages (p < 0.05). The concentrations of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and crude protein (CP) were significantly different among silages (p < 0.05). The addition of molasses significantly reduced the silage OM, NDF and ADF contents (p < 0.05). In vitro OM digestibilities and energy values of silage were significantly different among silages made from different forages (p < 0.05), but not affected by silage additives. It can be concluded that high quality silage can be prepared from legume forages such as peas and vetch and small cereal grains such as rye and triticale grown without fertilizer usage and irrigation in central Anatolian arid conditions without any silage additive application, and but silage additive use may improve silage quality.
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    The effect of microbial inoculants and molasses on quality and in vitro digestibility of silages prepared with different proportions of ryegrass and Hungarian vetch
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Sen, Gokhan; Erol, Taskin; Kara, Kamil; Demirci, Mehmet; Karsli, Mehmet Akif
    In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of microbial inoculants and molasses on the quality and in vitro digestibility of the silages ensiled from the cultivation of different proportions of ryegrass-Hungarian vetch mixtures grown in Central Anatolian conditions. For this purpose, 5% molasses and 10 g/ton (1.25 x 10(11) CFU/g) inoculant were added to silages of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) containing 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica L.), under laboratory conditions. The prepared silages were opened at the end of 60 days and their physical analysis, chemical contents, fermentation parameters, in vitro digestibilities using rumen inocula obtained from cannulated Holstein cow, and energy levels were determined. In the study, it was determined that the microbial inoculant increased the lactic acid level significantly (p < 0.05). In vitro digestibility of organic matter and energy values increased in silages containing 60% HV compared to other silages and with both additives (p < 0.05). The neutral detergent fiber levels increased in mixtures containing 40% and 60% Hungarian vetch (p < 0.05). The increase in the vetch ratio affected the external appearance of the silages negatively (p < 0.05), and the physical properties were adversely affected by the inoculant (p < 0.05). As a result, it was determined that Hungarian vetch can be mixed with ryegrass up to 80% with and without inoculant and molasses additive to obtain high-quality silage. But the highest digestibility values were obtained when Hungarian vetch was mixed at a 60% level. It would be more appropriate to prefer molasses to avoid undesired changes in physical properties.